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The resistance characteristics of aero-engine high-altitude ice crystal particles will affect the movement of ice crystals. In order to explore the influence of different shapes of ice crystals on the drag coefficient, the paper adopts the method of high-speed camera tracking to investigate the drag coefficient of spherical particles and nonspherical particles(long cylinder, short cylinder and disk). The Reynolds number and drag coefficient of different particles are obtained according to the velocity of particles at uniform velocity, and the correlation formula for calculating drag coefficient of different particles in the working condition range is obtained by fitting experimental data.Finally, the correlation formula is verified by using experimental data other than fitting data. The results show that the Reynolds number ranges from 3 961 to 24 144. The average relative error between the calculated and experimental values of the four particle resistance coefficients is less than 5%.

传统塑性脂肪带来健康问题，液态油固化成为构建零反式、低饱和脂肪酸塑性脂肪替代品的新策略。蛋白质是优质的食品营养组分，是来源广泛的可再生资源，具有独特的界面特性。为扩大蛋白资源的应用范围及促进功能性油脂的开发，对蛋白质的结构化及蛋白基乳液模板法构建油凝胶（结构化油脂）研究进展进行了综述，同时介绍了蛋白基乳液模板法构建的油凝胶的应用。蛋白质在一定条件下可作为凝胶剂固化液态油；蛋白基乳液模板法构建油凝胶具有安全性高、对环境污染小等优点。采用蛋白基乳液模板法构建的油凝胶可应用于替代传统塑性脂肪、荷载生物活性成分方面。 The traditional plastic fats cause health problem, and solidification of liquid oil is considered as a new strategy to obtain plastic fat with zero-trans and low-saturated fatty acids. As a high quality nutrition component of food, protein is a renewable resource with a wide range of sources, and it has unique interface properties. To expanding protein applications and development of functional fats, the research progress of structuring protein and constructing oleogels by protein based emulsion template method was reviewed. The application of oleogels constructed by protein based emulsion template method was also summarized. Under certain conditions, protein could be used as a gelling agent to solidify liquid oil to prepare oleogels. Constructing oleogels by protein based emulsion template method has the advantages of high safety and low environmental pollution. The oleogels constructed by protein based emulsion template method could be used to replace traditional plastic fats and load bioactive ingredients.

In order to accurately forecast the change of natural gas demand under the condition of multi-dimensional influencing factors, the adaptive inertia weight factor was introduced to improve the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then, by combining the constructed Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm with the improved Tent mapping, hyper-parameter optimization was performed to the hidden layer nodes, the learning rounds and the initial learning rate in the Long Short-Time Memory Network (LSTM) model, so as to change the deficiency of the traditional LSTM model of setting the hyper-parameters empirically. Moreover, the calculation example was verified based on the subdivided data of 10 highly correlated influencing factors from 1999 to 2020, and the natural gas demand from 2021 to 2030 was forecasted. The results show that the improved Tent-APSO-LSTM model has the best optimization effect on the parameters and could be better applied to the gas demand forecasting in short and medium term.

