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The characteristics of sea ice leads (SILs) in the Weddell Sea are an important basis for understanding the mechanism of the atmosphere–ocean system in the Southern Ocean. In this study, we derived the sea ice surface temperature (IST) of the Weddell Sea from MODIS thermal images and then generated a daily SIL map for 2015 and 2022 by utilizing the iterative threshold method on the optimised MOD35 cloud-masked IST. The results showed that SIL variations in the Weddell Sea presented remarkable seasonal characteristics. The trend of the SIL area exhibited an initial rise followed by a decline from January to December, characterised by lower values in spring and summer and higher values in fall and winter. SILs in the Weddell Sea were predominantly concentrated between 70~78°S and 60~30°W. The coastal spatial distribution density of the SILs exceeded that of offshore regions, peaking near the Antarctic Peninsula and then near Queen Maud Land. The SIL variation was mainly influenced by dynamical factors, and there were strong positive correlations between the wind field, ocean currents, and sea-ice motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacies and safety of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) remains controversial, and long‐term clinical efficacies in particular need to be explored. This study is designed accordingly, therefore, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, OVID, and SinoMed for literature, regardless of publication date or language. Taking 12 months after operation as the shortest limit, the outcome measures were extracted, including visual analog scale (VAS), Oswetry dysfunction index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, intervertebral disk height (IDH), foraminal height (FH), lumbar lordosis (LL), segment lordosis (SL), slip ratio, and incidence of surgical complications. Meta‐analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0, and results were expressed with MD and 95% CI, and two‐sided p‐values with p < 0.05 being statistically significant. In total, 17 clinical studies (n = 689 patients) were screened, with an average patient age of 63.4 years. Our study revealed that VAS decreased by 4.55 (low back pain) and 5.46 (leg pain) points, respectively. And ODI score decreased by an average of 33.82% while JOA score increased by an average of 11.56 points. In terms of imaging indicators, mean IDH and FH increased by 4.18 and 4.91 mm, mean LL and SL improved by 9.22° and 2.46°, respectively. Besides, mean slip ratio decreased by 10.45%. The incidence of complications was statistically analyzed in 18 studies, with a rate of 4%–54% and an overall incidence of 19%. To sum up, our study was the first to focus on the long‐term efficacies of OLIF treatment for DLS, and to provide further clinical evidence. However, long‐term follow‐up multicenter randomized controlled trials are still needed for further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantification of the spatial variability and long‐term changes of Arctic sea ice motion is important for understanding the mechanisms of rapid Arctic sea ice decline because sea ice motion determines ice mass advection, outflow, thickness redistribution, as well as the formation of leads and ridges associated with ice deformation. The spatiotemporal changes in Arctic sea ice motion between 1979 and 2019 and their responses to atmospheric forcing were analysed using satellite‐derived sea ice motion products and atmospheric reanalysis data. The pan‐Arctic average sea ice drift speed increased significantly for all seasons between 1979 and 2019 (p <.001). Rates of increase were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Spatially, rates of increase in the peripheral seas in the Pacific sector—the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian Seas—were higher than in the central Arctic Ocean and the peripheral seas in the Atlantic sector—the Kara and Laptev Seas. On the contrary, Arctic wind speed increased significantly only in autumn (p <.01). However, the correlation between wind speed and ice speed was the lowest in this season, suggesting that wind forcing is unable to completely account for drift speed increase. In general, the trends in above‐average drift speeds—retrieved from grid cells with the relatively high drift speeds—were statistically significant and were larger than that in average drift speeds probably because of enhanced response of ice motion to extreme wind forcing. The influence of the Arctic Oscillation, Beaufort High, and North Atlantic Oscillation on the zonal ice speed was symmetrical between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Arctic Ocean, while the influence of the Dipole Anomaly and the east–west surface air pressure gradient in central Arctic on the meridional ice speed was distributed in an annular pattern and was the strongest along the Transpolar Drift Stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a study which details the physiologic influences of homocysteine to cerebrovascular diseases. Methodology of the study; Physiologic action of homocysteine; Discussion on the results of the study.

Determines whether nitric oxide (NO) produced by an isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) contributed to ischemic brain damage. Effect of aminoguanidine or arginine on infarct volume and cerebral constitutive isoforms of NOS activity; Effect of aminoguanidine on NOS activity in the area of infarction; Cerebrospinal effects of aminoguanidine.