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A 5-year-old Chinese girl presented to a dermatology clinic with itching and eyelash loss on her left lower eyelid. She had recently traveled to Jeju Island, South Korea, and had contact with rabbits and cats. Trichoscopy revealed pustules, scales, broken eyelashes, and microscopic examination confirmed the presence of Trichophyton interdigitale. The diagnosis was tinea blepharitis, and the symptoms resolved after treatment with oral itraconazole and topical fluconazole eyedrops. Blepharitis is an inflammatory condition of the eyelid margin that can have various causes, including infections and environmental factors. Trichoscopy provided valuable diagnostic information in this case. Treatment for blepharitis depends on the type and pathogens involved. Tinea blepharitis is a rare dermatophyte infection that can be easily overlooked. [Extracted from the article]

A 48-year-old woman in Chengdu, China, presented with recurring lesions on her trunk and extremities. The lesions started as purplish-red papules and pustules, which then developed necrosis and crusting before resolving within 4 weeks, leaving atrophic varioliform scars. A skin biopsy revealed lymphocytic vasculitis associated with fibrinoid necrosis and thrombotic occlusion of individual vessels. To exclude infectious dermatoses, tests were conducted, including acid-fast staining and meta-genomic next-generation sequencing, which yielded negative results. A chest computed tomography showed calcified nodules in both lungs, indicating a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. An interferon-γ release assay confirmed latent tuberculosis infection, and the patient was diagnosed with papulonecrotic tuberculid. Treatment with a 6-month regimen of antituberculosis drugs resulted in full recovery. [Extracted from the article]

In the field of molecular nonequilibrium transports, physical mechanisms of multiple reaction dynamics of these systems are the core of deep understanding complex reactions and transport mechanisms. In order to explore related mechanisms, establishing multiple systems coupled with tremendous exit dynamics and studying their exit dynamics properties are quite vital. Beyond previous researches, new stochastic transport processes are emphasized here. Multiple new exit dynamic systems are established, which are motivated by the multiplicity of paths and products of real biochemical processes in organisms. In order to ensure research universality, core system modeling factors are fully considered. Countable parallel orbits, uniform connection with external sources, countable parallel orbits as subsystems in middle lattices and influences of all lattices on transport trajectories on dynamic properties are analyzed. Dynamic properties of different particles located in orbits are explored by deeply studying average exit time and time scale. Quantitative spatiotemporal impacts are extensively studied. The rationality of average exit time as a time scale in the universal exit dynamic system is proved. Main findings and fruitful results can not only serve as theoretical bases for broadening reaction path modeling, but also be helpful to support understanding nonequilibrium transport mechanisms, especially stochastic biochemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) showed numbers of bright tumor islands with peripheral palisading, cleft-like dark spaces, and dilated canalicular vessels in the dermis (Figure 1C). As noninvasive and convenient imaging technologies, dermoscopy, RCM and HFUS are sensitive and specific tools for diagnosing BCC and can provide multimodal information for the management. Dear Editor, A 59-year-old female presented with a 5-year history of a solitary skin-colored nodule on the upper lip (Figure 1A). [Extracted from the article]

The choice of ultrasound frequency depends on the condition of the lesions and the specific observation requirements. Ultrasound frequency ≥ 70 MHz would be more appropriate for small superficial basal cell carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported 4 cases of LAM and evaluated the atrophy by high-frequency ultrasound (MD-300S II, MaiDa, China) to further reveal the development of LAM. Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by the unilateral hyperpigmented atrophoderma following Blaschko's lines without evident inflammation and sclerosis. Histopathologically, LAM was nonspecific and manifested hyperpigmentation in the epidermal basal layer and a mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with or without slightly altered collagen fiber.2 The causes of clinical atrophy in LAM were still controversial. [Extracted from the article]

