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Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the predominant birth defect. This study aimed to explore the association between maternal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the CHD risk in offspring. Methods: We used the prospective data from the Fujian Birth Cohort Study, collected from March 2019 to December 2022 on pregnant women within 14 weeks of gestation. Overall maternal CVH was assessed by seven CVH metrics (including physical activity, smoking, sleep duration, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose), with each metric classified as ideal, intermediate or poor with specific points. Participants were further allocated into high, moderate and low CVH categories based on the cumulative CVH score. The association with offspring CHD was determined with log-binominal regression models. Results: A total of 19810 participants aged 29.7 (SD: 3.9) years were included, with 7846 (39.6%) classified as having high CVH, 10949 (55.3%) as having moderate CVH, and 1015 (5.1%) as having low CVH. The average offspring CHD rate was 2.52%, with rates of 2.35%, 2.52% and 3.84% across the high, moderate and low CVH categories, respectively (P = 0.02). Adjusted relative risks (RRs) of having offspring CHD were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.90, P = 0.001) for high CVH and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.48-0.93, P = 0.02) for moderate CVH compared to low CVH. For individual metrics, only ideal total cholesterol was significantly associated with lower offspring CHD (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Pregnant women of high or moderate CVH categories in early pregnancy had reduced risks of CHD in offspring, compared to those of low CVH. It is important to monitor and improve CVH during pre-pregnancy counseling and early prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an introductory review of the physics of topological quantum matter with cold atoms. Topological quantum phases, originally discovered and investigated in condensed matter physics, have recently been explored in a range of different systems, which produced both fascinating physics findings and exciting opportunities for applications. Among the physical systems that have been considered to realize and probe these intriguing phases, ultracold atoms become promising platforms due to their high flexibility and controllability. Quantum simulation of topological phases with cold atomic gases is a rapidly evolving field, and recent theoretical and experimental developments reveal that some toy models originally proposed in condensed matter physics have been realized with this artificial quantum system. The purpose of this article is to introduce these developments. The article begins with a tutorial review of topological invariants and the methods to control parameters in the Hamiltonians of neutral atoms. Next, topological quantum phases in optical lattices are introduced in some detail, especially several celebrated models, such as the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, the Hofstadter-Harper model, the Haldane model and the Kane-Mele model. The theoretical proposals and experimental implementations of these models are discussed. Notably, many of these models cannot be directly realized in conventional solid-state experiments. The newly developed methods for probing the intrinsic properties of the topological phases in cold-atom systems are also reviewed. Finally, some topological phases with cold atoms in the continuum and in the presence of interactions are discussed, and an outlook on future work is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compass-type anisotropy appears naturally in chiral magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. In this work, we investigate the critical roles of compass anisotropy in modulating various spin textures of chiral magnets, by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated results reveal a gradual helical reorientation and varying symmetry of skyrmion crystal structures as a function of compass anisotropy. Furthermore, an extended continuum spin model with the lattice discretization anisotropy is proposed to interpret the dependences of helical and skyrmion crystal structures on the compass anisotropy. It is demonstrated that specific helical propagating directions are favored by the high-order lattice anisotropy arising from spin interactions in discretized lattice. Besides that, some threshold values for the helical structures are identified by analytical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers may be induced by intra- and/or intermolecular non-covalent forces to fold into helical conformations. Helices formed by aromatic amide, hydrazide, and urea polymers possess a well-organized cavity and depth, which is defined by their degree of polymerization. Driving forces may be intramolecular hydrogen bonding and/or solvophobicity, or guest induction. The resulting long helices represent a new class of unimacromolecular dynamic tubular architectures that exhibit unique properties or functions in, for example, molecular recognition, chirality transfer, and ion transporting. The recent advances are highlighted here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme to simulate Weyl points and nodal loops with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice that is subjected to realizable synthetic magnetic field and synthetic dimension. We show that a Hofstadter-like Hamiltonian with a cyclically parameterized on-site energy term can be realized in a tunable two-dimensional optical superlattice, based on the laser-assisted atomic tunneling method. This model effectively describes a three-dimensional periodic lattice system under magnetic fluxes, where a synthetic dimension is encoded by a cyclical phase of the optical lattice potential. For different atomic hopping configurations, the single-particle bands are demonstrated to, respectively, exhibit Weyl points and nodal loops in the extended three-dimensional Brillouin zone. Furthermore, we illustrate that the mimicked Weyl points and nodal loops can be experimentally detected by measuring the atomic transfer fraction in Bloch-Zener oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an experimental scheme to directly measure the spin Chern number of the time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter model in optical lattices. We first show that this model can be realized by using ultracold Fermi atoms with two pseudo-spin states encoded by the internal Zeeman states in a square optical lattice and the corresponding topological Bloch bands are characterized by the spin Chern number. We then propose and numerically