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BTG4 arrests the cell cycle and suppresses oocyte and embryonic development. We performed a bioinformatic analysis of BTG4 expression. BTG4 expression was downregulated in breast cancer compared with normal tissues (p <.05), but the opposite was observed in cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers (p <.05). BTG4 methylation was negatively correlated with its mRNA expression in breast, cervical and endometrial cancers (p <.05). BTG4 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with T staging and distant metastasis of breast cancer; and with tumor invasion, clinical stage, low weight and BMI, low histological grade and no diabetes in endometrial cancer but positively with T stage and non-keratinizing squamous carcinoma in endometrial cancer. BTG4 expression was negatively correlated with the survival of ovarian cancer patients (p <.05), but positively for breast, cervical and endometrial cancers (p <.05). BTG4 expression is thus a potential marker reflecting the carcinogenesis, aggressiveness and prognosis in gynecological cancers. What is already known on this subject? Previous studies have revealed the structure and location of BTG4. BTG4 inhibit cell proliferative, promote apoptosis, induce G1 cell cycle arrest. BTG4 promotes the development of mouse embryos from cell stage 1 to 2. The methylation and biological function of BTG4 were clarified in gastric and/or colorectal cancer cells. What do the results of this study add? BTG4 is found to closely link to reflect the carcinogenesis, histogenesis, aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gynecological cancers, and involved in ligand-receptor interaction, microtubule motor activity, dynein light chain binding, cilium organization, assembly, and movement in endometrial and ovarian cancers. What are the implications of these finding for clinical practice and/or further research? Aberrant BTG4 mRNA expression can be employed as a marker of the tumorigenesis, histogenesis, aggressiveness and prognosis of gynecological cancers in the future practice and guide the investigation of BTG4-related signal pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BAG3 is a co-chaperone BAG family protein that plays important roles in protein homeostasis, cell survival, cell motility, and tumour metastasis. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of BAG3 mRNA expression in tumours. We performed bioinformatics analysis on BAG3 mRNA expression using TCGA, XIANTAO, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. BAG3 mRNA expression was downregulated in breast and endometrial cancers and positively correlated with favourable PAM50 subtyping in breast cancer，clinical stage and short overall survival in ovarian cancer and negatively correlated with T stage, clinical stage, and histological grade in cervical and endometrial cancers. The top BAG3-related pathways included ligand-receptor interactions and activity, DNA packaging and nucleosomes, hormonal responses, membrane regions, microdomains and rafts, and endosomes in breast cancer; ligand-receptor interactions, transmembrane transporters and channels, cell adhesion, and keratinisation in cervical cancer; ligand-receptor interactions, anion transmembrane transporters, lipoproteins, keratinisation, cell adhesion, and protein processing in endometrial cancer; metabolism of porphyrin, chlorophyll, pentose, uronic acid, ascorbate, and alternate and cell adhesion in ovarian cancer. BAG3 expression could represent a potential marker for carcinogenesis, histogenesis, aggressive behaviours, and prognosis in gynecological cancers. What is already known on this subject? BAG3 regulates cell activity, autophagy, and resistance to apoptosis through multiple domains and plays an important role in tumour development. BAG3 positively regulates tumour cell invasion and migration in cervical and ovarian cancers. What do the results of this study add? BAG3 expression is closely associated with histogenesis, clinicopathology, and prognosis in gynecological cancers and is involved in signalling pathways associated with the control of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance in tumours. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Abnormal BAG3 expression can be employed as a possible marker of tumour development, invasion, and prognosis, providing new ideas for treating cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the oncosuppressor CDC73 gene, whose mutation results in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) and parathyroid carcinoma. Down-regulation of parafibromin is linked to lung, gastric, colorectal, and ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Parafibromin expression was detected by RT-PCR, bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry; and compared with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. CDC73-related genes and pathways were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis. Parafibromin expression was increased in breast cancer compared to normal tissues at both mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05). Among triple-negative breast cancers, it was higher in basal-like 1 than basal-like 2 patients (p<0.05) and mesenchymal than immunomodulatory patients (p<0.05). CDC73 mRNA expression was positively correlated with white race, non-infiltrating immune cells, favorable luminal subtypes of PAM50, and prognosis of breast cancer patients (p<0.05). The differential genes of CDC73 were classified into enzyme inhibitors, peptidase, and keratinization by KEGG (p<0.05). Similarly, it was classified into ribosomes, TGF-β, oxidation phosphorylation, inositol phosphate metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, ERBB, and VEGF signaling pathways by GSEA (p<0.05). The positively-correlated genes of CDC73 were involved in cell mobility, response to interferon α, nuclear pore and basket, and histone methyltransferase. The negatively-correlated genes of CDC73 were involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thermogenesis, and ribosomes. Parafibromin expression was higher in invasive ductal than lobular carcinoma (p<0.05) and mucinous adenocarcinoma than others (p<0.05). Parafibromin immunoreactivity as an independent factor was positively associated with an increased overall survival rate of breast cancer patients (p<0.05). These findings suggest that up-regulation of parafibromin in breast cancer patients is closely linked to a favorable prognosis. It is involved in tumorigenesis and subsequent progression by regulating metabolism, ribosomes, and cytokines., (©The Author(s) 2023. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY International License.)