The molten salt electrochemical method is an efficient one-step process to extract tungsten from tungsten carbide (WC). Owing to the limitation of molten salt electrochemical experiments and the number of data points, determining the optimal process conditions is challenging. In addition, the mechanism that affects the current efficiency is difficult to obtain intuitively. In this study, simulations of tungsten carbide anode electrolysis were obtained using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3, and the results were compared to the dissolution experiment of tungsten carbide with varying content of sodium tungstate (Fig. 1). The experimental data fitted well with the theoretical current efficiency of 75%. At concentrations below 0.5 wt% of sodium tungstate, the anode dissolution showed a linear relationship against the concentration of sodium tungstate. At a constant concentration of sodium tungstate, the anodic dissolution decreased with increasing immersion depth, consistent with the variation of cell voltage difference before and after electrolysis. The optimal immersion depth and effective area of the anode estimated by simulations were 2.5 mm and 0.465 mm2, respectively (Fig. 2). Under the optimum electrolysis conditions simulated by COMSOL, the nano tungsten powder was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a case of a 28-year-old female who developed rashes and intermittent fever after camping and gathering mushrooms in a wooded area. It is reported that the patient presented with enlarged lymph nodes, an eschar with an erythematous halo, and multiple erythematous maculae on the trunk and limbs.

Erythema papulatum centrifugum (EPC), also known as erythema papulosa semicircularis recidivans (EPSR), is distinct from eczema and other well‐described figurate erythemas characterised by annular erythematous lesions. We report 7 cases of EPC and propose new diagnostic criteria including the following: (i) EPC is characterised by single or multiple recurrent expanding annular or semi annular erythema with central regression, surrounded by tiny red papules; (ii) the lesions regularly relapse and resolve; (iii) the histopathologic feature shows superficial perivascular inflammation with or without mild inflammation around sweat glands in the mid dermis and (iv) patients lack other associated cutaneous or internal abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2-year-old girl presented to the dermatology clinic with a 2-week history of a solitary perianal protrusion. Constipation may be a risk factor for the condition.[2],[4] Infantile perianal pyramidal protrusion typically presents as an asymptomatic, smooth, soft, pink-or flesh-coloured skin prominence ranging from 5 to 30 mm SP 2 sp in size, usually located anterior, but occasionally posterior to the anus.[1],[2] Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and invasive investigations should usually be avoided. Differential diagnosis should consider skin tag, skin fold, condyloma acuminata, hemorrhoid, rectal prolapse and lesions from perianal abuse.[1],[2] Conservative management is indicated as the lesion often resolves spontaneously within weeks to months. [Extracted from the article]

More than 10 cases of PRP after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been described, such as Vaxzevria, Covishield, Comirnaty, Spikevax and CoronaVac.[[2], [4]] In addition, several patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed subsequently RPR have been reported.[[4], [6]] There is still controversy over the causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and RPR. Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an acquired inflammatory papulosquamous disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, orange-red plaques, islands of sparing and waxy keratoderma. Abrupt onset of sweet syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and erythema multiforme: unravelling a possible common trigger, the COVID-19 vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on trichofolliculoma, a rare benign follicular hamartoma that typically presents as an asymptomatic papule or nodule on the face. It describes a case of trichofolliculoma in a 33-year-old man with specific dermoscopic features, including a central dilated pore with tufted white hairs and surrounding linear vessels in a radial arrangement. Dermoscopy can provide valuable diagnostic clues for skin adnexal neoplasms.

A case study of case of a 17-year-old with cutaneous hypo- and hyper-pigmentation, diagnosed with Becker's nevus, naevus depigmentosus, and café-au-lait spots (CALs), discussing their distinct characteristics and potential genetic links. It highlights twin spotting hypotheses, citing similar instances like Becker's naevus with segmental naevus depigmentosus, suggesting a need for further genetic studies to explore the underlying mechanisms behind these coexisting pigmentation disorders.

One side of the transparent film is adhesive, thus it can be used to cover the glass window and wrap the metal ring and the front of probe (Fig. Contamination and crossinfection are always a significant concern when using reflectance confocal microscopy in the clinic because the glass window and metal ring at the front of the probe must contact the skin and mucosal surfaces, and sterilization of the imaging probes is usually impossible. [Extracted from the article]

Graph: Figure 1: (A) Numerous black-brown granules attached to the left eyelashes and eyelids of a 77-year-old woman with phthiriasis palpebrarum. Her scalp symptoms resolved but 2 weeks into her treatment, she developed eyelid pruritus and she returned for reassessment 3 weeks after completing the scalp treatment. We diagnosed scalp pediculosis caused by pubic lice and treated the patient with 5% permethrin lotion for 3 weeks. [Extracted from the article]

