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HLA‐C*01:02:89 differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulse noise is extremely harmful to human health. Hence, great progress has been achieved in active noise control (ANC), but most is about the noise control of Gaussian stable distribution, the non-Gaussian impulse noise control research is stiil in an exploratory stage. In this paper, the trends of impulse noise active noise control algorithms developed at home and abroad are analyzed, active noise control of symmetric ɑ stable (SɑS) distribution impulsive noise is studied. An algorithm based on minimizing the squared sigmoid transformation of error signal is proposed. The convergence condition of this algorithm is also analyzed. It does not need the parameter selection and thresholds estimation. Computer simulations are carried out to validate this algorithm. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the algorithm. Compared to the previous FXlogLMS algorithm, this algorithm has good convergence and stability. According to the Sigmoid function expression, further experimental statistical analysis about the best match relationship of m-value and the alpha value wiil be the next target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of eye drops of Buddleja officinalis extract in treating dry eye of castrated rats by analyzing the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins., Methods: Forty-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group and eye drops of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. extract (treatment) group. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy in the untreated group and treatment group. Rats in the treatment group were treated with eye drops of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. extract, one drop once, three times daily. Eyes of rats in the sham-operated group and untreated group were instilled with normal saline. After one-, two-, or three-month treatment, five rats in each group were scarified respectively. Then samples were taken to detect related indices. Expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 of lacrimal gland were checked by immunohistochemical method and quantity of apoptotic cells was counted., Results: After one-, two- or three-month treatment, the quantities of expressions of Bax in acinar epithelial cells and glandular tube cells were significantly lower, and those of Bcl-2 were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the untreated group, and the quantities of apoptotic cells of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the untreated group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. are flavonoids, which can significantly inhibit cell apoptosis in lacrimal gland.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors (AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance., Methods: Forty-five Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into nine groups, including normal groups (A1, A2 and A3); model groups (B1, B2 and B3); therapy groups with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops (C1, C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on groups B and C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer I test (SIT) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer (FCM)., Results: The SIT value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B, which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity., Conclusion: The main components of the extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids that can significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it can display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

SBR reactors were used to investigate the N2O emission in shortcut nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Shortcut nitrification with nitrosation rate above 90% was realized by real-time control strategy. The N2O emission and variation of nitrosation rate were investigated under 4 DO levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L). The results turned out that the optimal DO to maintain high nitrosation rate and minimum N2O emission was 1.5 mg/L and the N4O emission was 0.06 g per ammonium removed. The SBR filled with carbon fiber performed under low DO and pulse feeding. The SND rate was over 79% during the experiment. The N2O emission was studied under DO 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L. It turned out that the optimal DO was 1.0 mg/L and the N2O emission was 0.021 g per ammonium removed. Compared to the shortcut nitrification, the N2O emission of SND was 1/3 of the short-cut nitrification under optimal DO.

The experiment investigated the nitrous oxide production under different C/N ratios during denitrification, taking nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor respectively. Ethanol was selected as carbon source. The C/N ratios were 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.5, 5.0 and 20 when nitrate was taken as electron acceptor and C/N ratios 0, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 4.3, 5.2, 6.6, 20.6 when electron acceptor was nitrite. The results indicated that: the optimum C/N ratio was 3.0 taking nitrite as electron acceptor and the N2O production was 0.044 mg x L(-1); the optimum C/N ratio was 5.0 taking nitrate as electron acceptor and the N2O production was 0.135 mg x L(-1) which was 3 times higher than that of nitrite as electron acceptor. Though the electron acceptor changed, the trend of N2O production was similar: when carbon source was badly insufficient, the production of N2O and denitrification rate were both quite small; the N2O production increased with the increasing of the quantity of carbon source; when the carbon source was excessive, the N2O production sharply raised. Consequently, compared to complete nitrification and denitrification, short-cut nitrification and denitrification could save 40% carbon source. Moreover, controlling C/N = 3 could reduce the production of N2O in short-cut nitrification.

The experiment investigated the production and conversion rate of N2O during nitrification using saline sewage and municipal wastewater. Different kinds of sludge were used, domesticated by saline sewage influent (salinity 7.5 g/L) and municipal wastewater (salinity 0.1 g/L), respectively. The results showed that the production of N2O using saline sewage was 2.85 times higher than that using municipal wastewater. The production and conversion rate of N2O during nitrification under different salinities were also investigated. The results showed that the production of N2O was almost the same when salinity decreased from 7.5 g/L to 5.0 g/L, even 2.5 g/L. However, specific ammonia oxidation rate was increased with the decrease of salinity. The sudden increase of salinity, from 7.5 g/L to 10 g/L, resulted in the increase of N2O production and conversion rate but decrease of specific ammonia oxidation rate. Consequently, It is important to avoid the severe fluctuation of salinity resulted in the increase of N2O production and conversion rate.