demonstrate that this topological invariant can be extracted from the shift of the hybrid Wannier center in the optical lattice. By spin-resolved in situ detection of the atomic densities along the transverse direction combined with time-of-flight measurement along another spatial direction, the spin Chern number in this system is directly measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an experimental scheme to simulate the many-body dynamical quantum Hall effect with ultra-cold bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We first show that the required model Hamiltonian of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with an effective magnetic field and tunable parameters can be realized in this system. For dynamical response to ramping the external fields, the quantized plateaus emerge in the Berry curvature of the interacting atomic spin chain as a function of the effective spin-exchange interaction. The quantization of this response in the parameter space with the interaction-induced topological transition characterizes the many-body dynamical quantum Hall effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this phenomenon can be observed in practical cold atom experiments with numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices nowadays have been widely used to mimic various models from condensed-matter physics. Recently, many great experimental progresses have been achieved for producing artificial magnetic field and spin–orbit coupling in cold atomic systems, which turn these systems into a new platform for simulating topological states. In this paper, we give a review focusing on quantum simulation of topologically protected soliton modes and topological insulators in one-dimensional cold atomic system. Firstly, the recent achievements towards quantum simulation of one-dimensional models with topological non-trivial states are reviewed, including the celebrated Jackiw–Rebbi model and Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. Then, we will introduce a dimensional reduction method for systematically constructing high dimensional topological states in lower dimensional models and review its applications on simulating two-dimensional topological insulators in one-dimensional optical superlattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic stacking has played a significant role in the design of discrete supramolecular systems. However, for many years, the stacking of conjugated radical cations has been considered only as a novelty due to its weakness. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the stacking of conjugated radical cations, particularly those formed by bipyridinium or tetrathiafulvalene, can be enhanced remarkably when they are incorporated into rationally designed, preorganized frameworks or entrapped into a confined space. This Focus Review highlights the recent advance in its application as an emerging non-covalent force for the construction of various supramolecular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In host–guest chemistry, a larger hostmolecule selectivelyand noncovalently binds to a smaller guest molecule or ion. Earlystudies of host–guest chemistry focused on the recognitionof spherical metal or ammonium ions by macrocyclic hosts, such ascyclic crown ethers. In these systems, preorganization enables theirbinding sites to cooperatively contact and attract a guest. Althoughsome open-chain crown ether analogues possess similar, but generallylower, binding affinities, the design of acyclic molecular recognitionhosts has remained challenging. One of the most successful exampleswas rigid molecular tweezers, acyclic covalently bonded preorganizedhost molecules with open cavities that bind tightly as they stiffen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an attractive realization of nonlinear coupling of superconducting charge qubit coupled to a transmission-line resonator. Our scheme provides a new approach to produce the strong squeezing effect via a flexible design of the superconducting qubit and mature experimental setup of circuit QED. By properly tuning the external magnetic flux, considerable squeezing can be generated. Strong coupling strength, immunity to noises and suppression of spontaneous emission make our scheme more robust and may be realized with conservative experimental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Two α-aminoxy diamides with fluorinated side chains were synthesized. Their secondary structures characterization was carried out by 1H NMR, and IR spectrometries as well as X-ray crystallography studies. α N–O turn secondary structures are adopted insusceptibly by side-chain-fluorinated α-aminoxy residues. Thus the fluorinated α-aminoxy diamide can be a potential residue as a biological tracer to be incorporated into aminoxy peptides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

New acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs) with eight carboxylate groups were synthesized. These hosts are highly soluble in water, and can form stable inclusion complexes with cationic bitter compounds. ACBs are confirmed to be non‐toxic and biocompatible. Two‐bottle preference (TBP) tests on mice show that all ACBs are tasteless to mammals. ACBs are discovered to mask the bitterness of berberine and denatonium benzoate, but not quinine hydrochloride, due to different binding modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water‐soluble three‐dimensional (3D) polymers are structurally ideal for the construction of ordered porous materials for in‐situ and tunable loading and release of guests. For many years, studies on ordered porous materials have been confined to crystalline solids. Since 2014, self‐assembly has been developed as a robust strategy for the preparation of water‐soluble 3D polymers that possess defined and intrinsic porosity. Through the encapsulation of cucurbit[8]uril for aromatic dimers, ordered diamondoid supramolecular organic frameworks can be assembled from tetrahedral monomers. With [Ru(bipy)3]2+‐derived octahedral complexes as precursors, cubic supramolecular metal‐organic frameworks have been assembled. One supramolecular organic framework has also been utilized to prepare the first homogeneous covalent organic framework through the [2+2] alkene cycloaddition, whereas the quantitative formation of the hydrazone bonds can be utilized to synthesize flexible porous organic frameworks. The new water‐soluble ordered and flexible polymeric frameworks are able to include drugs and biomacromolecules to accomplish in situ loading and intracellular delivery and to enrich photosensitizers and catalysts to enhance discrete visible light‐induced reactions. This review highlights the advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two rigid porous organic polymers (Ir-POP-1 and Ir-POP-2) were prepared from the coupling reactions of tetraphenylmethane tetraborate and two [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]+-based bitopic linkers and applied as heterogeneous visible-light photocatalysts for organic transformations. Ir-POP-2 was found to exhibit high catalytic activity for a wide range of organic reactions, which include Smiles–Truce rearrangement of alkyliodides, desulfurative conjugate addition to Michael acceptors, and aerobic oxidations of sulfides and arylboronic acids. For all the transformations, Ir-POP-2 could achieve heterogeneous photocatalytic efficiency that rivals that of the homogeneous prototype iridium complexes. This remarkably high photocatalytic performance has been attributed to the large pore size of the conjugated backbone. The new heterogeneous photocatalyst was also highly stable to achieve good recyclability for all the studied reactions and could be reused eight to nineteen times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive systems with controlled release of drugs or diagnostic markers are attractive for solving the problems of biomedicine and antitumor therapy. In this study, new decasubstituted pillar[5]arene derivatives containing L-Tryptophan and L-Phenylalanine residues have been synthesized as pH-responsive drug nanocarriers. Fluorescein dye (Fluo) was loaded into the pillar[5]arene associates and used as a spectroscopic probe to evaluate the release in buffered solutions with pH 4.5, 7.4, and 9.2. The nature of the substituents in the pillar[5]arene structure has a huge influence on the rate of delivering. When the dye was loaded into the associates based on pillar[5]arene derivatives containing L-Tryptophan, the Fluo release occurs in the neutral (pH = 7.4) and alkaline (pH = 9.2) buffered solutions. When the dye was loaded into the associates based on pillar[5]arene with L-Phenylalanine fragments, the absence of release was observed in every pH evaluated. This happens as the result of different packing of the dye in the structure of the associate. This fact was confirmed by different fluorescence mechanisms (aggregation-caused quenching and aggregation-induced emission) and association constants. It was shown that the macrocycle with L-Phenylalanine fragments binds the dye more efficiently (lgKa = 3.92). The experimental results indicate that the pillar[5]arene derivatives with amino acids fragments have a high potential to be used as a pH-responsive drug delivery devices, especially for promoting the intracellular delivering, due to its nanometric size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an experimental scheme to simulate and observe the Klein tunneling of relativistic Maxwell particles with trapped ions. We explore the scattering dynamics of the pseudospin-one Maxwell particles and demonstrate that the scattered state should be a superposition of a reflection state, a localization state, and a transmission state. The probabilities of these states can be analytically obtained by the approach of Landau-Zener transition. We further show that the Maxwell Hamiltonian and the associated scattering dynamics can be mimicked with two trapped ions. The Maxwell spinors are encoded by three internal states of the first ion, the position and momentum are described by those of the motional modes, and the desired linear potential barrier is built by the second ion. • A scheme to simulate the Maxwell particles with trapped ions is proposed. • The Klein tunneling of a spin-1 particle is explored. • The Klein tunneling rates are calculated with the Landau-Zener transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The well-known quantum Hall effect (QHE) was usually studied in 2D systems. In this work, we investigate the integer QHE in 3D Weyl and double-Weyl semimetals. Based on the lattice models of Weyl and double-Weyl semimetals subjected to a uniform magnetic field, we derive the generalized 3D spinfull Hofstadter Hamiltonians and Harper equations for the two systems, and obtain their corresponding energy spectra. Furthermore, we show that for proper hopping parameters and rational magnetic fluxes, both systems exhibit the 3D QHE when the Fermi level lies in some band gaps. The 3D QHE is topologically characterized by three Chern numbers with one or two nonzero Chern values which are respectively defined for three crystal planes. The possible experimental realization and detection of the 3D QHE are also discussed. Highlights • The generalized 3D Hofstadter Hamiltonians for Weyl and double-Weyl lattice models with a magnetic field are derived. • The 3D quantum Hall effect characterized by one or two non-zero Chern numbers in the two model systems is shown. • The possible experimental realization and detection of the 3D quantum Hall effect are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract 42 members supramolecular macrocycle (H 4 M) was synthesized in a simple one-step 2 + 2 condensation of 2,5‑diformyl hydroquinone with 4,7,10‑trioxa‑1,13‑tridecanediamine. The macrocycle was isolated in good yield by simple filtration and washing from the final reaction mixture. H 4 M has multiple salicylaldimine ON-donor sockets in the aromatic salicylaldimine part and six "O" atoms in ethylene glycol chains for transition or alkali metals or other cationic species binding. Preliminarily, this macrocycle was used in the synthesis of trans -tetra-platinum mono-chloride mixed ligand complex (M-4Pt(pyridine)Cl). The UV–vis analysis of this complex showed characteristic absorption around λ max = 593 nm visible region. Similarly a dimetallic quinone bridged control complex L-2Pt(pyridine)Cl bearing two Pt metals was prepared to better understand the structural orientation of the supramolecular macrocyclic complex (M-4Pt(pyridine)Cl). The structure of this control complex was determined by single crystal X-ray. Comparative UV analysis of M-4Pt(pyridine)Cl and L-2Pt(pyridine)Cl showed that the absorption of the same concentration of tetra-metallic macrocyclic complex was more than two times (ɛ = 7.0 × 10−3 mol−1 cm−1) to that observed for dimetallic control complex (ɛ = 3.1 × 10−3 mol−1 cm−1). The extremely simple productive synthetic and isolation procedure and the presence of multiple donor atoms promises to make this macrocycle an appealing platform in organometallic and supramolecular chemistry. Graphical abstract A 2 + 2 supramolecular 42 members macrocycle (H4M) was synthesized in a simple one step reaction in good isolated yield from commercially available precursors. This macrocycle was used in the synthesis of trans-tetra‑platinum chloride mixed ligand complex (M-4Pt(pyridine)Cl) having characteristic UV–vis absorption