2021;60:e117-9. 3 Kaufman AR, Oh DJ, Gliksberg A. Conjunctival and periorbital petechiae presumed secondary to self-inflicted asphyxiation in a pediatric patient. The patient had several episodes of intense vomiting related to alcohol intake 1 day before onset of the rash. We diagnosed petechiae induced by elevated intravascular pressure from her vomiting. [Extracted from the article]

We report the use of a marking pen with metallic ink to assist body surface location in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). For other techniques, lesions can be marked out on the skin with conventional surgical marking pens, but this type of ink cannot be detected by RCM. [Extracted from the article]

A 91‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐month history of [extensive](javascript:;) cutaneous lesions with intense pruritus. She lived in a nursing home for a long time. Physical examination revealed a generalized erythematous and scaly rash with intense hyperkeratotic lesions on the neck, trunk, and limbs. Dermoscopy showed a sinuous burrow filled with white dot eggs and feces on the hand with a mite at the end of the burrow. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) manifested a sinuous burrow and a mite. The presence of mites was confirmed with fluorescence staining. The patient was diagnosed with crusted scabies and started treatment with 10% sulfur ointment. Her lesions and pruritus were resolved after 2 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case study of a 25-year-old female patient with linear cutaneous lupus erythematous on the forehead. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) were used as imaging techniques to aid in the diagnosis and management of the condition. These techniques offer valuable information and improve the diagnostic accuracy of discoid lupus erythematous (DLE) by visualizing cutaneous structures and providing real-time in vivo imaging.

Cohort evidence that links long-term exposures to air pollution and mortality comes largely from the United States and European countries. We investigated the relationship between long-term exposures to particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and mortality of lung cancer in Northern China. A cohort of 39,054 participants were followed during 1998–2009. Annual average concentrations for PM 10 , NO 2, and SO 2 were determined based on data collected from central monitoring stations. Lung cancer deaths (n = 140) were obtained from death certificates, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, education, marital status, smoking status, passive smoking, occupation, alcohol consumption, etc. Each 10 mg/m 3 increase in PM 10 concentrations was associated with a 3.4%–6.0% increase in lung cancer mortality in the time-varying exposure model and a 4.0%–13.6% increase in the baseline exposure model. In multi-pollutant models, the magnitude of associations was attenuated, most strongly for PM 10 . The association was different in men and women, also varying across age categories and different smoking status. Substantial differences exist in the risk estimates for participants based on assignment method for air pollution exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of 24‑year‑old man is presented with history of an asymptomatic pink dome‑shaped papule on the right cheek. Topics include examines the papule enlarged gradually without any treatment as the patient was otherwise healthy, with unremarkable medical history and with no history of trauma and the dermoscopic examination revealed irregular bright red areas, light yellow areas and linear vessels with a pink background.

