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In order to study the change law of mechanical characteristic parameters of the steel spherical hinge of swiveling bridges in the process of rotation, a T-shaped rigid swiveling bridge over railway is used as a research target in this paper, and a three-dimensional bridge finite element model was constructed. The process of bridge turning was numerically simulated by Ansys software(Ansys Release 16.0); the patterns of change in the upper turntable and steel spherical hinge stresses for specific rotational angles were obtained, the effect of bias loads on the stress distribution in the upper turntable and steel spherical hinge was analyzed, and the stress data of the steel spherical hinge of numerical simulation and real-time monitoring were compared. The results illustrated: During rotation, the maximum compressive stress in the upper turntable is located in the contact area with the outer edge of the upper steel spherical hinge; the maximum compressive stress in the steel spherical hinge is at the edge of its own circumference. The overall stress in the upper steel spherical hinge is slightly greater than the stress in the lower steel spherical hinge. Under the eccentricity condition, the maximum compressive stress in the steel spherical hinge increases with increasing eccentricity, and the stress concentration is more significant. The eccentric limit position of swiveling bridges is determined by the strength of the upper turntable. The monitoring method of deploying stress gauges at the steel support structure of the lower bearing platform provides a new method to obtain the stress pattern of the steel spherical hinge and even the bridge as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently become a novel and non-invasive treatment option for refractory epilepsy. Previous systematic reviews have suggested that tDCS may be effective in treating epilepsy, this study presents the first meta-analysis on its effectiveness. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from database inception to May 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included changes in seizure frequency from baseline and the proportion of patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency. Results: Of the 608 studies initially identified, 14 were finally included. The pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency (WMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Further subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy, and seizure frequency was more alleviated in studies that had treatment sessions of fewer than 5 times, and followed up within 2 months' post-treatment. Only four studies provided data on patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, showing no significant difference (RR 2.96, 95% CI 0.85, 10.32). In the systematic review, three studies analyzed cognitive function changes after tDCS treatment, but none reported significant improvements. The most common side effect during tDCS treatment was transient tingling, and no patients required additional life-support measures due to side effects. Conclusion: The current meta-analysis on available trials indicates that tDCS can effectively reduce seizure frequency in the short term and is well-tolerated. However, its impact on cognitive improvement in epilepsy patients requires further investigation. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-6-0033/, identifier INPLASY202460033. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of different shapes of hydrogen inlet ports on the behavioral characteristics of hydrogen in Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders under rapid refueling conditions, a mathematical model of hydrogen temperature rise and a three-dimensional numerical analysis model were developed. The rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, Reuleaux triangular, circular, elliptical and conical inlet ports were researched by using computational fluid dynamics methods. The results showed that, for the same refueling flow rate and cross-sectional area, the hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a rectangular inlet port is higher and the jet tilt angle is larger than for a hexagonal port, while the thermal stratification phenomenon is not obvious. The hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a triangular inlet port is lower than that with a Reuleaux triangle port and the jet tilt angle is larger, and neither has significant thermal stratification. The hydrogen temperature inside a cylinder with a circular inlet port is higher than that with an ellipse port, the jets are not tilted on either one, and the phenomenon of thermal stratification is prominent. Further analysis indicated that enlarging the cross-sectional area and increasing the refueling flow rate results in a higher hydrogen temperature and intensified thermal stratification and an upward-angled jet can effectively reduce or eliminate thermal stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensionality of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in terms of 2D and 3D, must greatly influence their properties and functionalities due to the different electronic and porous structures, but still less investigated in the 20 years history. Herein, on the basis of the imidization reaction of phthalocyanine‐based tetraanhydride monomers with either 1,4‐phenylenediamine or 1,3,5,7‐tetra(4‐aminophenyl)adamantine, 2D and 3D imide‐bonded COFs with sql and pts topology have been prepared to explore their third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In contrast to metal‐free analogues, both 2D and 3D copper‐phthalocyanine COFs have the enhanced NLO behaviors according to the open aperture Z‐scan and optical limiting (OL) results recorded under a nanosecond laser at 532 nm. In particular, 2D COFs with strong π–π staking phthalocyanine units show the NLO property with bigger third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (Imχ(3)) and unique reverse saturation absorption response at 1064 nm than that of 3D species with dispersed conjugated modules. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption spectra disclose the longer excited lifetimes of copper COFs than metal free samples, helpful in their NLO property. These findings clearly disclose the materials advantages of 2D phthalocyanine COFs toward the NLO characteristics and provide new candidates for OL application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report the testing signal of an immunochromatographic assay for on-site quantitative detection, a portable and user-friendly smartphone-based biosensing platform is developed in this study. This innovative system is composed of an ambient light sensor inherent smartphone reader and a 3D-printed handhold device, a quantitative tool capable of directly interpreting carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-conjugated immunochromatographic strips. To showcase the platform capability, the smartphone-based immunochromatography system (SPICS) reader and device were successfully used in CNP strips for rapid detection of the early pregnancy marker human chorionic gonadotropin in female urine (HCG; limit of detection [LOD]: 0.30 mIU mL−1), prostate-specific antigen in patient blood (PSA; LOD: 0.28 ng mL−1) and ampicillin residue in animal milk (AMP; LOD: 0.23 ng mL−1). The results were fully correlated with conventional commercial instruments (R2 = 0.99). The SPICS platform exhibits significant advantages, including portability, cost-effectiveness, easy operation, and rapid and quantitative detection, making it a valuable on-site diagnosis tool for use in home and community healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy. However, there is a paucity of evidence on direct comparison of ASMs. We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of all approved add‐on ASMs for the treatment of focal epilepsy using network meta‐analysis. Methods: Data through extensive literature search was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases using predefined search terms from inception through March 2023. PRISMA reporting guidelines (CRD42023403450) were followed in this study. Efficacy outcomes assessed were ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates. Patient retention rate and safety outcomes such as overall treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and individual TEAEs were assessed. "Gemtc" 4.0.4 package was used to perform Bayesian analysis. Outcomes are reported as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Literature search retrieved 5807 studies of which, 75 studies were included in the analysis. All ASMs showed significantly higher ≥50% responder rate compared with placebo. Except the ≥75% seizure frequency reduction for zonisamide (2.23; 95% CI: 1.00–5.70) and 100% for rufinamide (2.03; 95% CI: 0.54–11.00), all other interventions showed significantly higher ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared with placebo. Among treatments, significantly higher 100% responder rate was observed with cenobamate compared to eslicarbazepine (10.71; 95% CI: 1.56–323.9) and zonisamide (10.63; 95% CI: 1.37–261.2). All ASMs showed a lower patient retention rate compared to placebo, with the least significant value observed for oxcarbazepine (0.77; 95% CI: 0.7–0.84). Levetiracetam showed a lower risk of incidence (1.0; 95%CI: 0.94–1.1; SUCRA: 0.885067) for overall TEAE compared with other medications. Significance: All approved ASMs were effective as add‐on treatment for focal epilepsy. Of the ASMs included, cenobamate had the greatest likelihood of allowing patients to attain seizure freedom. Plain Language Summary: This article compares the efficacy and safety of antiseizure medications (ASMs) currently available to neurologists in the treatment of epileptic patients. Several newer generation ASMs that have been developed may be as effective or better than the older medications. We included 75 studies in the analysis. In comparison, all drugs improved ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared to control, except for Zonisamide and Rufinamide in the ≥75% and 100% responder rate categories. Retention of patients undergoing treatment was lower in drugs than placebo. All drugs were tolerated, the levetiracetam showed the best tolerability. Cenobamate more likely help completely to reduce seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]