in visible region λ max = 593 nm. The extremely simple synthetic procedure and the presence of multiple donor atoms, promises to make this macrocycle an appealing platform in organometallic and supramolecular chemistry. Unlabelled Image Highlights • 42 members supramolecular macrocycle • Simple one step route for the synthesis of multi-functional macrocycle • Tetra-metallic Pt(II) complex • Enhance visible region absorption of multi-metal based Pt(II) complex • Solid state structure of quinone-bridged Pt(II) complex [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two phenylethynylplatinum(II) terpyridine (PEPtTPY)-derived polymers PtP1 and PtP2 have been prepared from the coupling reactions of two PEPtTPY-incorporated dialdehydes and an oligo(ethylene glycol)-derived diacylhydrazine which form hydrazone bonds quantitatively. Phosphorescence and absorption studies revealed that in binary MeCN and DMSO the PEPtTPY units of both polymers undergo intramolecular Pt⋯Pt interaction and π–π stacking to induce the backbones of the polymers to form pleated conformations. Adding LiClO 4 or NaClO 4 further stabilizes the two polymeric pleated foldamers by electrostatically binding the oligo(ethylene glycol) chains to induce the chains to fold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Personal Account summarizes the development of the design of hydrogen-bonding-driven aromatic foldamers and their applications in supramolecular chemistry. This account begins with a short, non-exhaustive description of the background in the study of hydrogen-bonded aromatic foldamers. The construction of foldamers from discrete aromatic residues, including amide, urea, hydrazide and 1,2,3-triazole units, is then described. In the following parts, the applications of such compact aromatic oligomers in supramolecular chemistry, including the development of acyclic receptors, the construction of hybrid helical sequences through intramolecular stacking, the promotion of the formation of covalently and noncovalently bonded macrocycles, the tuning of the mechanical properties of copolymers, and the regulation of the shuttling behavior of [2]rotaxanes and the controlled release of dye from reverse vesicles formed from them, are described. In the final part, the binding-induced folding of conformationally flexible aromatic amide oligomers and their self-binding are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 61 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and bipyridinium (BIPY 2+ ) were copolymerized into NP1 and NP2 linked by acylhydrazone bonds. The formed intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) complex drove the linear foldamers to adopt pleated folding conformation. Upon protonation of the DAN units by triflic acid (TFSA), the pleated folding conformation unfolded to linear structure because of electron repulsion. And this linear structure can be refolded to pleated structure by titrating with triethylamine (TEA). 1,5-dinaphtho[38]crown-10 (DN38C10) can encapsulate bipyridinium group on the polymers after protonation. These processes were supported by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four hydrogen bonded rigid aromatic hydrazide macrocycles, which bear different number of chiral and/or achiral oligo(ethylene glycol) chains, have been synthesized. 1 H NMR, fluorescence, UV–vis absorption, and circular dichroism experiments showed that the three macrocycles bearing chiral side chains gave rise to one-dimensional chiral column aggregates in aqueous solution. Remarkably, the chiral side chains at two different positions induced the helicity chirality in opposite directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A mesoporous 3D- fjh covalent organic framework is prepared and characterized. • Molecular chromophore and redox active components are incorporated into 3D COF. • Visible-light responsive and redox activity metal-free 3D COF photocatalyst. • Generation of reactive radical species to induce visible-light photoredox catalysis. • Highly efficient photoredox catalysis is demonstrated using 3D COF photocatalyst. Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been emerged as prominent methodology for efficient chemical synthesis. However, the relying use of soluble noble-metal photoredox catalysts suffer from long-term supply, inefficient separation, and could pos serious threats to the environment. Development of recyclable metal-free photoredox catalyst is thus highly significance. Herein, suitable molecular chromophore and redox units are condensed into photo- and redox active mesoporous 3D COF (3D TAPPy-TFPA) that enable highly efficient photoredox catalysis. The 3D COF displayed high crystallinity, mesoporous channel, and excellent structural stability. Optical and electrochemical studies revealed the excellent light harvesting, redox activity and effective generation of reactive radical species to induce photoredox catalysis. As proof-of-concept, 3D TAPPy-TFPA efficiently catalyzed the visible-light induced photoredox thiol-ene cross coupling and thiol radical mediated acylation of amines with activities surpassing most of the reported soluble photoredox catalysts. Beside recoverable, 3D TAPPy-TFPA showcased the previously inaccessible diacylation of amine into di-amide with high selectivity. This report shows robust design of outstanding and low-cost photoredox catalyst and paves the development of functional 3D COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically investigate the spreading dynamics of wave packets in a one-dimensional lattice with quasiperiodic disorders and nonlinear interactions. Under moderate disorder strength, we reveal an intriguing super-ballistic diffusion driven by increasing the interaction strength from the ballistic diffusion in the non- and weakly interacting cases. We obtain a wide parameter region for such a faster-than-ballistic spreading of wave packets in the quasiperiodic lattice, although the nonlinear self-trapping is dominated under strong interactions. The super-ballistic diffusion is further analyzed based on the point source model. We also show the interaction-induced sub-diffusive spreading in the Anderson localized regime. The super-ballistic and sub-diffusive dynamics are exhibited in the spreading that starts from both the single-site and Gaussian wave packets. Our results showcase the interaction-enabled super-ballistic diffusion, which is scarce and experimentally realizable in artificial atomic or photonic lattices. • The super-ballistic diffusion induced by nonlinear interactions in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic lattice is revealed, which indicates the faster-than-ballistic spreading of wave packets. • A point source model is implemented to