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ObjectiveTo explore long-term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab 300 mg compared with placebo in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who completed a Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP) trial and enrolled in the placebo-controlled 3-year long-term extension (LTE) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02794285).MethodsIn the blinded LTE study, patients continued anifrolumab 300 mg, switched from anifrolumab 150 mg to 300 mg, or were re-randomized from placebo to receive either anifrolumab 300 mg or to continue placebo, administered every 4 weeks. Primary comparisons in the LTE study were between patients who received anifrolumab 300 mg or placebo throughout the TULIP and LTE studies. For rare safety events, comparisons included patients who received any anifrolumab dose during TULIP or LTE. When exposure differed, exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient-years were calculated.ResultsIn the LTE study, EAIRs of serious adverse events (SAEs) were 8.5 with anifrolumab compared with 11.2 with placebo; likewise, EAIRs of AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were 2.5 versus 3.2, respectively. EAIRs of non-opportunistic serious infections were comparable between groups (3.7 with anifrolumab versus 3.6 with placebo). Exposure-adjusted event rates of COVID-related AEs, including asymptomatic infections, were 15.5 with anifrolumab compared with 9.8 with placebo. No COVID-related AEs occurred in fully vaccinated individuals. EAIRs of malignancy and major acute cardiovascular events were low and comparable between groups. Anifrolumab was associated with lower cumulative glucocorticoid use and greater mean improvement in the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000, compared with placebo.ConclusionThis LTE study represents the longest placebo-controlled clinical trial performed in SLE to date. No new safety findings were identified in the LTE study, supporting the favorable benefit-risk profile of anifrolumab for patients with moderate-to-severe SLE receiving standard therapy.

The spatial structure evolution of forests in karst areas is a key scientific issue in global forest research. In order to explore the dynamics of spatial structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, a study was conducted in Mulun National Nature Reserve, focusing on a fixed monitoring plot of 2 hm2. Based on data from three surveys conducted in 2007, 2012, and 2017, the dynamics of community spatial structure were analyzed using the spatial structure parameters, i. e., angular scale (Wi), mixing degree (Mi), and size ratio (Ui). The results were as follows: (1) The univariate distribution results of spatial structure parameters revealed that the forest structure gradually shifted towards a slightly clumped distribution state as the stand age increased between 2007 and 2017. The mixing degree was at a level of strong mixing and showed a tendency towards extreme mixing. In terms of the size ratio, the stand exhibited a moderate state, shifting towards subdominance as the stand grew. (2) The study of spatial structure for different diameter classes of trees showed that the anglular scale, size ratio, and mixing degree of trees in diameter classes 1-15 cm gradually increased with stand growth. As the diameter class increased, the values of the size ratio showed a decreasing trend while the mixing degree showed an increasing trend. (3) The study of spatial structure for dominant tree species revealed that, during the period from 2007 to 2017, all five dominant tree species groups exhibited a slightly clumped distribution. The size ratio showed a tendency towards subdominance and a moderate distribution state, while the mixing level was at a high degree and gradually shifted towards extreme mixing. In conclusion, the karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mulun currently exhibits a slightly clumped distribution, a strong degree of mixing, and a tendency towards subdominance. The community is relatively stable, the stand regeneration is in good condition, and the forest is gradually transitioning towards a climax community. The analysis of the dynamic changes in vegetation structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests is of great significance for predicting the future development and changes of forests.

According to previous studies of theory of mind (ToM), social environment and cultural background affect individuals' cognitive ability to understand other people's minds. There are cross-group differences in ToM. The present study aimed to examine whether social environment and culture affect the ToM in Uygur and Han groups and whether the individual's cognitive ToM and affective ToM show in-group advantages. Han and Uygur college students were recruited as participants. The "self/other differentiation task" was used to measure cognitive ToM (Study 1), and the "Yoni task" was used to measure both cognitive and affective ToM (Study 2). We found that Han participants processed the cognitive and affective states of others faster and more accurately than Uygur ones. Uygur and Han participants processed in-group members' cognitive and affective states faster and more accurately. Furthermore, Uygur participants were more accurate in the cognitive ToM processing of in-group members, while Han participants were faster in the affective ToM processing of in-group members. The findings indicated that ethnic culture and group identify might influence ToM processing. Strengthening exchanges between ethnic groups may enable individuals to better process out-group members' psychological states.

This study aimed to shed light on how school principals' motivating style (need-supportive and need-thwarting) influences teachers' job crafting (approach and avoidance crafting). Drawing on the dual-process model within self-determination theory as an explanatory framework, we examined the mediating role of psychological needs (need satisfaction and frustration) and work motivation (autonomous and controlled motivation) as motivational mechanisms in these relationships. Data were collected from 453 Chinese primary and secondary school teachers. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that need satisfaction and autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between school principals' need-supporting styles and teachers' approach job crafting ('bright' motivating pathway). Need frustration and controlled motivation fully mediated the relationship between school principals' need-supporting styles and teachers' avoidance job crafting (a cross-path). Moreover, school principals' need-thwarting styles are positively and indirectly related to teachers' avoidance job crafting through need frustration and controlled motivation ('dark' motivating pathway) and indirectly related to teachers' approach job crafting through need satisfaction and autonomous motivation (a cross-path). This study extended the dual-process of self-determination theory to explain the leader motivating styles-job crafting relationship and motivational mechanisms underlying these relations., Author(s): Guoqiang Wu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Lijin Zhang [sup.1] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Xiaoting Liu [sup.1] , Yuan Liang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412498.2, 0000 0004 1759 8395, School of Psychology, [...]