Abstract: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that long-term exposure to relatively low levels of particulate air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in Europe and North America. However, few studies have assessed the association with high level air pollutants. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular effects of long-term exposure to high level concentrations of inhalable particulate and to identify the characteristics of the Chinese population that are susceptible to the health effects. A retrospective cohort, containing 39,054 subjects from four cities in northern China, was followed for mortality of all cause and specific cardiovascular diseases from 1998 to 2009. Information on concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter<10μm in aerodynamic diameter) was collected from the local Environmental Monitoring Centers. The estimated exposure for the study participants was the mean concentration of PM10 over their surviving years during the cohort period. Relative risk values were obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for potential confounding factors. For each 10μg/m3 increase in PM10, the relative risk ratios (RRs) of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, heart failure disease mortality, and cerebrovascular disease mortality were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.22–1.27), 1.23 (95% CI, 1.19–1.26), 1.37 (95% CI, 1.28–1.47), 1.11(95% CI, 1.05–1.17), and 1.23(95% CI:1.18–1.28), respectively. Results from stratified analyses suggest that the effects of PM10 on cardiovascular mortality were more pronounced in males, smokers and people with a higher socioeconomic status. Long-term exposure to PM10 increases mortality from cardiovascular disease, especially from ischemic heart disease and this association seemed to be modified by other factors. Further research that focuses on exploring dose–response relationship and inter-population comparisons is warranted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] An equivalent modeling method of large format InSb detector is proposed in this paper. [•] The adaptability range of the proposed equivalent method is derived. [•] The maximum stress appearing in InSb chip dependent on array format is researched. [•] The stress distributions and its causes of 1024×1024 InSb detector are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The fundamental thermodynamic and dynamic properties of tungsten ions were determined. • Coordination form of tungsten ions from the electrolysis of WC was simple ions. • A method to confirm the standard electrode potential of unknown concentration ions. • Simulation calculation was used to verify the coordination form of tungsten ions. The results of the coordination form of low-concentration ions in molten salt have great reference significance for exploring the electrolysis reaction mechanism. Given the low concentration of tungsten ions after the electrochemical dissolution of tungsten carbide, this can be difficult to judge the coordination form of tungsten ions through spectral characterization. This paper will struggle to tackle the problem by comparing the electrochemical behaviors of tungsten ions from the electrochemical dissolution of tungsten carbide and NaCl–KCl–2 wt % Na 2 WO 4 melt. The electrochemical method had been investigated as a mean to understand the fundamental thermodynamic and mass transport properties of tungsten ions. The apparent standard potentials of oxidation and reduction couple at several temperatures were calculated by using a proposed new method. The diffusion coefficients of tungsten ions were determined. It can be concluded that the tungsten ions in the molten salt after tungsten carbide electrolysis were simple ions without coordinating anions by comparing the dynamics and thermodynamic calculation results of the two systems. The developed simulation boxes can serve as a verification for further theoretical investigations of the coordination form of tungsten ion groups at molecular scale. The results of this work provide necessary knowledge for the development methods to determine the dynamics and thermodynamic properties and coordination forms of metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, measurements of the thermal contact conductance (TCC) at the interfaces of Hastelloy C-276/Hastelloy C-276 and Hastelloy C-276/SS302 test pairs were conducted by a self-developed experimental setup based on the steady-state heat flux method. The reliability of experimental setup and method was validated by the repeated measurement of the thermal contact conductance between Hastelloy C-276 and Hastelloy C-276. In addition, the effects of contact pressure and interfacial temperature on thermal contact conductance were also discussed. This study not only provides a necessary database for the accurate numerical simulation but also lays a foundation for the optimal design of the shrink fitting process of rotor can. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The heat transfer between rotor can/narrow air gap/silicon steel sheet has an important influence on the shrink fit process of reactor coolant pump rotor can. The accurate thermal conductance data are needed for the optimal design and numerical simulation of the shrink fit process of rotor can. Consequently, in this study, a set of new experimental apparatus and relevant procedure were developed to measure the thermal conductance at the interface between Hastelloy C-276/narrow air gap/silicon steel based on the transient method. The effects of the initial temperature of the Hastelloy C-276 specimen and the dimension of the air gap between the two test specimens on the thermal conductance were evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We aimed to develop liposomes for loading both cisplatin and quantum dots (QDs) for both drug delivery and bioimaging. The resultant quantum-dot-liposomes (QDLs) with cisplatin were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), encapsulation efficiencies, and fluorescence intensity. QDLs composed of CdSe or CdSe/ZnS QDs represented a size of about 100 nm. The QDLs were prepared at a high QD loading efficiency of nearly 100 %. Most QDs were located within the liposomal bilayers as evidenced by TEM. Slow and sustained cisplatin release from QDLs was achieved. The cellular uptake of QDLs demonstrated effective internalization and significant fluorescence in melanoma cells. The signal derived from QDLs could be observed by different wavelength settings. The cisplatin-containing QDLs revealed higher cytotoxic activity compared to an equal dose of free cisplatin. CdSe/ZnS QDLs were intravenously administered to mice, and the biodistribution was observed with an in vivo imaging system. Significant fluorescence