analyze the dynamic exponent and the physical picture of the super-ballistic diffusion. • The super-ballistic diffusion can be exhibited for single-site and Gaussian wave packets, which could be experimentally observed in artificial atomic or photonic lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 357 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective preparation of two‐dimensional polymers (2DPs) and supramolecular polymers (2DSPs) with defined thickness is crucially important for controlling and maximizing their functions, yet it has remained as a synthetic challenge. In the past decade, several approaches have been developed to allow selective preparation of discrete monolayer 2DPs and 2DSPs. Recently, crystal exfoliation and self‐assembly strategies have been employed to successfully prepare bilayer 2DP and 2DSP, which represent the first step towards the controlled "growth" of 2D polymers from the thinnest monolayers to thicker few‐layers along the third dimension. This Concept review discusses the concept of accurate synthesis of 2D polymers with defined layers. Advances in this research area will pave the way to rational synthetic strategies for 2D polymers with controlled thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of homogeneous, water-soluble periodic self-assembled structures comprise repeating units that produce porosity in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) spaces has become a topic of growing interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Such novel self-assembled entities, known as supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), are the result of programmed host–guest interactions, which allows for the thermodynamically controlled generation of monolayer sheets or a diamondoid architecture with regular internal cavities or pores under mild conditions. This feature article aims at propagating the conceptually novel SOFs as a new entry into conventional supramolecular polymers. In the first section, we will describe the background of porous solid frameworks and supramolecular polymers. We then introduce the self-assembling behaviour of several multitopic flexible molecules, which is closely related to the design of periodic SOFs from rigid multitopic building blocks. This is followed by a brief discussion of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-encapsulation-enhanced aromatic stacking in water. The three-component host–guest pattern based on this stacking motif has been utilized to drive the formation of most of the new SOFs. In the following two sections, we will highlight the main advances in the construction of 2D and 3D SOFs and the related functional aspects. Finally, we will offer our opinions on future directions for both structures and functions. We hope that this article will trigger the interest of researchers in the field of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science, which should help accelerate the applications of this new family of soft self-assembled organic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-soluble cyclic β2,3-aminoxy peptides have been successfully prepared and characterized in polar organic solvents and aqueous media. The monomeric and oligomeric peptides exhibit unique β N−O turns and helical conformations, with extraordinary stability toward a wide range of pH values and temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of pyrene-appended m-phenylene ethynylene oligomers, which bear no alkyl chains or heteroatoms, have been demonstrated to gelate organic solvents, and one of them forms chiral twisted gels in cyclohexane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dynamic covalent polymers P1 and P2 were prepared by alternately linking electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and electron-deficient bipyridinium (BIPY2+) through hydrazone bonds. In acetonitrile, the polymers were induced by intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions to form pleated foldamers, which unfolded upon oxidation of the TTF units to the radical cation TTF.+. Reduction of the BIPY2+ units to BIPY.+ led to the formation of another kind of pleated secondary structures, which are stabilized by intramolecular dimerization of the BIPY.+ units. The diradical dicationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene) (CBPQT2(.+)) could further force the folded structures to unfold by including the BIPY.+ units of the polymers. Upon oxidation of the BIPY.+ units of the cyclophane and polymers to BIPY2+, the first folded state was regenerated. Switching or conversion between the four conformational states was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopic experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dynamic covalent polymers P1 and P2 were prepared by alternately linking electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and electron-deficient bipyridinium (BIPY2+) through hydrazone bonds. In acetonitrile, the polymers were induced by intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions to form pleated foldamers, which unfolded upon oxidation of the TTF units to the radical cation TTF.+. Reduction of the BIPY2+ units to BIPY.+ led to the formation of another kind of pleated secondary structures, which are stabilized by intramolecular dimerization of the BIPY.+ units. The diradical dicationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene) (CBPQT2(.+)) could further force the folded structures to unfold by including the BIPY.+ units of the polymers. Upon oxidation of the BIPY.+ units of the cyclophane and polymers to BIPY2+, the first folded state was regenerated. Switching or conversion between the four conformational states was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopic experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have attracted increasing attention and emerged as a new research area in polymer chemistry. During the past decade, the intense desirability for application in aqueous scenarios has spawned the development of a specific class of POPs, i.e., water-soluble or dispersible porous organic polymers (WS-POPs) that can allow the implementation of porosity-based functions in aqueous media. In this Tutorial Review, aiming at providing a practical guide to this area, we will discuss recent advances in the preparation of WS-POPs through covalent/dynamic covalent, coordination and supramolecular approaches. As a result of their intrinsic and well-defined porosity, diverse topological architectures as well as unique water-processable features, many water-soluble/dispersible POPs have been demonstrated to exhibit potential for various applications, which include drug, DNA and protein delivery, bioimaging, photocatalysis, explosive detection and