This study investigated the influence of spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) tendency on the performance and estimation patterns on number line estimation (NLE). To examine this question, 147 preschoolers (3.51-4.52 years) completed two types of SFON task (referenced SFON task and non-referenced SFON task) and three conditions of NLE (non-symbolic area, number-to-position, and position-to-number). The participants' SFON tendencies were classified as high, average, and poor using latent profile analysis. Children with high SFON tendency performed better and preferred to use more advanced strategy than their poor-SFON peers on NLE tasks. The proportion of children with irregular NLE pattern increased as SFON tendency decreased. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between performance patterns of different NLEs and SFON tendencies for preschool children.

Research Findings: Low-socioeconomic status (SES) (intervention group, n = 31; control group, n = 32) and middle/high-SES (reference group, n = 33) 5-year-old Chinese kindergartners were screened through SES and IQ test. Their number sense was examined over five time points. The pretest was conducted at the beginning of the fall semester, followed by three immediate posttests monthly. Math play training was administrated to the intervention group and story reading to the other two groups during this time. Lastly, a delayed posttest was conducted two months later after the last immediate posttest. All the interventions were carried out in small groups, 15-30 minutes sessions, 2 days per week for 12 weeks. The promotion effect of math play training was monitored based on response to intervention (RtI) paradigm. Utilizing latent growth modeling, we found that the intervention group got significant improvement in number sense and almost caught up with the middle/high-SES group after training, and the intervention effects persisted for two months. The control group had the slowest rate of progress and significantly lower scores than the other two groups. Practice or Policy: RtI-based mathematical game intervention could improve the number sense level and growth rate of preschoolers in rural areas.

Objective To explore the risk factors and establish a prediction model of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in postmenopausal women without neoplasms. Methods A total of 268 postmenopausal women with suspected VTE without neoplasms admitted to our department from May 2018 to December 2019 were divided into VTE group (n=42) and non-VTE group (n=226) based on color Doppler ultrasound findings. The clinical data of the 2 groups were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors of VTE. The prediction model was established based on the identified risk factors and evaluated for its sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the prediction accuracy. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus (OR=15.318, 95%CI: 6.563-74.275, P=0.036), a Caprini score ≥5 (OR=7.737, 95%CI: 2.459-13.168, P=0.012), D-dimer >0.5 mg/L (OR=10.602, 95%CI: 3.767-17.706, P=0.000), triglycerides (TG)>1.7 mmol/L (OR=2.651, 95%CI: 1.238-5.357, P=0.002), luteinizing hormone (LH)>52.3 IU/L (OR=1.539, 95%CI: 1.127-4.673, P=0.031), and estradiol (E2) < 30 nmol/L (OR=1.164, 95%CI: 1.064-2.058, P=0.047) as the risk factors for VTE in postmenopausal women without neoplasms. Based on these risk factors, the prediction model for VTS was derived: Prob=1/(e^-Y), where Y=36.578-2.729×combined diabetes-2.046×Caprini score-2.361×serum D-dimer-0.975×serum TG-0.431×serum LH-0.152×serum E2. ROC curve analysis showed that this prediction model had an AUC of 0.915 with a sensitivity of 90.30% and a specificity of 94.10%. The verification results showed that this model had an accuracy of 88.43% for predicting VTE in postmenopausal women without neoplasms. Conclusion Diabetes, a Caprini score ≥5, a D-dimer level >0.5 mg/L, a TG level >1.7 mmol/L, a LH level >52.3 U/L, and an E2 level < 30 nmol/L are all risk factors of VTE in postmenopausal women without neoplasms. The predictive model constructed based on these risk factors can effectively assess the risk of VTE in these women.

Karstification plays a crucial role in forming magnificent scenery, and storing oil, natural gas, mineral resources, and water. Through the inspiration of karstification, a hierarchical layered double hydroxide (LDH) with funnel-like and cave-like structures (called Karst-LDH) is formed by the dissolution of acrylic acid/water solution. Meanwhile, the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that Karst-LDH has complicated and interconnected internal pipe networks. The actual maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of Karst-LDH reaches 126.38 mg g−1 due to the unique structures, protonation, ligand exchange, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding, which is over ten times that of general LDH with a regular hexagonal structure. The results of isotherms and thermodynamics also indicate that Karst-LDH conforms to more heterogeneous and multilayer adsorption with a higher entropy-driven process. Karst-LDH exhibits good selectivity for chloride and nitrate ions. The change in the frontier orbital interaction between phosphate and different LDHs is a significant reason for quick macropore transmission, mesopore interception, and finally, phosphate storage in Karst-LDH. This work provides an efficient way for the design and fabrication of high adsorption performance materials with unique karst-type structures, which can be used for multiple fields potentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]