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Objective To investigate the nutritional status of patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy for malignant tumor and its influencing factors. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect related clinical data of the patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for malignant tumor in Beijing Cancer Hospital from March to May, 2019. Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used to investigate the nutritional status of these patients and related influencing factors. Results A total of 150 usable questionnaires were collected. The median PG-SGA score was 6.0 (3.0,11.0) for all 150 patients. Among these 150 patients, 56 (37.3%) had severe malnutrition and 49 (32.7%) had moderate malnutrition. The univariate analysis showed that old age, esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer, stage Ⅳ tumor, more than 15 sessions of radiotherapy, more than 4 sessions of chemotherapy, and paclitaxel+platinum regimen or platinum monotherapy were influencing factors for malnutrition in these patients (Z=-3.839--2.087,P

Background: The most effective method for improving the prognosis of lung cancer is the application of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for pulmonary nodule screening in populations at high risk. Timely diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer can contribute to higher long-term survival rates. However, it remains difficult to differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary nodules measuring 8–15 mm, and avoid overtreatment on the one hand and delayed diagnosis on the other hand. In this consensus paper, we aimed to clarify the definition of “high-risk indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs)” and discuss appropriate evaluation and management to facilitate timely diagnosis of lung cancer to improve lung cancer outcome. Direction for future research was discussed. Methods: A multi-disciplinary panel of doctors and IT experts from Asia, Canada and the U.S. were invited to participate. Published evidence and consensus guidelines were used to develop this consensus was clarified. Their evaluation and management were discussed. Findings: The experts believed that the prevalence of pulmonary nodules was very high, and it that was difficult to diagnose early-stage lung cancer due to the small size of the nodules, often leading to delayed diagnosis or overtreatment. To address this issue and to improve long-term outcome, the panel considered important to revise the classification of high-risk IPNs, (1) as pulmonary nodules that cannot be clearly diagnosed with non-surgical biopsy procedures, but is highly suspicious for early-stage lung cancer. The panel also recommends the most responsible should arrange imaging evaluations and follow-ups, taking new technologies into account. Artificial intelligence (AI) assessment based on the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) can be combined with expert opinion to form a human–computer multidisciplinary team (MDT) that can fully implement the three core procedures of the MIoT, namely, comprehensive perception, reliable transmission, and intelligent processing. This will help to upgrade the non-standard diagnosis and treatment, the so-called “handicraft workshop model”, to a modern assembly-line model that meets international standards. The MIoT technology, which has the potential to realize “simplification of complex problems, digitalization of simple problems, programming of digital problems, and systematization of programming problems”, can promote the homogeneous evaluation of pulmonary nodules by enhancing both the sensitivity and the specificity of detecting early-stage lung cancer, in order to avoid delayed diagnosis and overtreatment. Conclusion: To optimize the evaluation of early-stage lung cancer, and to avoid delayed diagnosis and overtreatment, it is necessary to propose and promote the concept of “high-risk IPNs”. The application of current technologies, AI, and a human–computer MDT, will facilitate improvement in nodule evaluation, transforming the current diagnosis and treatment model, which is akin to production in handicraft workshops, into a modern assembly-line model that meets international standards, and will ultimately result in better prognosis.

Underwater Bionic Robot swarm has the advantages of high redundancy, flexible mobility and wide range of task execution, which can be applied to underwater environment monitoring, underwater target monitoring, resource exploration and other fields. For a long time, the problem of energy consumption is the focus on the application of Underwater Bionic Robot swarm engineering. This article draws on the sports advantages of biological clusters, from the perspective of hydrodynamic analysis, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot clusters. The main content includes a summary on the development status of the three key technologies of biological cluster movement energy saving mechanism, underwater bionic robot vortex field information perception and cluster cooperative control, and analysis and summary of the development trend of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot cluster.

Spin current generation from charge current in nonmagnetic materials promises an energy-efficient scheme for manipulating magnetization in spintronic devices. In some asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) materials, the Rashba and valley effects coexist owing to strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which induces the spin Hall effect due to spin-momentum locking of both effects. Herein, we propose a new Janus structure MoSiAs2Se with both valley physics and the Rashba effect and reveal an effective way to modulate the properties of this structure. The results demonstrated that applying an external electric field is an effective means to modulating the electronic properties of MoSiAs2Se, leading to both type I–II phase transitions and semiconductor–metal phase transitions. Furthermore, the coexistence of the Rashba and valley effects in monolayer MoSiAs2Se contributes to the spin Hall effect (SHE). The magnitude and direction of spin Hall conductivity can also be manipulated with an out-of-plane electric field. Our results enrich the physics and materials of the Rashba and valley systems, opening new opportunities for the applications of 2D Janus materials in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We explored the expression and prognostic value of GALNT6 and the tumor microenvironment of pan-cancer in humans. Methods: In this study, we explored the expression pattern of GALNT6 pan-cancer across multiple databases. The prognostic value of GALNT6 was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The types and numbers of GALNT6 gene alterations were exhibited using the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal. The correlations between GALNT6 expression and immune infiltration in cancers were analyzed using the database Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2. We also used the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the GALNT6 gene in tumorigenesis. The expression of GALNT6 was also further verified by qPCR in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Results: In general, compared with normal tissue, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of GALNT6. GALNT6 showed a protective effect in colon carcinoma and other cancers; however, a high expression level of GALNT6 was detrimental to survival in bladder cancer and in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Mutation, amplification, and deep deletion were the three main types of GALNT6 mutations in tumors. There was a significant positive correlation between GALNT6 expression and immune infiltration of CD8+ T-cells in skin cutaneous melanoma metastasis, based on most of the algorithms used. Moreover, protein processing- and glycoprotein metabolic-associated functions were involved in the functional mechanisms of GALNT6. Conclusion: This first pan-cancer study offers a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles of GALNT6 across different cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]