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The layered IVV 2 Te 4 -based compounds have recently received significant attention due to their intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivities. However, the influence of microstructure regulation and halogen doping on their thermoelectric properties has been scarcely studied. In this work, we systematically investigated the anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties of pristine SnSb 2 Te 4 compounds with varied microstructures manipulated by ball milling. With the help of thermoelectric transport models, the optimal ball milling time is estimated based on the calculation of quality factor. Furthermore, the remarkably improved Seebeck coefficient is achieved by the introduction of halogen elements into Te sites, which is attributed to reduced carrier concentration and converged carrier pockets. As a result, a maximal zT ∼0.4 at 725 K is achieved in SnSb 2 (Te 0·94 I 0.06) 4 sample aligned with the SPS pressure direction with a ball-milling time of 1 h, which demonstrates a 35 % enhancement over the pristine sample. This work provides an insightful guide to elevate the thermoelectric properties of layered IVVI 2 Te 4 -based compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependent tasks are typically modeled using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and scheduling algorithms based on DAGs have been extensively researched. Most of the existing algorithms assume that the task or communication duration is deterministic. Nevertheless, any delays in task execution or communication can significantly affect the scheduling results. Aiming at minimizing the DAGs' makespan, a heuristic algorithms called heterogeneous optimistic complete time (HOCT) is proposed. The algorithm assumes that the task characteristic values are modeled randomly. It calculates task priorities based on the acceleration ratio and allocates computing resources using an optimistic execution timetable. Then, a Monte-Carlo simulation-based scheduling algorithm which built on the top of HOCT is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better makespan of the stochastic DAG. It also provides a more robust scheduling solution to unpredictability than critical-path-on-a-processor, heterogeneous earliest finish time-no cross and parental prioritization earliest finish time algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of eco-friendly multifunctional dextran microbeads are synthesized for multiplexed assays. [Display omitted] There has been an increasing demand for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in one sample. Microbead-based platforms have been developed for multiplexed assays. However, most of the microbeads are made of non-biodegradable synthetic polymers, leading to environmental and human health concerns. In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly dextran microbeads as a new type of multi-analyte assay platform. Biodegradable dextran was utilized as the primary material. Highly uniform magnetic dextran microspheres were successfully synthesized using the Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. To enhance the amount of surface functional groups for ligand conjugation, we coated the dextran microbeads with a layer of dendrimers via a simple electrostatic adsorption process. Subsequently, a unique and efficient click chemistry coupling technique was developed for the fluorescence encoding of the microspheres, enabling multiplexed detection. The dextran microbeads were tested for 3-plex cytokine analysis, and exhibited excellent biocompatibility, stable coding signals, low background noise and high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide additives (PAs) are auxiliary ingredients added to the pesticide manufacturing and use processes, constituting 1% to 99% of the pesticide and often composed of benzene and chlorinated hydrocarbons. We selected three typical PAs, toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene, to evaluate their retention function toxicity and ecological risk in soil. Soil immobilization techniques and aquatic model organisms were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the immobilized soil method to determine the ecological risk of chemicals. The 48‐h median lethal concentrations of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene alone in spiked soil on Daphnia magna were 10.5, 2.3, and 1.1 mg/L (medium, high, and high toxicity, respectively). The toxicity of the three‐PA mixtures showed an antagonistic effect. The risk levels of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene in the soil were evaluated as moderate to high, low to high, and high risk, respectively. The toxicity of two pesticide‐contaminated sites in the Yangtze River Delta before and after remediation was successfully evaluated by immobilized soil technology. The toxicity of two soil sampling points was reduced from medium toxic to low toxic and no toxic, respectively, after remediation. The results of our study give a rationale for and prove the validity of the aquatic model organisms and soil immobilization techniques in assessing the soil retention functions toxicity of PAs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1677–1689. © 2024 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the impact of mineralized dentin matrix (MDM) on the prognosis on bone regeneration and migration of retained roots after coronectomy. Materials and methods: Patients were divided into three groups based on the type of bone graft after coronectomy: Group C (n = 20, collagen), Group T (n = 20, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) + collagen), and Group D (n = 20, MDM + collagen). CBCT scans, conducted immediately and 6 months after surgery, were analyzed using digital software. Primary outcomes, including changes in bone defect depth and retained root migration distance, were evaluated 6 months after surgery. Results: After 6 months, both Groups D and T exhibited greater reduction of the bone defect and lesser retained root migration than Group C (p < 0.001). Group D had greater regenerated bone volume in the distal 2 mm (73 mm3 vs. 57 mm3, p = 0.011) and lesser root migration (2.18 mm vs. 2.96 mm, p < 0.001) than Group T. The proportion of completely bone embedded retained roots was also greater in Group D than in Group C (70.0% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.003). Conclusions: MDM is an appropriate graft material for improving bone defect healing and reducing retained root migration after coronectomy. Clinical relevance: MDM is an autogenous material prepared chairside, which can significantly improve bone healing and reduce the risk of retained root re-eruption. MDM holds promise as a routine bone substitute material after M3M coronectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Organic difluoroboron complexes are a kind of potential platforms for a wide range of applications owing to their excellent photophysical properties. Herein, we have explored a simple and direct synthesis methodology for a library of N,O‐bidentate difluoroboron complexes from quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and ketones in one shot. The photophysical properties of the generated complexes were evaluated and the application potential of these compounds on subcellular imaging was also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol is a bioactive polyphenolic compound mainly present in grapes and red wine. It is known to exert beneficial effects in various experimental settings, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immunoregulatory. Accumulating evidence suggests these health benefits might be, at least partially, attributed to resveratrol's role in protecting the intestinal barrier, regulating the gut microbiome, and inhibiting intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this review is to examine the bioactivities of resveratrol in disease prevention and health promotion from the standpoint of regulating the gut microbiome. The article aims to provide additional insight into the potential applications of resveratrol in the food and nutraceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Saccharomyces cerevisiae CECA was a potential indigenous Chinese wine yeast that can produce aroma