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Enhanced plasticity is obtained in a structurally rejuvenated Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) that has been treated via cryogenic thermal cycling (CTC) for one hundred cycles. More than one primary shear band is activated due to the structural rejuvenation, which can inhibit the jerky and system-spanning propagation of shear bands to generate sluggish shear-dynamics. These are mapped to the slip statistics, including the decreased critical avalanche size, the much longer avalanche duration of large (system-spanning) slips, and a great number of small avalanches. Moreover, the universal scaling of slip avalanches for three applied stress ranges is addressed to predict the applied stress at which the failure avalanche appears most. These results indicate that slip statistics can be the fingerprints to show how much the BMG is rejuvenated, and the failure avalanche provides a good opportunity to intervene in the failure of BMGs in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnolol (MG) and Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. oil (BJO) possess synergetic anti-tumor effects, but have poor water solubility and stability, which results in low oral bioavailability. The MG loaded self-microemulsion drug delivery system (MG-SMDDS) with BJO as oil phase component was utilized to improve the cellular uptake and synergetic anti-tumor effects. Compatibility study and pseudoternary phase diagram (PTPD) were respectively employed to screen for the composition and proportion of oil phase in the formulation. Central composite design-effect surface method was applied to optimize proportion of each formulation condition. The droplet size, ζ-potential, colloid stability, encapsulation rate (ER) and in vitro dissolution rate of MG-SMDDS were evaluated. Furthermore, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the microemulsion on HepG2 cells were assessed. The optimal composition of MG-SMDDS was: MG (9.09%), castor oil (7.40%), BJO (2.47%), Cremophor EL 35 (54.04%) and 1, 2-propanediol (27.01%). The MG-SMDDS exhibited satisfactory droplet size, ζ-potential, colloid stability and ER, as well as faster dissolution rate than free MG. More importantly, SMEDDS containing BJO could enhance the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of free BJO and free MG on tumor cells. The BJO self-microemulsion delivery technique can provide an idea for design of oral delivery vehicles based on BJO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to investigating the boundedness, continuity and compactness for variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Morrey spaces and Besov spaces. More precisely, we establish the boundedness for the variation operators of singular integrals with rough kernels Ω ∈ Lq(Sn−1) (q > 1) and their commutators on Morrey spaces as well as the compactness for the above commutators on Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces. In addition, we present a criterion on the boundedness and continuity for a class of variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Besov spaces. As applications, we obtain the boundedness and continuity for the variation operators of Hilbert transform, Hermit Riesz transform, Riesz transforms and rough singular integrals as well as their commutators on Besov spaces.