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4. Extended p-median problems for balancing service efficiency and equality

Author

Kong, Yunfeng, Lian, Chenchen, Zhang, Guangli, and Zhai, Shiyan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, 90C27, J.6
Abstract

This article deals with the location problem for balancing the service efficiency and equality. In public service systems, some individuals may experience envy if they have to travel longer distances to access services compared to others. This envy can be simplified by comparing an individual's travel distance to a service facility against a threshold distance. Four extended p-median problems are proposed, utilizing the total travel distance and total envy to balance service efficiency and spatial equality. The new objective function is designed to be inequity-averse and exhibits several analytical properties that pertain to both service efficiency and equality. The extended problems were extensively tested on two sets of benchmark instances and one set of geographical instances. The experimentation shows that the equality measures, such as the standard deviation, mean absolute deviation, and Gini coefficient between travel distances, can be substantially improved by slightly increasing the travel distance. Additionally, the advantages of the proposed problems were validated through Pareto optimality analysis and comparisons with other location problems., Comment: 50 pages, 4 tables, 5 figures

Published
2023

33. Azithromycin Effectiveness in Children with Mutated Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Author

Cheng,Jie, Liu,Ya, Zhang,Guangli, Tan,Liping, Luo,Zhengxiu, Cheng,Jie, Liu,Ya, Zhang,Guangli, Tan,Liping, and Luo,Zhengxiu

Abstract

Jie Cheng,1,* Ya Liu,2,* Guangli Zhang,3 Liping Tan,1 Zhengxiu Luo3 1Department of Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Youyoubaobei Women and Children’s Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhengxiu Luo, Email luozhengxiu816@hospital.cqmu.edu.cnObjective: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is highly resistant to macrolides in China. However, macrolides still exhibit clinical effectiveness in some macrolide-resistant patients. We tend to explore azithromycin effectiveness in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children with A2063/2064G mutation.Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University. Children with macrolide-resistant mutations (A2063/2064G) diagnosed as MPP were retrospectively enrolled. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate and identify independent risk factors for treatment failure (progress to refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia [RMPP]) in macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MUMPP) children with the A2063/2064G mutation.Results: One hundred fifty-five

Published
2024

40. Azithromycin Effectiveness in Children with Mutated Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia.

Author

Cheng, Jie, Liu, Ya, Zhang, Guangli, Tan, Liping, and Luo, Zhengxiu

Subjects
MYCOPLASMA pneumoniae infections, MYCOPLASMA pneumoniae, BRONCHIOLITIS obliterans, LOGISTIC regression analysis, RECEIVER operating characteristic curves
Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is highly resistant to macrolides in China. However, macrolides still exhibit clinical effectiveness in some macrolide-resistant patients. We tend to explore azithromycin effectiveness in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children with A2063/2064G mutation. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Children's Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University. Children with macrolide-resistant mutations (A2063/2064G) diagnosed as MPP were retrospectively enrolled. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate and identify independent risk factors for treatment failure (progress to refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia [RMPP]) in macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MUMPP) children with the A2063/2064G mutation. Results: One hundred fifty-five children were retrospectively enrolled. More than 20% (36/155, 23.23%) of patients experienced defervescence within 3 days of azithromycin treatment. RMPP was diagnosed in 54 patients (54/155, 34.84%) and the incidence of RMPP during hospitalization was 22.72 per 1000 person-days. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 399 (U/L) was an independent risk factor for RMPP (odds ratio [OR] 4.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31– 17.10, P=0.017). During the year followed, RMPP patients had a significantly higher incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiectasis than non-RMPP patients (16.67% vs 1.98%, P=0.001; 9.26% vs 0.00%, P=0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Azithromycin was effective in children with MPP with the A2063/2064G mutation. For MUMPP children with A2063/2064G mutation, children with LDH ≥ 399 (U/L) had significant higher risk for progression to RMPP, and should consider to be treated with alternative antibiotics (eg tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Essays in Applied Behavioral Economics

Author

Zhang, Guangli

Subjects
Economics, Debt Repayment, Tipping, Unemployment Insurance
Abstract

This dissertation consists of three essays that investigate how the interaction of psychological and institutional factors shape individuals' daily decisions in the fields of labor economics and household finance. The essays use a combination of quasi-experimental and experimental approaches. The common theme under this research agenda is to first investigate the potential mechanisms for household behaviors that seem to be inconsistent with neoclassical theory and then use my findings to inform behaviorally motivated policy recommendations. The first essay presents new evidence on how UI (Unemployment Insurance) benefit pay frequencies affect the job search behaviors of UI claimants in the United States. By exploiting quasi-experimental variations in states' benefit pay schedules, the essay find that switching from biweekly to weekly pay significantly increases UI claimants' unemployment durations. This observed effect can be partly rationalized by the more frequent end-of-the-month positive benefit shocks under weekly pay schedules. The essay concludes that the previously overlooked policy parameter, benefit pay frequency, has important effects on the job search behaviors of UI claimants.The second essay, based on joint work with Hakan Ozyilmaz, studies the sources of suboptimal allocations observed in credit card repayments using a diagnostic laboratory experiment. The essay shows that optimization ability and limited attention are jointly insufficient to explain the puzzle. Moving beyond existing results, the essay documents that the inherent negative frame of the debt payment problem interferes with subjects' ability to optimize and hinders learning. The essays shows that subjects predominantly rely on the irrelevant balance information while forming their decisions, regardless of how vividly the balance information is displayed. Using additional treatments, The essay finds that the debt frame increases subjects' focus on the irrelevant balance information. The third essay, based on a joint work with Jeffrey Cross, explores customers' preferences toward leaving integer tips in the context of taxi rides. With the advent of cashless payment systems, customers are increasingly being presented convenient, low-stake tip suggestions following purchases. Despite the rising frequency of these interactions, we still know little about the preferences underlying tipping behavior. Previous research, for example, has documented that customers tend to tip integer amounts, but has not been able to disentangle if this is due to smaller cognitive costs associated with tipping an integer amount or direct utility benefits from integer tips. Combining a theoretical model with plausibly exogenous variation in the occurrence of integer tip suggestions, the essay shows that customers' behaviors are consistent with a model where they experience direct utility benefits from giving integer tips. The essay estimates that this leads to a 0.6 percentage point increase in tip rates and an approximately 2.38 million dollars transfer from riders to drivers as a result of a 2012 rate fare change that increased the probability of integer tip suggestions.

Published
2021

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