and flavor in Cabernet Sauvignon wines. High‐throughput sequencing combined with metabolite analysis was applied to analyze the effects of CECA inoculation on the native microbial community interaction and metabolism during Cabernet Sauvignon wine fermentation.Fermentations were performed with three different inoculant strategies: spontaneous fermentation without inoculation, inoculation with CECA after grape must sterilization, and direct inoculation of CECA. Results showed that the diversity of bacteria (P = 0.033) is more sensitive to CECA inoculation than fungi (P = 0.563). In addition, CECA inoculation altered the species composition of core microorganisms (relative abundance >1%) and the keystone species (accounting for the top 1% of the most important interactions), as well as of the biomarkers (linear discriminant analysis > 3.0, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the inoculation could change the cluster of metabolites, and these differential metabolite sets were correlated with four fungal taxa of Issatchenkia, Issatchenkia orientalis, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetes and two bacterial taxa of Pantoea, Tatumella ptyseos, were significantly correlated. Inoculated fermentation also altered the correlation between dominant microorganisms and aroma compounds, giving Cabernet Sauvignon wines more herbal, floral, fruity, and cheesy aromas.Saccharomyces cerevisiae CECA and dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) inhibition treatments significantly altered the microbial community structure of Cabernet Sauvignon wines, which in turn affected the microbial‐metabolite correlation. These findings will help winemakers to control the microbial dynamics and functions during wine fermentation, and be more widely used in regional typical wine fermentations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysubstituted acrylamides are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules and natural products. However, synthetic methods for the assembly of these important motifs remain underdeveloped. Herein, we report the expedient synthesis of structurally diverse and synthetically challenging polysubstituted acrylamides from readily available aromatic amines, cyclopropenones (CpOs), and aryl halides via the synergistic merging of nucleophilic phosphine-mediated amidation and palladium-catalyzed C–H arylation. The reaction is scalable, and some obtained acrylamides proved to be solid state luminogens with obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, demonstrating the synthetic potential in drug discovery and material development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize the Chinese medical and health system and improve people's health level, the SFA Malmquist model, the spatial econometric model, and the standard deviation ellipse method were used to measure the efficiency of medical and health services in China's 31 provinces between 2010 and 2020. Study results indicated that the average efficiency value of the 31 provinces generally exceeded 0.8. Specifically, the average efficiency values in the eastern and central regions increased from 0.852 to 0.875 and from 0.858 to 0.88, respectively. In the western and northeastern regions, these values rose from 0.804 to 0.835 and from 0.827 to 0.854, respectively. From the perspective of spatial distribution, there were high-high and low-low clusters in most provinces with significant spatial dependence among them. This analysis reveals that medical and health services efficiency in China demonstrates a spatial pattern extending from northeast to southwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the surge in network traffic, the homogenization of short video content is becoming increasingly prominent, resulting in low-quality entertainment due to proliferation and infringement. Therefore, recognizing visual homogeneity in short videos is of great significance. Considering the extremely similar dynamic evolution in specific regions from intra and inter-frames, introducing region-aware attention is attractive to achieve homogenization recognition. Therefore, we propose a region-aware spatiotemporal Transformer (RaSTFormer) for visual homogenization recognition, including: (1) a region-aware Transformer encoder is designed to extract multi-region frame-level features from short videos; (2) a multi-layer spatiotemporal Transformer decoder is used to aggregate multi-region frame-level features, generating shot-level spatiotemporal features; and (3) measuring symmetric shot-level chamfer similarity to recognize visual homogeneous content. Specially, we established a real-world video homogenization dataset, BJUT-HCD, and conducted extensive experiments. The proposed RaSTFormer achieved the highest mean average precision (mAP) of 98.13% and a top-1 accuracy of 99.37%, outperforming SOTA methods. The results show that our method achieves competitive performance in visual homogenization recognition in short videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThree new prenylated C6–C3 compounds (1–3), together with two known prenylated C6–C3 compounds (4–5) and one known C6–C3 derivative (6), were isolated from the roots of Illicium brevistylum A. C. Smith. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, CD experiments and ECD calculations. The structure of illibrefunone A (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated in terms of their anti-inflammatory potential on nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages and murine BV2 microglial cells, antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2). Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 20.57 and 12.87 μM respectively, which were greater than those of dexamethasone (positive control). Compounds 1 and 4–6 exhibited weak activity against Coxsackievirus B3, with IC50 values ranging from 25.87 to 33.33 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleaning control based on changes in cleaning loss rate and impurity rate has emerged as a hot topic in the research on intelligent control for rice and wheat combined harvesters. However, numerous operation parameters can lead to deviations beyond the normal range of cleaning loss rate and impurity rate. The impact of cleaning control parameters in rice and wheat combined harvesters on cleaning loss rate and impurity rate often tends to be contradictory. How to combine different contradictory cleaning control strategies to get a more widely used and better cleaning control strategy is a hot issue in the current cleaning control research. In this paper, the granularity of quotient space is introduced into the cleaning control based on operation parameters, and a cleaning control model based on granularity synthesis theory is proposed. This method first constructs a knowledge base for intelligent control of cleaning tailored to the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate using production rule representation, and considers that these control strategies constitute different quotient spaces, and then organizes these quotient spaces according to granularity synthesis theory to get the cleaning control strategy. The experimental results verify that the validity of the cleaning control based on granular computing is better than fuzzy control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating implant prepared by laser cladding exhibits good biological activity due to its chemical composition similar to biological bone, the original surface roughness of the laser-clad coating is high, which is unfavorable for long-term cell adhesion and proliferation. In order to improve the biological activity of HA coating implants and increase the adhesion and proliferation rate of osteoblasts on their surface, microtextures with different length-diameter ratios and depth gradients were prepared on the HA coating surface by nanosecond laser with reference to the microscopic morphology characteristics of the biological bone surface. By investigating the effects of microtexture aspect ratio and depth gradient on osteoblast adhesion characteristics, it was found that bone-like microtextures better controlled and simulated cell-material surface interactions. The geometric morphology of microtextured bone with a wide front end and narrow rear end and a