membrane separation. We will also highlight the related function of the representative structures. Finally, we provide our perspective for the future research, with a focus on the development of new structures and biofunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Photosensitizers incorporated into tetrahedral monomer efficiently avoid the aggregation. • Photosensitizer incorporated SOF provides increased stability, regularity, and catalytic activity. • SOF as a visible light photoredox catalyst exhibits good recyclability. Due to the urgent demand for environmentally friendly synthetic methods, metal-free materials have gained increasing prominence in various photocatalytic organic transformations. The utilization of supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) as photocatalysts has gradually emerged in photo-induced organic reactions, which complements the widespread use of porous organic polymers and covalent organic frameworks. SOFs, which are constructed through noncovalent interactions, can function as heterogeneous catalysts due to their low solubility in typical organic solvents. The present study reports the application of a SOF for heterogeneous photocatalysis. A tetraphenylmethane-based monomer (TM) incorporating four 4,4′-(thiazolo[5,4- d ]thiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(1-methyl-1-pyridinium) units (MPT) has been synthesized and co-assemble with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) to afford a photoactive three-dimensional supramolecular organic framework (TM-SOF) through the encapsulation of two MPT units by CB[8]. Various methods have been employed to characterize the optical and electronic properties of TM-SOF and reveal its exceptional light-absorbing properties that facilitate photoredox catalysis by generating reactive radical species. As a heterogeneous photocatalyst, TM-SOF efficiently catalyzes photoinduced reductive dichlorination of α-chloroacetophenones and acetylation of amines with thioacetate with high recyclability. Mechanistic studies were further conducted to reveal the effect of the framework on the photocatalytic efficiency of the MPT unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of peptide-appended bisresorcinarenes were synthesized, which adopted tubular conformation induced by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The derivatives formed unimolecular artificial transmembrane channels in lipid bilayers to enable selective transport of monovalent cations. Importantly, the channels exhibited reversible ligand-gating behavior in response to alkyl amine and Cu2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hydrogen-bonded 3-mer arylamide foldamers 1 and 2, which bear two pyridine or iodobenzene subunits at the ends, have been designed and prepared. Compound 1 co-assembles with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (3) to form 2 + 2 macrocycles through four (py)N…I halogen bonds, whereas compound 2 dimerizes into a macrocycle through two C=O…I hydrogen bonds. Macrocycles formed by 1 and 3 stack to produce a supramolecular tube, with two neighboring macrocycles encapsulating one molecule of 3 through two C=O…I halogen bonds. Through such a cross-layer connection, formally the two molecules also give rise to a new halogen-bonded supramolecular helix, and further stack alternately to afford a double helix. In contrast, the mixture of 1 and fumaric acid (5) did not produce a similar encapsulation-derived helix, even though they also formed a halogen-bonded 2 + 2 supramolecular macrocycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Two new monofunctional mono-metallic trans -Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)(pyridine)·BF 4 (C1) and supramolecular dimetallic trans -(Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)) 2 (4,4-bipyridine)·2BF 4 (C2) complexes were designed and synthesized through ancillary chloride ligand exchange strategy and structurally characterized by spectroscopic, spectrophotometric and single crystal X-ray analyses. The solid-state structure analyses revealed interactions between the coordination planes, inter-molecular H-bonding, bonding in the ligand hydrogen and BF 4 anions and supramolecular interactions with solvent molecules in crystal packing. The in vitro anticancer effect of these complexes was investigated in breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. Both these complexes showed significant anticancer effect comparable to cisplatin. Similarly, the effect of these complexes on Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth retardation was also analyzed and the results revealed stronger growth retardation effect and elongated morphology of bacterial cells in similar fashion as observed for cisplatin. The DNA interaction of C1 and C2 was investigated by gel electrophoresis using pET28 as target DNA. These complexes retarded migration of DNA across the gel showing their interaction with DNA. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Monofunctional Pt(II) complexes synthesis and structure • Supramolecular Pt(II) complexes • Anticancer effect of monofunctional Pt(II) complexes • E. coli growth retardation and morphology • DNA interaction study by gel electrophoresis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The current study unveils ONS-donor ligand based Pt(II) complexes with unusual anticancer potency showing higher anticancer effect as compared to cisplatin. This series of Pt(II)(R-salicylaldimine)Cl (C1a-C4a) (R = 5-H, 5-CH 3 , F, 3-CH 3 O) complexes were prepared in single step in good isolated yields from commercially available materials. The chloride ancillary ligand of "a" series (C1a-C4a) was replaced with 4-picoline and "b" series of four complexes Pt(II)(R-salicylaldimine)(4-picoline)BF 4 (C1b-C4b) (R = 5-H, 5-CH 3 , F, 3-CH 3 O) was obtained. All these complexes were characterized by different structure elucidation techniques. Among these, the structures of C1a , C2a , C2b and C3b were determined in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. We found quick aquation of "a" series of complexes in DMSO/water mixture that was well investigated by 1H NMNR, LCMS and ESI-MS, while "b" series of these complexes was quite stable over a month as described by the 1H NMNR in DMSO/D 2 O mixture. This ONS-donor ligand based class of Pt(II) complexes showed unusual anticancer potency in non-small cell lung cancer A549, colorectal cancer HT-29 and triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. These Pt(II) complexes induced PARP cleavage and significantly inhibited colony formation ability of cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found reduced aggressive growth of cancer cells by the induction of autophagic cell death via LC3-I/LC3-II