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The Knowledge Graph-to-Text Generation task aims to convert structured knowledge graphs into coherent and human-readable natural language text. Recent efforts in this field have focused on enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) by incorporating graph structure information to capture the intricate structure details of knowledge graphs. However, most of these approaches tend to capture only single-granularity structure information, concentrating either on the relationships between entities within the original graph or on the relationships between words within the same entity or across different entities. This narrow focus results in a significant limitation: models that concentrate solely on entity-level structure fail to capture the nuanced semantic relationships between words, while those that focus only on word-level structure overlook the broader relationships between original entire entities. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces the Multi-granularity Graph Structure Attention (MGSA), which is based on PLMs. The encoder of the model architecture features an entity-level structure encoding module, a word-level structure encoding module, and an aggregation module that synthesizes information from both structure. This multi-granularity structure encoding approach allows the model to simultaneously capture both entity-level and word-level structure information, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the knowledge graph's structure information, thereby significantly improving the quality of the generated text. We conducted extensive evaluations of the MGSA model using two widely recognized KG-to-Text Generation benchmark datasets, WebNLG and EventNarrative, where it consistently outperformed models that rely solely on single-granularity structure information, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

We present the integral field spectroscopic observations of ionized gas (H$\alpha$ and [{\ion{N}{II}}]) using the PCWI, along with deep CO(2-1) observations by the $^\backprime\bar{\rm U}^\backprime\bar{\rm u}$ receiver on JCMT for AGC 102004. The velocity field of H$\alpha$ shows an anomalous distribution in the North-Western (NW) disk. The H$\alpha$ spectrum is well-fitted by two Gaussian components, and the weak Gaussian component is dominated by the anomalous H$\alpha$ in the NW disk. The Gaussian fit center of H$\alpha$ emission is offset by +24.2 km s$^{-1}$ from the systemic velocity obtained from the HI emission. We derive the gas-phase metallicity, 12+log(O/H), using [{\ion{N}{II}}]$\lambda$6583/H$\alpha$ ratio as a proxy. The mean value of 12+log(O/H) is 8.30 $\pm$ 0.19 over the whole galaxy. The metallicity in the outer disk is lower than the detection limit of 7.72, indicating the metallicity gradient exists in AGC 102004. We speculate a minor/mini-merger event could have happened to the NW disk. CO(2-1) emission has non-detection in AGC 102004, reaching a noise level of 0.33 mK smoothed to 30 km s$^{-1}$. The upper limit of molecular gas mass in AGC 102004 is 2.1 $\times$ 10$^7$ M$\odot$ with X$_{\rm CO}$ = 3.02$\times$10$^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ (K km s$^{-1}$)$^{-1}$. The M$_{\rm H_2}$/M$^{\rm corr}_{\rm HI}$ of AGC 102004 is lower than 0.0037 and lower than that of normal galaxies., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

The interrelationship between a material's structure and its properties lies at the heart of materials-related research. Finding how the changes of one affect the other is of primary importance in theoretical and computational materials studies. In this work, based on Hershfield nonequilibrium quantum statistics and the mean-field approach with steady-state density functional theory, we derive a first-principles method to calculate nonequilibrium effects induced forces acting on atoms, enabling structure optimizations and molecular dynamics simulations for molecular junctions under external biases. By applying the method to a few molecular devices, we found that in general, the external bias can induce profound nonequilibrium effects on both electronic/transport properties and the geometric structure of these devices, and consequent changes in electronic properties and geometric structure are closely interrelated. Particularly, when the bias voltage is above 1.0 V, significant structure phase changes could occur, causing dramatic changes in I-V characteristics and vibrational spectra. These findings greatly broaden our understanding of quantum electronic devices and provide a new avenue for discovering novel transport phenomena at molecular scale., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures

Traditional reinforcement learning control for quadruped robots often relies on privileged information, demanding meticulous selection and precise estimation, thereby imposing constraints on the development process. This work proposes a Self-learning Latent Representation (SLR) method, which achieves high-performance control policy learning without the need for privileged information. To enhance the credibility of our proposed method's evaluation, SLR is compared with open-source code repositories of state-of-the-art algorithms, retaining the original authors' configuration parameters. Across four repositories, SLR consistently outperforms the reference results. Ultimately, the trained policy and encoder empower the quadruped robot to navigate steps, climb stairs, ascend rocks, and traverse various challenging terrains. Robot experiment videos are at https://11chens.github.io/SLR/

Punishment is a common tactic to sustain cooperation and has been extensively studied for a long time. While most of previous game-theoretic work adopt the imitation learning where players imitate the strategies who are better off, the learning logic in the real world is often much more complex. In this work, we turn to the reinforcement learning paradigm, where individuals make their decisions based upon their past experience and long-term returns. Specifically, we investigate the Prisoners' dilemma game with Q-learning algorithm, and cooperators probabilistically pose punishment on defectors in their neighborhood. Interestingly, we find that punishment could lead to either continuous or discontinuous cooperation phase transitions, and the nucleation process of cooperation clusters is reminiscent of the liquid-gas transition. The uncovered first-order phase transition indicates that great care needs to be taken when implementing the punishment compared to the continuous scenario., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Previous investigations have suggested that the simplest spin-orbital model on the simplest frustrated lattice can host a nematic quantum spin-orbital liquid state. Namely, the orbital degeneracy of the SU(4) Kugel-Khomskii (KK) model tends to enhance quantum fluctuations and stabilize a quantum spin-orbital liquid exhibiting stripy features on the triangular lattice, as revealed by the state-of-the-art method of the density matrix renormalization group boosted by Gutzwiller projected wave functions. In this work, using the variational quantum Monte Carlo method, we have studied several spin-orbital liquid states, including a uniform $\pi$ flux state, three stripy states, and a plaquette state, on the $L\times{}L$ torus up to $L=24$. It turns out that one of these stripy states, called the "stripe-II" state, is energetically favored. This ground state breaks the $C_6$ symmetry of the lattice, resulting in a reduced $C_2$ symmetry and doubled unit cells, while preserving the SU(4) spin-orbital rotation symmetry. Such a nematic quantum spin-orbital liquid state can be characterized by a parton Fermi surface (FS) consisting of open orbits in the Brillouin zone, in contrast to the circular FS of the uniform $\pi$-flux state., Comment: Typos in Eqs. are corrected

Chirality, a fundamental structural property of crystals, can induce many unique topological quantum phenomena. In kagome lattice, unconventional transports have been reported under tantalizing chiral charge order. Here, we show how by deforming the kagome lattice to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) chiral kagome lattice in which the key band features of the non-chiral 2D kagome lattice - flat energy bands, van Hove singularities (VHSs), and degeneracies - remain robust in both the $k_z$ = 0 and $\pi$ planes in momentum space. Given the handedness of our kagome lattice, degenerate momentum points possess quantized Chern numbers, ushering in the realization of Weyl fermions. Our 3D chiral kagome lattice surprisingly exhibits 1D behavior on its surface, where topological surface Fermi arc states connecting Weyl fermions are dispersive in one momentum direction and flat in the other direction. These 1D Fermi arcs open up unique possibilities for generating unconventional non-local transport phenomena at the interfaces of domains with different handedness, and the associated enhanced conductance as the separation of the leads on the surface is increased. Employing first-principles calculations, we investigate in-depth the electronic and phononic structures of representative materials within the ten space groups that can support topological chiral kagome lattices. Our study opens a new research direction that integrates the advantages of structural chirality with those of a kagome lattice and thus provides a new materials platform for exploring unique aspects of correlated topological physics in chiral lattices., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution was proposed to generate a string of secret keys without a shared reference frame. Based on the Bloch sphere, however, the security analysis in previous methods is only independent on azimuthal angle, while a reference frame is determined by both polar angle and azimuthal angle. Here, we propose a 3 \times 3 matrix whose singular values are independent on both polar angle and azimuthal angle, as well as take advantage of quantum discord, to realize a fully reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution. Furthermore, we numerically show that the performance of our method can reduce to the previous one if the key generation basis is calibrated.