depth gradient from front to back was an important signal for osteoblast proliferation. When the aspect ratio of bone microtexture was 2.5:1 and the maximum depth gradient was 15.7 μm, osteoblasts within the microtexture showed optimal growth, proliferation, and adhesion. Additionally, due to induction by microtexture contour shape and depth gradient morphology, cell morphology showed varying adhesion morphology from the front to the back of the microtexture. The results demonstrated that HA coatings with bone-like microtextures had superior osteoblast proliferation and adhesion properties compared to the original cladded coating surface, beneficial for enhancing the application of HA-coated bone implants in large segment bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanodrones are insect-sized drones that could fly in complex environments and confined spaces, and act as an emerging tool for covert surveillance and intelligence attacks, which would become a potential threat to national security. Radar has the advantage of wide range, all-day, and all-weather detection ability, making it a means of detecting such threat. First, this paper introduces a pertinent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter-wave (MMW) radar system, with the advantages of low cost and high accuracy. It is utilized to detect three targets: nanodrone, small helicopter, and mechanical bird, through which more detailed features can be obtained. Then, the echo data of the three targets are processed and analyzed, and their distinct micro-Doppler characteristics were obtained. Finally, the Radar Transformer target classification network is used to classify and identify the targets. It has been confirmed that desired results could be achieved through the above process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Positive assortative mating (AM) in several neuropsychiatric traits, including autism, has been noted. However, it is unknown whether the pattern of AM is different in phenotypically defined autism subgroups [e.g., autism with and without intellectually disability (ID)]. It is also unclear what proportion of the phenotypic AM can be explained by the genetic similarity between parents of children with an autism diagnosis, and the consequences of AM on the genetic structure of the population. Methods: To address these questions, we analyzed two family-based autism collections: the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) (1575 families) and the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) (2283 families). Results: We found a similar degree of phenotypic and ancestry-related AM in parents of children with an autism diagnosis regardless of the presence of ID. We did not find evidence of AM for autism based on autism polygenic scores (PGS) (at a threshold of |r|> 0.1). The adjustment of ancestry-related AM or autism PGS accounted for only 0.3–4% of the fractional change in the estimate of the phenotypic AM. The ancestry-related AM introduced higher long-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on different chromosomes that are highly ancestry-informative compared to SNPs that are less ancestry-informative (D2 on the order of 1 × 10−5). Limitations: We only analyzed participants of European ancestry, limiting the generalizability of our results to individuals of non-European ancestry. SPARK and SSC were both multicenter studies. Therefore, there could be ancestry-related AM in SPARK and SSC due to geographic stratification. The study participants from each site were unknown, so we were unable to evaluate for geographic stratification. Conclusions: This study showed similar patterns of AM in autism with and without ID, and demonstrated that the common genetic influences of autism are likely relevant to both autism groups. The adjustment of ancestry-related AM and autism PGS accounted for < 5% of the fractional change in the estimate of the phenotypic AM. Future studies are needed to evaluate if the small increase of long-range LD induced by ancestry-related AM has impact on the downstream analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing the integration of nonliving and living components relies heavily on functional hydrogel materials with biocompatibility and customizability. In this study, an enzyme‐assisted surface activation method is developed to produce reactive hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) comprising thiolated hyaluronic acid and hyperbranched poly(β‐hydrazide esters). Fluorescence labeling analysis reveals an over six‐fold increase in surface‐active functional group density on the hydrogels and three‐fold on HMPs after enzyme activation. This enhancement improves accessibility of active elements, facilitating post‐functionalization and optimizing their capacity to support initial cell adhesion and spreading as carriers for cell cultures. Additionally, by utilizing the exposed reactive double bonds on the HMP surfaces post‐enzymatic treatment, thiolated HMPs are produced through a thiol‐ene coupling reaction with thiolated polymers. These thiolated HMPs bond together spontaneously, resulting in the formation of annealed granular hydrogels with interconnected large‐pore networks and a tunable storage modulus (G’) from tens to hundreds of pascals, compatible with most soft tissues. Integrated with 3D bioprinting, this hydrogel ink generates prints that foster cell adhesion, migration, growth, and network formation. Moving forward, integrating various granular hydrogel scaffold systems with the enzyme‐assisted activation technique holds significant promise for enhancing performance and expanding applications in regenerative medicine and innovative living materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions The gingival mucosal barrier, an important oral cavity barrier, plays a significant role in preventing pathogenic microorganism invasion and maintaining periodontal tissue health. Pathogenic microorganism invasion of the gingival mucosa produces a large number of cytokines. Among them, pyroptosis is an important player in exacerbating immune‐inflammatory responses, leading to tissue destruction. However, the mechanism of pyroptosis and the immune response it triggers have not been fully elucidated. We provide an overview of recent advances in understanding gingival physical barrier pyroptosis and inflammation‐induced hyperimmunity.PubMed, Web of Science databases were searched for articles, reviews, and clinical studies published until March 2024.We summarised the importance of the gingival barrier in terms of the functions of different cells, described the progress in research on gingival epithelial cell and gingival fibroblast pyroptosis and the immune‐inflammatory response it induces, and discussed the relationship between pyroptosis and systemic diseases, association of multiple cell death systems. Finally, we propose future directions for pyroptosis research.Pyroptosis often triggers a range of inflammatory immune responses that lead to associated diseases. Therefore, further study of the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and the immune responses is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose Experimental Approach Key Results Conclusion and Implications Silibinin is used to treat non‐alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) despite having rapid liver metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the role of the intestine in silibinin mechanism of action.NAFLD mice model was established by feeding them with a high‐fat diet (HFD). Liver pathological were examined using H&E and oil red O staining. Tissue distribution of silibinin was detected by LC–MS/MS. SiRNA was employed for gene silencing and plasmid was used for gene overexpression. ChIP‐qPCR assay was performed to detect the levels of histone acetylation. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus 9‐short hairpin‐fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐15 and ‐farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) were used to knockdown expression of FGF‐15 and FXR.Oral silibinin significantly reversed NAFLD in mice, although liver concentration was insufficient for reduction of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Among endogenous factors capable of reversing NAFLD, the expression of Fgf‐15 was selectively up‐regulated by silibinin in ileum and colon of mice. When intestinal expression of Fgf‐15 was knocked down, protection of silibinin against lipid accumulation and injury of livers nearly disappeared. Silibinin could reduce activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), enhance histone acetylation in the promoter region of FXR and consequently increase intestinal expression of FGF‐15/19.Oral silibinin selectively promotes expression of FGF‐15/19 in ileum by enhancing transcription of FXR via reduction of HDAC2 activity, and FGF‐15/19 enters into circulation to exert anti‐NAFLD action. As the site of action is the intestine this would explain the discrepancy between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of silibinin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of perovskite cells closely relies on the quality of films, leading to a special focus on crystallization manipulation and defect control. In this study, a novel approach using 1D metal‐free perovskites, specifically DABCO‐NH4Cl3, is proposed to facilitate the crystallization process of 3D FAPbI3 perovskites, while simultaneously addressing surface defects. Analysis of crystallization kinetics reveals that the introduction of 1D metal‐free perovskites provides numerous nucleation sites, effectively slowing down crystal growth rates and resulting in the formation of uniform, large‐grain perovskite films. Furthermore, the organic groups present in 1D perovskites play a crucial role in passivating defects within the perovskite structure. The synergistic impact of these factors enables the perovskite to achieve an efficiency of 24.72% while demonstrating exceptional stability. This research offers a promising approach for controlling perovskite crystallization, leading to the development of high‐efficiency and stable perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of soil nutrient content is a fundamental factor affecting changes in soil quality, influencing the growth conditions and yield levels of crops. The practicality of combining visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) may give an alternative to soil physicochemical examination in the laboratory, which is laborious and contaminative. A total of 394 Ferralsols soil samples were gathered from navel orange orchards located in the province of Jiangxi, China. To enhance the spectrum information, the spectra were preprocessed using five different techniques, including lg(1/R), multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate), detrending and Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Four variable selection algorithms—competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, successive projections algorithm, random frog, and genetic algorithm – were combined with three multivariate methods—partial least squares regression, multiple linear regression, and least squares support vector machine. The most efficient strategy combines LSSVM calibration methods with GA and lg(1/R) preprocessing. It generates values for the determination coefficient of prediction, root mean square error of prediction, and residual predictive deviation that are as follows: 0.8948, 0.1597, and 3.0949, respectively, for SOM; and 0.9129, 0.0021, and 3.4014, respectively, for TN. The results indicate that this method can accurately determine the SOM and TN in agricultural land soil, facilitating the timely adjustment of soil management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this preliminary investigation into the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia was to screen the differential proteins in the serum of pregnant women with normal pregnancy and early‐onset pre‐eclampsia using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), so as to identify serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia. Methods: We examined the peripheral serum of 58 normal pregnant women and 42 pregnant women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia using iTRAQ; the differentially expressed proteins were screened for bioinformatics analysis; and the expression of candidate proteins human leukocyte antigen‐1 (HLA‐1) and β2‐microglobulin (β2M) in placental tissues was detected using western blot. Results: We identified a total of 63 differential proteins in the serum of patients from the normal control group and the pre‐eclampsia group, and this included 24 up‐regulated proteins and 39 down‐regulated proteins. The western blot results of placental tissue showed reduced HLA‐1 expression (1.12 ± 0.23) in the placenta in the pre‐eclampsia group as compared with the normal control group (1.34 ± 0.22). Consistent with the results observed in the serum, β2M in the placenta in the pre‐eclampsia group was significantly elevated (1.05 ± 0.47) in comparison with the normal group (0.75 ± 0.33) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we found that iTRAQ technology was useful for identifying differentially expressed proteins in the peripheral serum of pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, and that HLA‐1 and β2M, which may be involved in the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia, show promise as predictive markers of pre‐eclampsia. Synopsis: This study used iTRAQ to identify differential proteins in pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, indicating HLA‐1 and β2M as potential predictive markers for early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current studies lack adequate analysis of the antecedents of the two forms of work-related rumination. However, understanding the relationship between different types of stress and the two forms of rumination is of profound significance for eliminating the influence of negative rumination. In this project, three studies were conducted to investigate the cumulative and immediate effects of challenge and hindrance stress on affective rumination and problem-solving rumination based on one-time, two-time points and daily measurements. Participants were 1109, 605 and 111 employees from a variety of jobs in Chinese mainland. The results showed the relationship between hindrance stress and affective rumination varies over different time course. There was no significant correlation between hindrance stress and problem-solving rumination over any time course. The relationship between challenge stress and two forms of work-related rumination varies over different time course. The results of this study suggest that the antecedent analysis of work-related rumination should not only give attention to the type of work stress, but also consider the time of work stress when analyzing its aftereffects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Preserving the ileocecal valve (ICV) has shown significant benefits. We present our experience with 18 infants who underwent ileocecal valve-preservation ileocecostomy (IVPI) with an extremely short distal ileum after primary ileostomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on IVPI cases between 2014 and 2020. Medical records were reviewed, including birth weight, age, primary diseases, length of ileus stump, surgical time and procedure, time to enteral feeding, postoperative hospital stay, and complications. Results: Eighteen patients (male: female = 12:6, median birth weight 1305 (750–4000) g, median gestational age 29 + 5 (27 + 6–39 + 6) weeks) were included in the analysis. Causes of surgery included necrotizing enterocolitis (13), ileocecal intestinal atresia (1), ileum volvulus (2), meconium peritonitis (1), and secondary intestinal fistula (1). The median corrected age of ileostomy closure was 3.2 months (2.0–8.0 months). The distance from the distal ileal stoma to the ICV ranged from 0.5 to 2 cm. The median length of the residual bowel was 90 cm (50–130 cm). ICV-plasty was performed in 3 cases due to secondary ICV occlusion or stenosis. All patients resumed feeding within 6 to 11 days after surgery. The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 12 to 108 days (median: 16.5 days). Complications included incisional infections in 2 cases, anastomotic stricture and adhesive ileus in 1 case, nosocomial sepsis and septic shock in 1 case. All children showed normal growth and development during a 6–65 month follow-up. Conclusions: IVPI is safe and feasible for infants