expression and recruitment of LC3B to autophagosomal membrane. These complexes induced p21 expression, that suggested their potentials to suppress cell cycle progression. Significant activation of Caspase3/7-dependent apoptotic signaling was observed in cancer cells treated with these Pt(II) complexes. Morphological changes of cancer cells suggested their potentials to modulate epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) like features of cancer cells. Gel electrophoresis study revealed their interaction with plasmid DNA. Similarly, strong growth retardation effect and filamentous morphology was observed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). These ONS-donor Pt(II) complexes possessed strong anticancer effect in multiple human cancer cells via activation of multiple pathways for apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • ONS-donor Pt(II) complexes synthesis and structure study. • Aquation and stability of Pt(II) complexes. • Apoptosis via multiple genes activation pathways. • Autophagy induction. • E. coli growth retardation and filamentous morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halogen bonding has been used to glue together hydrogen‐bonded short arylamide foldamers to achieve new supramolecular double and quadruple helices in the solid state. Three compounds, which bear a pyridine at one end and either a CF2I or fluorinated iodobenzene group at the other end, engage in head‐to‐tail N⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds to form one‐component supramolecular P and M helices, which stack to afford supramolecular double‐stranded helices. One of the double helices can dimerize to form a G‐quadruplex‐like supramolecular quadruple helix. Another symmetric compound, which bears a pyridine at each end, binds to ICF2CF2I through N⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds to form two‐component supramolecular P and M helices, with one turn consisting of four (2+2) molecules. Half of the pyridine‐bearing molecules in two P helices and two M helices stack alternatingly to form another supramolecular quadruple helix. Another half of the pyridine‐bearing molecules in such quadruple helices stack alternatingly with counterparts from neighboring quadruple helices, leading to unique quadruple helical arrays in two‐dimensional space. Glued in place: Halogen bonds glue together short hydrogen‐bonded arylamide molecules to form either one‐ or two‐component helices. The helices stack to produce supramolecular quadruple and double helical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halogen bonding has been used to glue together hydrogen‐bonded short arylamide foldamers to achieve new supramolecular double and quadruple helices in the solid state. Three compounds, which bear a pyridine at one end and either a CF2I or fluorinated iodobenzene group at the other end, engage in head‐to‐tail N⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds to form one‐component supramolecular P and M helices, which stack to afford supramolecular double‐stranded helices. One of the double helices can dimerize to form a G‐quadruplex‐like supramolecular quadruple helix. Another symmetric compound, which bears a pyridine at each end, binds to ICF2CF2I through N⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds to form two‐component supramolecular P and M helices, with one turn consisting of four (2+2) molecules. Half of the pyridine‐bearing molecules in two P helices and two M helices stack alternatingly to form another supramolecular quadruple helix. Another half of the pyridine‐bearing molecules in such quadruple helices stack alternatingly with counterparts from neighboring quadruple helices, leading to unique quadruple helical arrays in two‐dimensional space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new acylhydrazone fluorescence probe, SPBH, was synthesized from salicylaldehyde and 4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzohydrazide (PBH). SPBH exhibited high selectivity and a sensitive fluorescence response towards Al3+, even in the presence of other competing metal ions in DMF/H2O (1 : 1, v/v) medium. And, the chemosensor can even detect Al3+ in the intracellular region of human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells. The binding phenomenon of SPBH was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS. Mass spectrometry analysis showed a 1 : 1 complex formation of SPBH with Al3+. The Job plot also confirmed its 1 : 1 interaction. This SPBH/Al3+ complex exhibited excellent fluorescence “turn-off” properties towards the F− anion. Thus, SPBH acts as a sequential fluorescence “Off–On–Off” probe. The limits of detection for Al3+ and F− were calculated from the titration curve and found to be 1.1 × 10−7 M and 1.47 × 10−6 M, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A series of bis-salicylaldimine ligands bearing two ON-donor functions were reacted with dichloro(p -cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer in the presence of base (NaOAc) and a series of four dimetallic Ru(II) arene complexes (Ru(p -cymene)) 2 (bis-salicylaldimine)Cl 2 (C1 C4) were prepared. These complexes were obtained in excellent isolated yields and characterized in detail by using different spectroscopic techniques. The structure of C1 was also determined in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. These complexes were studied for their cytotoxic effect against three different types of human cancer cells including hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by MTT assay. These complexes showed considerable cytotoxic effect in all the above-mentioned cell lines that was comparable to the effect of cisplatin. C1 and C2 showed moderate anticancer effect while C3 and C4 showed reasonable cytotoxicity. We found the cytotoxicity was increased in series from C1 to C4 representing the effect of ligand modification from small to bulky group at the amine functionality of the salicylaldimine. We selected C3 and C4 for mechanistic anticancer study in MCF-7 cells. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide and DAPI staining assays of MCF-7 cells treated with Ru(II) complexes showed apoptosis in cancer cells. Similarly, these complexes induced p53 protein expression in MCF-7 cells. Further, increased mRNA levels of p63, p73, PUMA, BAX and NOXA genes were observed in response to the treatment with C3 and C4 , while cyclinD1, MMP3 and ID1 gene expression was significantly reduced. We found reduced invasion ability in breast cancer cells treated with C3 and C4. Taken together, we demonstrated that bis-salicylaldimine based dimetallic Ru-(p -cymene) complexes exerts anticancer effects by p53 pathway, suggesting the promising chemotherapeutic potentials of these Ru(II) complexes for the treatment of cancer. This study may further pave for their in depth in vitro or in vivo anticancer investigations. Graphical abstract Dimetallic bis-salicylaldimine based Ru(II) arene complexes (Ru (p-cymene))2 (bis-salicylaldime)Cl2 were prepared and investigated as anticancer agents. Their in vitro cytotoxic effect on cancer cells was comparable to cisplatin. They induced p53, p63 and p73 genes expression and regulated PUMA, BAX and NOXA genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Image 1 Highlights • Dimetallic ruthenium complexes. • Single crystal X-ray structure characterization. • Anticancer study of Ru(II) arene complexes. • Genes activation for efficient apoptosis in cancer cell. • p53 activation by Ru(II) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromone and benzyldithiocarbazate based ligand ( ChrDTCB ) showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity for colorimetric detection of Cu 2+ in HEPES buffer 10 mM pH 7.2 in CH 3 CN/H 2 O (1:1) mixture. Upon binding with Cu 2+ ChrDTCB displayed instant color change from colorless to yellow. This sensing property of ChrDTCB was studied in detail using 1 H NMR, IR, UV–vis spectroscopy and HR-ESI–MS spectrometry. The structure of the complex of ChrDTCB and Cu 2+ was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. No interference was observed by 30 common competing metal ions and anions showing excellent selectivity for Cu 2+ . The binding mechanism of ChrDTCB to Cu 2+ was derived from the experimental results, showed a 1:1 complex formation. The limit of detection (LOD) for Cu 2+ was calculated to be 0.12 nM. The binding of the probe to Cu 2+ was reversed completely by EDTANa 2 . ChrDTCB based solution kit was developed which afforded instant colorimetric detection of Cu 2+ far below the WHO permitted level in drinking water. Similarly, the structures and energies of ChrDTCB and ChrDTCB-Cu were theoretically investigated using DFT method, which showed the decrease in HOMO-LUMO gap of the complex as compared to the free ChrDTCB suggesting a red shift of the UV–vis absorption. Taken together all satisfactory results ChrDTCB proved to be a promising probe for instant colorimetric and spectroscopic detection of Cu 2+ in aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronene tatracarboxylate CTC and octacarboxylate COC have been utilized to interact with dipyridinium DP and tetrapyridinium TP to assemble new supramolecular polymers in water. It was revealed that CTC interacted with DP and TP in 1:2 and 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas the binding between COC and DP and TP occurred in 1:4 and 1:2 stoichiometry. For all complexations, DP and TP behaved as a uni- or siamesed tweezers to clamp CTC or COC driven by ion-pair attraction and hydrophobically driven stacking of the pyridinium and coronene units. Apparent association constants were determined to be 33400 ( CTC / DP ), 9400 ( COC/DP ), 151000 ( CTC/TP ), and 89000 ( COC/TP ) M −1 , respectively, for the single clamping binding motif of the four complexes. Dynamic light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetric experiments supported that the mixtures of CTC and COC with TP formed linear and cross-linked supramolecular polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigid linear compounds G1 and G2, which contained two 4-phenylpyridinium (PhPy+) units, have been prepared to investigate their binding with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). X-ray crystallographic structures revealed that in the solid state both compounds were included by CB[8], through antiparallel stacking, to form 2:2 quaternary complexes (G1)2@(CB[8])2 and (G2)2@(CB[8])2. For the former complex, CB[8] entrapped G1 by holding two heterodimers of its Py + and benzyl units, which were at opposite ends of the backbone. In contrast, for the first time, the second complex disclosed parallel stacking of two cationic Py + units of G2 in the cavity of CB[8] in the solid state, despite the generation of important electrostatic repulsion. Isothermal titrations in water afforded high apparent association constants of 4.36x 106 and 6.43 x 106 M-1 for 1:1 complexes G1@CB[8] and G2@CB[8], respectively, and 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments in D2O confirmed a similar stacking pattern to that observed in the solid state. A previous study and crystal structures of the 2:1 complexes formed between three new controls, G3-5, and CB[8] did not display such unusual stacking of the cationic Py+ unit; this may be attributed to the multivalency of the two CB[8] encapsulation interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of homoleptic Pt(II)(hydrazone)Cl ( C1a - C5a ) and heteroleptic Pt(II)(hydrazone)(4-picoline). BF 4 ( C1b - C5b ) complexes were prepared and characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 19 F NMR and HR ESI-MS. Structure of C2b was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. These complexes were studied for their in vitro anticancer activities in human multiple cancer cells including breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), lung (H460), colon (HCT116) and cervical (Hela) cancers. C1a - C5a and C1b - C5b showed considerable anticancer effect. The overall anticancer effect of all these complexes was higher in liver (HepG2) and lung (H460) cancer cell lines and the effect of C2b and C3b was observed to be the highest among these 10 complexes. Therefore, we selected C2b and C3b to study their in vitro anticancer mechanism in HepG2 and H460 cancer cells. C2b and C3b changed cancer cell morphology and inhibited cell migration. The anticancer mechanistic studies demonstrated that C2b and C3b induced cell apoptosis, as evidenced by DAPI and AO/EB staining and flow cytometry analyses. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed that H460 and HepG2 cells treated with C2b and C3b significantly increased the expression of p53, p63, p21, p15, Bax and decreased Bcl-2 and c-Myc levels. The DNA binding property of these complexes was investigated by gel electrophoresis using pBR322 plasmid DNA. Taken together, the results obtained from the present study demonstrated the potentials of this new class of Pt(II) complexes in reduction of cell viability, suppression of cell migration and acceleration of apoptosis in different cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the postmodification of a diamondoid 3D supramolecular organic framework (SOF) to append [Ru(BPY)3]2+ groups through the formation of a hydrazone bond. The resulting SOF works as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for visible-light-induced reduction of aromatic azides to amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]