ObjectiveTo provide a new idea for exploring the molecular genetic approach to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via construction of microRNA-messenger RNA （miRNA-mRNA） regulatory network in schizophrenia.MethodsThe microarray datasets of GSE54578 miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood and GSE145554 mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of schizophrenic subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database since July 2021. The GEO2R was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs， screen the miRNA with target differentially expressed mRNA， and predict their potential upstream transcription factors. The overlapping genes from the mRNA targeted by the differentially expressed miRNA and the mRNA differentially expressed in GSE145554 dataset were collected. Then the biological features of hub genes were analyzed via Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of hub genes were constructed.ResultsA total of 8 up-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs with targeted mRNA were screened out in GSE54578 datasets regarding schizophrenia， which involved in the regulation of 10 transcription factors， 247 down-regulated differentially expressed mRNAs were screened out in GSE145554 datasets， and 17 overlapping mRNAs were obtained. GO analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in astrocyte differentiation and development. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in Rap1 and Ras signaling pathways. PPI network analysis showed that the mRNAs （KRAS and CD28） might be key genes in schizophrenia.ConclusionThe integrated bioinformatics analysis based on GEO database can identify potential susceptibility genes in schizophrenia， and it also contributes to the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Xanthohumol is an isopentadienyl flavonoid in hops, which have several pharmacological effects. However, due to the poor bioavailability of xanthohumol, it cannot be widely used. RESULT: In this study, solvent extraction combined with preparative liquid chromatography was used to separate and purify xanthohumol in hop residue. And the purity, yield and recovery of xanthohumol was 983.0 ± 2.1 g kg−1, 921.61 ± 5.65 g kg−1, and 5.41 ± 0.07 g kg−1, respectively. Response surface methodology optimization revealed that 216.75 g kg−1 ethyl oleate, 574.1 g kg−1 polyoxyl‐35 castor oil (EL35) and 209.15 g kg−1 polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) produced the xanthohumol nanoemulsion with a loading capacity of 85.40 ± 0.33 g kg−1, mean droplet diameter of 42.35 ± 0.06 nm, and zeta potential of −21.78 ± 0.18 mV. CONCLUSION: Xanthohumol nanoemulsion has better relative stability. The relative oral bioavailability of xanthohumol nanoemulsion was increased by 1.76 times. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanoemulsion containing xanthohumol in food and pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft pitot tubes are sophisticated instruments designed to detect airflow pressure and relay this information to onboard computers and flight instruments, enabling the calculation of airspeed through the measurement of total-static pressure differences. The formation of ice on aircraft pitot tubes can compromise the acquisition of airspeed data, misguide pilots, and potentially cause catastrophic flight control failures. This article introduces a predictive methodology for identifying critical conditions that lead to icing on aircraft pitot tubes. Utilizing numerical simulation techniques, the methodology calculates the critical conditions for pitot tube icing across cruise flight regimes and atmospheric conditions, resulting in the generation of a critical condition envelope surface. By comparing these critical conditions against actual sensor data, a predictive danger zone can be established, offering an advanced warning system to ensure flight safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main issues faced in the operation of a metal foam centrifugal breather is the high pressure drop. This study investigates the pressure drop of a metal foam centrifugal breather. The numerical simulation research method is adopted. The DPM model is used to calculate the two-phase flow field of the metal foam breather, and the porous medium model is used to replace the metal foam at the breather. The resistance caused by the metal foam is replaced by a distributed resistance added to the fluid. The effects of flow rate, rotational speed, porosity, PPI (pores per inch), and temperature on the pressure drop of the breather are analyzed. The results indicate that rotational speed, flow rate, porosity, and PPI significantly influence the resistance of the metal foam centrifugal breather. The resistance of the breather is directly proportional to the rotational speed, flow rate, temperature, and metal foam pore density, and inversely proportional to the porosity. Temperature has a minor impact on the resistance of the metal foam centrifugal breather. Therefore, the metal foam centrifugal breather is more suitable for low-speed operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury is the most toxic and harmful heavy metal pollutant, and it is essential to detect and remove mercury from beverages. Inducing the porphyrin molecules into the chitosan structure, a novel membrane sensor tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin-grafted chitosan fiber membrane (TCPP-CS) was prepared by electrospinning method and applied to recognize Hg2+ contaminant selectively. Compared with other common metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mg2+, and Zn2+), the colorimetric sensor has specific color development and sensitivity to Hg2+ and the detection limit of the sensor reaches 1 × 10−5 mol·L−1. The response time of the membrane is 5 s, and it can be specifically colored in various pH environments convenient for practical application. Hg2+ resulted in a visual color change of the fiber membrane from brown to yellow-green, indicating a potential interaction between the porphyrin-functionalized chitosan fiber membrane and Hg2+ ions, and the wavelength shift of the UV–visible spectrum can be observed. It has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high selectivity, and high sensitivity, providing a new method for removing and detecting heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine and drinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fan rotor blades are critical components of aeroengines. When an aircraft flies in icing conditions, ice accumulation on the fan surface may lead to periodic shedding. Severe ice shedding can cause mechanical damage to the engine, posing significant safety risks. This study investigates ice accretion on the surface of ROTOR 67 rotor blades and their stress distribution. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the internal stress distribution of ice layers on the surface of rotating blades under different icing times and rotational speeds, especially the stress concentration of the areas at the contact surface between the ice layer and the blade. This study predicts the stress distribution of ice layers under different working conditions more accurately, which helps to identify potential ice layer fracture risks in advance. Moreover, it integrates the icing process, stress distribution, and shedding mechanism for analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective. It considers the interaction of various environmental factors and operating conditions, offering an in-depth understanding of ice layer behavior under complex working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study explored the effect of ultrasound on the stabilization of pea protein (PP)-high methoxyl pectin (HMP) complexes based emulsions to provide references for the development and utilization of pea protein. [Method] PP, HMP, PP-US and HMP-US were used as controls. Particle size, Zeta-potential, microstructure, apparent viscosity and creaming index of PP-HMP and PP-HMP-US based emulsions during storage were investigated. The oil-water interfacial behaviors of complexes were also studied to elucidate the relationship between interfacial behaviors and emulsion stability. [Result] Compared to PP and PP-US based emulsions, PP-HMP and PP-HMP-US based emulsions had smaller particle size and shear thinning rate, but had larger absolute value of Zeta-potential.The droplets of emulsions were uniformly distributed without creaming phenomenon during storage.Compared to PP-HMP based emulsions, particle size and apparent viscosity of PP-HMP-US based emulsions decreased, indicating that the emulsion was more stable during storage. According to the oil-water interfacial behaviors, ultrasound promoted the combination of PP and HMP, reduced the contact angle of PP-HMP complexes, and significantly improved the ability to reduce the interfacial tension of PP-HMP, which were conducive to emulsion stabilization. [Conclusion] Ultrasound improved the stability of PP-HMP-US based emulsions by reducing the contact angle of PP-HMP complexes and enhancing the oil-water interfacial behaviors of complexes and physico-chemical properties of PP-HMP-US based emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]