with an extremely short distal ileal stump. ICV-plasty could be applicable for cases with ileocecal occlusion/stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent control has become an important research direction of a combine harvester. However, the impact of cleaning control parameters in rice–wheat combine harvesters on cleaning loss rate and impurity rate often tends to be contradictory. In this paper, an intelligent controlling model based on multi-objective optimization particle swarm (MOPSO) was constructed to solve this problem. The control model can real-time monitor the cleaning performance such as the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate and regulate the cleaning operation conditions such as the angle of the air distributor plate, the opening of the upper sieve and the fan speed. The field operation experiment of 10kg feeding rice–wheat combine harvester proves that the control model based on MOPSO is more effective than the model based on fuzzy control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the panorama of therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases, oral upadacitinib stands out for its potential to improve short-term and long-term patient outcomes. Objective: This meta-analysis aspires to collate and assess the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in managing moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted using studies sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, published from January 2010 to March 2024. Peer-reviewed articles that reported data on the effects of upadacitinib in adult patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were included based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Eight studies, encompassing a total of 2818 patients treated with upadacitinib, were included. In primary outcomes, for patients with Crohn's disease who were using upadacitinib, the weighted pooled clinical remission rate was found to be 45.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.52), while for patients with ulcerative colitis who were using upadacitinib, the rate was 25.4% (95% CI 0.17–0.36). The pooled clinical response rate for Crohn's disease was 53.6% (95% CI 0.50–0.57), and for ulcerative colitis it was 72.6% (95% CI 0.69–0.76). The pooled serious adverse event rate was 6.0% (95% CI 0.07–0.09). Conclusions: Upadacitinib demonstrates significant efficacy in achieving clinical remission and response in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as shown by clinical remission rates of 44.9% and 36.0%, respectively. The treatment also maintains a favorable safety profile with a serious adverse event rate of 7.8%, making it an effective option for those resistant or intolerant to traditional immunosuppressants or tumor necrosis factor antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that the technology of Radin forcing can be used to transfer compactness properties at a weakly inaccessible but not strong limit cardinal to a strongly inaccessible cardinal. As an application, relative to the existence of large cardinals, we construct a model of set theory in which there is a strongly inaccessible cardinal κ$\kappa$ that is n$n$‐d$d$‐stationary for all n∈ω$n\in \omega$ but not weakly compact. This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the constructible universe L$L$, where κ$\kappa$ being (n+1)$(n+1)$‐d$d$‐stationary is equivalent to κ$\kappa$ being Πn1$\mathbf {\Pi }^1_n$‐indescribable. We also show that it is consistent that there is a cardinal κ⩽2ω$\kappa \leqslant 2^\omega$ such that Pκ(λ)$P_\kappa (\lambda)$ is n$n$‐stationary for all λ⩾κ$\lambda \geqslant \kappa$ and n∈ω$n\in \omega$, answering a question of Sakai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical sensors play a pivotal role in various fields, such as biomedicine and environmental detection, due to their exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability, rapid response time, user-friendly operation, and ease of miniaturization and integration. In addition to the research conducted in the application field, significant focus is placed on the selection and optimization of electrode interface materials for electrochemical sensors. The detection performance of these sensors can be significantly enhanced by modifying the interface of either inorganic metal electrodes or printed electrodes. Among numerous available modification materials, conductive polymers (CPs) possess not only excellent conductivity exhibited by inorganic conductors but also unique three-dimensional structural characteristics inherent to polymers. This distinctive combination allows CPs to increase active sites during the detection process while providing channels for rapid ion transmission and facilitating efficient electron transfer during reaction processes. This review article primarily highlights recent research progress concerning CPs as an ideal choice for modifying electrochemical sensors owing to their remarkable features that make them well-suited for biomedical and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heracleum dissectum is rich in nutrients, but there is little research on its soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, SDF from H. dissectum was extracted by enzyme extraction (E‐SDF), enzyme chemical extraction (EC‐SDF), and fermentation extraction (F‐SDF). The composition, molecular weight (Mw), structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of SDF extracted by the three methods were compared. This study showed that different extraction methods lead to differences in their structure. The Mw results showed that F‐SDF had the largest Mw, the structure of SDF could be destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, and large molecules could be converted into small molecules. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the main sugars of E‐SDF, EC‐SDF, and F‐SDF were galacturonic acid and galactose, and the main components of the three SDF samples were hemicellulose hydrolyzed pectin and soluble polysaccharide. Notably, E‐SDF had the greatest antioxidant effect at the same concentration. In summary, different extraction methods can affect the structure and antioxidant capacity of H. dissectum SDF, among which E‐SDF has potential as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further enhance the precision of carbon trading price forecasting, this research proposes a combined forecasting model, CEEMDAN–VMD–IPSO–BiLSTM, considering the unsatisfactory high‐frequency sequence decomposition and the reliance on unidirectional neural networks in current carbon price‐prediction models. First of all, the original sequence of carbon prices is decomposed into multiple independent subsequences through the completely ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) technique. The sample entropy values of each subsequence are calculated to reconstruct them as high‐frequency, low‐frequency, and trend sequences. Second, we employ the variational mode decomposition (VMD) approach to decompose the high‐frequency series. The obtained subsequences, along with the low‐frequency and trend sequences, are separately input into an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) optimized bidirectional long short‐term memory neural network (BiLSTM) model for forecasting. Finally, an IPSO–BiLSTM model is used to integrate the forecasting outcomes from the previous step, yielding the ultimate results for predicting carbon prices. The case studies reveal that compared with the benchmark model, this model exhibits superior predictive precision and universality. It offers theoretical support for optimizing carbon market operations and fostering low‐carbon economic growth, holding practical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Stability against oxygen is an important factor affecting the performance of organic semiconductor devices. Improving photooxidation stability can prolong the service life of the device and maintain the mechanical and photoelectric properties of the device. Generally, various encapsulation methods from molecular structure to macroscopic device level are used to improve photooxidation stability. Here, we adopted a crystallization strategy to allow 14H‐spiro[dibenzo[c,h]acridine‐7,9′‐fluorene] (SFDBA) to pack tightly to resist fluorescence decay caused by oxidation. In this case, the inert group of SFDBA acts as a "steric armor", protecting the photosensitive group from being attacked by oxygen. Therefore, compared with the fluorescence quenching of SFDBA powder under 2 h of sunlight, SFDBA crystal can maintain its fluorescence emission for more than 8 h under the same conditions. Furthermore, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the crystalline film is 327% higher than that of the amorphous film. It shows that the crystallization strategy is an effective method to resist oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the following nonlinear Schrödinger system: { − Δ u + α u = | u | p − 1 u + 2 q + 1 λ | u | p − 3 2 u | v | q + 1 2 , x ∈ R 3 , − Δ v + β v = | v | q − 1 v + 2 p + 1 λ | u | p + 1 2 | v | q − 3 2 v , x ∈ R 3 , u (x) → 0 , v (x) → 0 , as | x | → ∞ , where 3 ≤ p , q < 5 , α, β are positive parameters. We show that there exists λ k > 0 such that the equation has at least k radially symmetric sign-changing solutions and at least k seminodal solutions for each k ∈ N and λ ∈ (0 , λ k) . Moreover, we show the existence of a least energy radially symmetric sign-changing solution for each λ ∈ (0 , λ 0) where λ 0 ∈ (0 , λ 1 ] . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To demonstrate and analyze the 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings in this rare nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Case presentation: A 71-year-old woman with the left invasive breast cancer was treated with hormone therapy for six months and underwent the 18F-FDG PET/CT examination for efficacy evaluation. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed the improvement after treatment and other unexpected findings, including multiple nodules on the skin with 18F-FDG uptake, bone expansion of cystic lesions in the bilateral ribs, ectopic calcifications and dilated right ureter. She had no known family history. Then, the patient underwent surgical excision of the all skin nodules and the postoperative pathology were multiple basal cell carcinomas. Finally, the comprehensive diagnosis of NBCCS was made. The patient was still in follow-up. Additionally, we have summarized the reported cases (n = 3) with 18F-FDG PET/CT from the literature. Conclusions: It is important to recognize this syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT because of different diagnoses and therapeutic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella enterica is a pathogenic bacterium known for causing severe typhoid fever in humans, making it important to study due to its potential health risks and significant impact on public health. This study provides evolutionary classification of proteins from Salmonella enterica pangenome. We classified 17,238 domains from 13,147 proteins from 79,758 Salmonella enterica strains and studied in detail domains of 272 proteins from 14 characterized Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). Among SPIs-related proteins, 90 proteins function in the secretion machinery. 41% domains of SPI proteins have no previous sequence annotation. By comparing clinical and environmental isolates, we identified 3682 proteins that are overrepresented in clinical group that we consider as potentially pathogenic. Among domains of potentially pathogenic proteins only 50% domains were annotated by sequence methods previously. Moreover, 36% (1330 out of 3682) of potentially pathogenic proteins cannot be classified into Evolutionary Classification of Protein Domains database (ECOD). Among classified domains of potentially pathogenic proteins the most populated homology groups include helix-turn-helix (HTH), Immunoglobulin-related, and P-loop domains-related. Functional analysis revealed overrepresentation of these protein in biological processes related to viral entry into host cell, antibiotic biosynthesis, DNA metabolism and conformation change, and underrepresentation in translational processes. Analysis of the potentially pathogenic proteins indicates that they form 119 clusters or novel potential pathogenicity islands (NPPIs) within the Salmonella genome, suggesting their potential contribution to the bacterium’s virulence. One of the NPPIs revealed significant overrepresentation of potentially pathogenic proteins. Overall, our analysis revealed that identified potentially pathogenic proteins are poorly studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel‐based sensing devices show potential in wearable electronics. However, most hydrogels are mechanically weak, bringing functional stability problems in real usage environment that may interact with occasionally external forces. There are demands to develop robust hydrogel‐based devices with good performances. Here, a highly sensitive temperature sensor with robust, ionic conductive, and double cross‐linked polyacrylamide‐sodium alginate hydrogel is developed. It is found that ions with larger radius show higher sensitivity to temperature changes (e.g., Ba2+) in the hydrogel, because ion movement is dependent with ion sizes. The sensor shows advantages of fast response (2.02 s of 40 °C temperature difference), wide sensing range (22–100 °C), and high robustness (withstanding 2000 cyclic compression and 175 N m−1 for 180° anti‐peeling test). The wearable sensor can effectively distinguish the temperatures of various body parts (0.9 °C temperature difference) and monitor respiration (0.5 °C temperature difference) in real‐time. A wearable 5×5 sensing array is developed for direct human‐body temperature mapping, achieving an optimum resolution of ≈0.15 mm−1 and enabling a clear mapping of superficial vascular pathways at the wrist. This study provides a practical and optimized approach for the implementation of wearable conductive hydrogel‐based devices in the field of human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been an open problem to provide a unified test for the intercept of autoregressive (AR) models. In this paper, we use the empirical likelihood method to solve this issue. It turns out that the resulting test statistic always converges in distribution to a standard chi-squared distribution under the null hypothesis, whether the AR process is stationary or nonstationary, and with or without an intercept. The asymptotic distribution under the local alternative hypothesis is also derived under some mild conditions. Several simulations as well as a real data example are used to show how well the suggested test performs in terms of size and power on a finite sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades are functionally important signalling modules in eukaryotes. Transcriptome reprogramming of immune‐related genes is a key process in plant immunity. Emerging evidence shows that plant MAPK cascade is associated with processing (P)‐body components and contributes to transcriptome reprogramming of immune‐related genes. However, it remains largely unknown how this process is regulated. Here, we show that OsMPK12, which is induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection, positively regulates rice blast resistance. Further analysis revealed that OsMPK12 directly interacts with enhancer of mRNA decapping protein 4 (OsEDC4), a P‐body‐located protein, and recruits OsEDC4 to where OsMPK12 is enriched. Importantly, OsEDC4 directly interacts with two decapping complex members OsDCP1 and OsDCP2, indicating that OsEDC4 is a subunit of the mRNA decapping complex. Additionally, we found that OsEDC4 positively regulates rice blast resistance by regulating expression of immune‐related genes and maintaining proper mRNA levels of some negatively‐regulated genes. And OsMPK12 and OsEDC4 are also involved in rice growth and development regulation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OsMPK12 positively regulates rice blast resistance via OsEDC4‐mediated mRNA decay of immune‐related genes, providing new insight into not only the new role of the MAPK signalling cascade, but also posttranscriptional regulation of immune‐related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combined numerical simulation and experiment to explore the influence of the concave‐wall jets with uniformly distributed tangential inlets in the cyclone separator on the liquid–solid separation characteristics and