signal and cisplatin accumulation were detected in the brain and skin, as verified by ex vivo imaging and drug distribution. Liposomal inclusion could reduce the reticuloendothelial system uptake of QDs and cisplatin. QDLs evaluated in this study represent a new potential method for theranostic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, based on finite element (FE) software MSC.Marc, a multi-field coupled FE model is established to investigate the 18-pass hot rolling process of GCr15 steel rod. Thermal, mechanical and microstructural phenomena during the rolling process are coupled in the model. In this model, the microstructure evolution of GCr15 Steel is described by some empirical equations which are obtained using the Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator, and a MSC.Marc subprogram is designed to predict the evolution of recrystallization behavior and austenite grain size. With the aid of the model, the paper analyzes detailedly the distribution and evolution of microscopic field-variables in rolled piece during the whole rolling process of GCr15 steel rod. Predicted values of grain size show good agreement with measured ones. The current model is beneficial to understand the effect of recrystallization behavior and control the microstructure evolution during hot rod rolling process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a popular technique for skin cancer treatment. Protoporphyrin IX, which is a photosensitizing agent, converted enzymatically from the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is used as a photosensitizer in PDT for cancer. However, ALA penetrates with difficulty through intact skin; therefore, improving delivery systems for ALA in the skin will play an important role in ALA-PDT. Enhancement of ALA skin penetration can be achieved by physical methods, such as iontophoresis, laser, microneedles, ultrasound, and by adding chemical penetration enhancers, such as, dimethyl sulfoxide, oleic acid, and others, whereas some researches used lipophilic ALA derivatives and different vehicles to improve the transdermal delivery of ALA. This review introduces several enhancement techniques for increasing ALA permeation through the skin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ferulic acid (FA) can be used as an antioxidant to prevent damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin carcinogenesis. To this end, the feasibility of the skin absorption of FA and its derivatives was evaluated in the present study. The percutaneous absorption of five compounds into/across porcine skin was measured and compared using Franz diffusion cells. The skin delivery from pH 6 and 9.9 buffers was the highest for ferulic acid ethyl ether (FAEE), followed by coniferyl aldehyde (CD), coniferyl alcohol (CA), FA, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (HMA). The skin deposition and flux of FAEE with a pH 6 buffer were 136nmol/g and 26nmol/cm2/h, respectively. No significant difference in permeation profiles was observed between the two pH buffers. According to permeation via the skin with different treatments (delipidization, ethanol, and oleic acid treatments), it was determined that the lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum (SC) comprised the predominant barrier for FA permeation. On the other hand, FAEE could easily partition into and penetrate across the skin through intercellular pathways. Nude mouse was used as an in vivo animal model to examine the amount of permeants remaining in the skin. The in vivo skin deposition was generally correlated with the in vitro results. The in vivo skin deposition of FAEE (145nmol/g) was comparable to that of CD (150nmol/g). The safety study which examined transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, and the skin pH value demonstrated that the topical application of FA and related compounds for up to 24h did not cause skin irritation. It can be concluded that topical delivery may serve as an efficient and safe route for FA and its derivatives against photodamage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, four 3-D finite element models are developed to simulate the whole rod rolling process of GCr15 steel. The distribution and evolution of different field-variables, such as effective strain, effective strain rate and temperature, are obtained. Based on the simulated results and the microstructure evolution models of the steel, the paper designs a FORTRAN program to predict the evolution of recrystallization behavior and austenite grain size in rolled piece during the rolling. The surface temperatures of rolled piece calculated by FEM agree well with measured values. Comparison between calculated values and measured ones of grain size shows the validity of the program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The dynamical recrystallization (DRX) of GCr15 steel was investigated at deformation temperatures of 950–1150°C and strain rates of 0.1–10s−1 on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The stress–strain curves at lower strain rates are typical of the occurrence of DRX and exhibit a peak in the flow stress before reaching steady state. The flow stress at higher strain rates increases rapidly to the maximum too, but followed by a steady region. The microstructures after deformation certify that DRX takes place in all specimens. And the results show that DRX occurs more easily with the decrease of strain rate and the increase of deformation temperature. Using regression analysis, the DRX activation energy of the steel, the relationship of critical strain and deformation conditions were determined. In order to determine the recrystallized fraction under different conditions, an approximate model based on the stress–strain curves was investigated, and the kinetic model for DRX was established. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The periorificial involvement is the unique characteristic of OS that differentiates it from the other severe forms of PPK[2] including Clouston syndrome, pachyonychia congenital, Vohwinkel syndrome, Mal de Meleda syndrome, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Haim-Munk syndrome, and tyrosinemia type II. This mutation occurred in an intron, and intron mutations generally do not cause clinical disease; however, a few intron mutations could lead to errors in mRNA editing and further affect protein synthesis. Exome sequencing reveals mutations in TRPV3 as a cause of Olmsted syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from Huperzia serrata. Topics discussed include collection of specimen for fungi to analyze metabolites of Huperzia, extraction of curvulinic acid, O-methylcurvulinic acid, methyl curvulinate and fuscoatramide from Huperzia, and physical and chemical information on various metabolites.