equipment. The results show that as the number of tangential inlets increases, the superposition effect of particle trajectories and flow fields becomes more significant. The superimposed flow field enhances the circumferential flow velocity of the fluid, causing the distribution of the jet along the radial and spanwise directions to shrink, greatly improving the uniformity of particle distribution and turbulent kinetic energy along the circumference, and effectively reducing the impact of particles on local areas near the jet inlet. Since the superposition of circumferential multi‐inlet jets enhances the swirling flow, the local disturbance and wall erosion effects near the jet inlet were reduced. Compared with double inlets, the flow rates of three inlets and four inlets were increased by 50% and 100%, respectively, the maximum turbulent kinetic energy increased by 14.5% and 56.2%, and the maximum escape time of particles was shortened by 3.2 and 3.3 s, respectively, the maximum erosion rates were reduced by 38.4% and 23.6%, respectively, and the separation efficiency and material handling capacity were significantly improved. This study supplemented the theory of concave‐wall jets' superposition characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for applying circumferential multi‐inlet devices in liquid–solid separation equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces stochastic disturbances into a semi-parametric SEIR model with infectivity in an incubation period. The model combines the randomness of disease transmission and the nonlinearity of transmission rate, providing a flexible framework for more accurate description of the process of infectious disease transmission. On the basis of the discussion of the deterministic model, the stochastic semi-parametric SEIR model is studied. Firstly, we use Lyapunov analysis to prove the existence and uniqueness of global positive solutions for the model. Secondly, the conditions for disease extinction are established, and appropriate stochastic Lyapunov functions are constructed to discuss the asymptotic behavior of the model's solution at the disease-free equilibrium point of the deterministic model. Finally, the specific transmission functions are enumerated, and the accuracy of the results are demonstrated through numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, Cnicus benedictus extract was loaded into electrospun gelatin scaffolds for diabetic wound healing applications. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro by mechanical testing, cell culture assays, electron microscopy, cell migration assay, and antibacterial assay. In vivo wound healing study was performed in a rat model of diabetic wound. In vitro studies revealed fibrous architecture of our developed dressings and their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, Cnicus benedictus extract- loaded wound dressings prevented bacterial penetration. In vivo study showed that wound size reduction, collagen deposition, and epithelial thickness were significantly greater in Cnicus benedictus extract-loaded scaffolds than other groups. Gene expression studies showed that the produced wound dressings significantly upregulated VEGF and IGF genes expression in diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Yangjiang douchi (YD) is a traditional fermented soybean product, which is popular in Chinese cuisine for its unique flavor. However, due to its high salt content and unstable flavor, its competitiveness in the international market is gradually weakening. Microorganisms have a key role in the production process of YD because it is a fermented food but the effect of microorganisms on the volatile compounds of YD is also not currently clear.In this paper, aroma compounds and microbial diversity in different fermentation stages of YD were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and IlluminaMiseq system sequencing. A total of 78 aroma‐active compounds were detected throughout the fermentation process and they influenced the formation of flavor in YD. Fungi flora were relatively single in YD, and bacteria were rich and varied. A total of 418 species of bacteria were present during fermentation, with unclassified_Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus_kloosii, and Bacillus_velezensis_Bacillus predominating. There were 25 species of fungi at the species level, and Aspergillus minisclerotigenes (OTU 4) played a dominant role in the whole fermentation process.Staphylococcus and Bacillus in the bacterial genus were strongly correlated with most flavor compounds detected, and A. minisclerotigenes in the fungi were more relevant to flavor compounds. This research provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of the flavor of traditional fermented douchi in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in the fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting triglyceride (FTG), and fasting total cholesterol (FTC) levels during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and the association with pathologic complete response (pCR). Methods: Relevant data from Sichuan Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were collected and analyzed, and FBG, FTG, and FTC were divided into baseline, change, and process groups, which were grouped to analyze the changes after receiving NAT and the association with pCR. Results: In the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroup, patients with low levels of FTG in the process group were more likely to achieve pCR compared to high levels, and in the progesterone receptor (PR)-negative subgroup, patients with lower FTG compared to higher FTG after receiving NAT was more likely to achieve pCR. Conclusions: Patients with HER2-positive BC undergoing NAT develop varying degrees of abnormalities (elevated or decreased) in FBG, FTG, and FTC; moreover, the status of FTG levels during NAT may predict pCR in ER-negative or PR-negative HER2-positive BC.Early monitoring and timely intervention for FTG abnormalities may enable this subset of patients to increase the likelihood of obtaining a pCR along with management of abnormal markers. Highlights: • Neoadjuvant therapy causes various fasting glucose, fasting triglyceride, and fasting cholesterol abnormalities. • Fasting triglycerides may predict the pathologic complete response in some patients. • Fasting blood glucose and fasting total cholesterol do not predict the pathologic complete response. • Some patients may derive both short-term (achievement of pathologic complete response) and long-term (reduction of cardiovascular disease risk) benefits in conjunction with lipid management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure, which relies on preoperative CT (Computed Tomography) images, is considered the gold standard for determining the benign or malignant nature of lung masses. However, the traditional lung puncture procedure has several issues, including long operation times, a high probability of complications, and high exposure to CT radiation for the patient, as it relies heavily on the surgeon's clinical experience. Approach. To address these problems, a multi-constrained objective optimization model based on clinical criteria for the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure has been proposed. Additionally, based on fuzzy optimization, a multidimensional spatial Pareto front algorithm has been developed for optimal path selection. The algorithm finds optimal paths, which are displayed on 3D images, and provides reference points for clinicians' surgical path planning. Main results. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, 25 data sets collected from the Second People's Hospital of Zigong were used for prospective and retrospective experiments. The results demonstrate that 92% of the optimal paths generated by the algorithm meet the clinicians' surgical needs. Significance. The algorithm proposed in this paper is innovative in the selection of mass target point, the integration of constraints based on clinical standards, and the utilization of multi-objective optimization algorithm. Comparison experiments have validated the better performance of the proposed algorithm. From a clinical standpoint, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a higher clinical feasibility of the proposed pathway than related studies, which reduces the dependency of the physician's expertise and clinical experience on pathway planning during the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and toxic to human health. It is demanding for high‐efficient and green technologies to remove PFASs from water. In this study, a novel PFAS treatment technology was developed, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (1–5 μm) as the catalyst and a low frequency ultrasound (US, 40 kHz, 0.3 W/cm2) for activation. Remarkably, this system can induce near‐complete defluorination for different structured PFASs. The underlying mechanism relies on contact electrification between PTFE and water, which induces cumulative electrons on PTFE surface, and creates a high surface voltage (tens of volts). Such high surface voltage can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e. O2⋅−, HO⋅, etc.) and a strong interfacial electrostatic field (IEF of 109~1010 V/m). Consequently, the strong IEF significantly activates PFAS molecules and reduces the energy barrier of O2⋅− nucleophilic reaction. Simultaneously, the co‐existence of surface electrons (PTFE*(e−)) and HO⋅ enables synergetic reduction and oxidation of PFAS and its intermediates, leading to enhanced and thorough defluorination. The US/PTFE method shows compelling advantages of low energy consumption, zero chemical input, and few harmful intermediates. It offers a new and promising solution for effectively treating the PFAS‐contaminated drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and toxic to human health. It is demanding for high‐efficient and green technologies to remove PFASs from water. In this study, a novel PFAS treatment technology was developed, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (1–5 μm) as the catalyst and a low frequency ultrasound (US, 40 kHz, 0.3 W/cm2) for activation. Remarkably, this system can induce near‐complete defluorination for different structured PFASs. The underlying mechanism relies on contact electrification between PTFE and water, which induces cumulative electrons on PTFE surface, and creates a high surface voltage (tens of volts). Such high surface voltage can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e. O2⋅−, HO⋅, etc.) and a strong interfacial electrostatic field (IEF of 109~1010 V/m). Consequently, the strong IEF significantly activates PFAS molecules and reduces the energy barrier of O2⋅− nucleophilic reaction. Simultaneously, the co‐existence of surface electrons (PTFE*(e−)) and HO⋅ enables synergetic reduction and oxidation of PFAS and its intermediates, leading to enhanced and thorough defluorination. The US/PTFE method shows compelling advantages of low energy consumption, zero chemical input, and few harmful intermediates. It offers a new and promising solution for effectively treating the PFAS‐contaminated drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost and biodegradable photothermal wound dressings with remarkable therapeutic effects are highly desirable for next-generation wound healing. Herein, we report an efficient photothermal wound dressing mat made of tellurium nanosheet (TeNS)-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GEL) nanofibers. The TeNS-loaded PCL/GEL nanofibrous architectures showed antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of 87.68% and 94.57%, respectively. Under near-infrared (NIR) light illumination, they can facilitate cell proliferation as revealed by in vitro scratch assay. The results from in vivo skin wounds combined with tissue staining experiments further showed that the TeNS-loaded dressing could substantially promote wound healing under photothermal conditions. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we found that the TeNS-loaded PCL/GEL nanofibers + NIR group have a high expression of specific antigens in epidermal growth factor (EGF) (P<0.01) and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-31 (CD31, P<0.05), verifying that the nanofibrous mat can stimulate EGF generation and microvessel proliferation. Furthermore, the PCL/GEL/Te+NIR group has the lowest expression in endothelial cell adhesion molecule-68 (CD68, P<0.01), suggesting that the nanofibrous mats have a high anti-inflammatory efficiency. Our work sheds light on the development of novel nonanti-inflammatory wound dressings via photothermal sterilization and the promotion of cell growth using two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented 1,5‐addition/N‐1,4‐addition cascade reaction is established via palladium hydride catalysis. A variety of polysubstituted dihydropyrrole skeletons are constructed in high yield and with exclusively >20 : 1 diastereoselectivity. An enantioselective protocol of this design is also developed to provide a novel access to enantioenriched dihydropyrroles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SETD1B is silenced in the hippocampal tissue induced by sevoflurane anesthesia. • Overexpressed SETD1B improves cognitive impairment induced by sevoflurane. • Rising SETD1B reduces sevoflurane-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. • SETD1B promotes CXCR4 by enhancing H3K4 methylation. • SETD1B improves cognitive impairment by promoting H3K4 methylation and CXCR4. Sevoflurane (Sev) anesthesia is associated with cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity. This study explores the epigenetic mechanism of SET domain containing 1B (SETD1B) in Sev-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice. Neonatal mice (C57BL/6, n = 72) were exposed to 3% Sev for 2 h per day at P6, 7, and 8, and the control neonatal mice were only separated from the mother for 2 h. The mice were divided into groups of 12 individuals, with an equal number of male and female mice in each group. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with adenovirus-packaged SETD1B overexpression vector. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze, open field test, T-maze, novel object recognition, etc.) were performed at P30. Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured in vitro. SETD1B, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), Cleaved Caspase1, and GSDMD-N expressions in hippocampal tissues or cells were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. SETD1B and histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3) enrichment on the CXCR4 promoter was analyzed by ChIP. Sev insulted cognitive impairment and diminished SETD1B expression in mouse hippocampal tissues. SETD1B overexpression mitigated cognitive impairment, enhanced H3K4me3 levels in hippocampal tissues, and restrained hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis. SETD1B increased CXCR4 expression by elevating the H3K4me3 level on the CXCR4 promoter, thereby curbing NLRP1/Caspase1-mediated hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis. To conclude, SETD1B enhances CXCR4 expression by elevating the H3K4me3 level on the CXCR4 promoter, thereby suppressing NLRP1/Caspase1-triggered hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis and alleviating Sev-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical solution of two magnetic-electro-elastic materials with hole-initiated cracks are investigated under anti-plane shearing. The modeling of the cracks is achieved by applying a pair of negative shear stresses in the region where the cracks occur. During this investigation, the fundamental solution of the displacement field is expressed by Green's function method. The expressions of the magneto-electric-elastic wave fields around the interface can be obtained by using the wave function expansion method and Sommerfeld radiation conditions. Then, combined with permeable electromagnetic boundary conditions, the crack problem is reduced to a system of the first kind of Fredholm's integral equations, from which the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) at the crack tip is obtained. Finally, various examples are provided to illustrate the effects of the geometrical parameters, material properties, wave number, and incident angle on the DSIF. Compared with previous traditional numerical and analytical methods, the methods proposed in this article are more applicable in practical engineering and theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]