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Steel scraps are renewable resources and indispensable iron resources for the iron and steel industry. In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it is crucial to reconstruct the technology system for steel scrap recycling and utilization and innovate the management mode of steel scrap resources, so as to fundamentally crack the bottleneck of high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scraps for the green and low-carbon transformation of the iron and steel industry. This study analyzes the development status of the global steel scrap industry by comparison, predicts the changing trend of raw steel output and steel scrap resources in China, and proposes the possible existence of full steel scrap smelting in China around 2060. Moreover, the development directions of standardization, informatization, digitalization, and intelligentization of the steel scrap industry are summarized. The pressing problems and challenges regarding steel scrap recycling and utilization in China are systematically sorted out in terms of standards and institutional system, precise classification and recycling, material design based on extended producer responsibility (EPR), and digital identity parsing. On this basis, a new “4F5Z” pattern is innovatively proposed for the high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scrap resources, and its organizational framework and implementation strategy are clearly given. Specifically, the EPR system should be implemented in a coordinated manner toward a possible era of full steel scraps and from the aspects of the full life cycle, full production process, and full industrial chain (“4F”) of steel materials, thus to realize the sorted management, recycling, and reuse of steel scrap resources. Meanwhile, the digitalization, informatization, labelling, and networking of full production process management should be strengthened and gradually transition to the robotization of high-quality steel scrap dismantling and recycling (“5Z”). Furthermore, to provide a solid guarantee for the full implementation of the “4F5Z” pattern, we propose the following suggestions: (1) improving the system, technology, and management for EPR implementation in the iron and steel industry, (2) strengthening the construction of a standards system for the steel scrap industry, (3) strengthening the digital labelling and analysis of the entire industrial chain and the whole life cycle of iron and steel materials, and (4) reinforcing the sorted collection, recycling, and reuse of steel scraps in key industries.

Objective: To investigate the causal association between immune cell and different types of sepsis by using Mendelian randomization (MR) method, and to find the immune cell phenotypes causally associated with sepsis., Methods: Summary data for various circulating immune cell phenotypes were obtained from the GWAS catalog (GCST90001391-GCST90002121). Sepsis data were sourced from the UK Biobank database. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were used as instrumental variables. The correlation threshold of P < 5×10 -6 was used to identify the strongly correlated instrumental variables, and the code was used to remove the linkage disequilibrium and the instrumental variables with F-value < 10. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main research method to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression and Leave one out. Reverse MR analysis was performed based on the immunophenotypic results of the removal of horizontal pleiotropy, and the immune cell phenotype with one-way causal association was obtained. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to represent the effect value of the results., Results: CD16 on CD14 - CD16 + ; monocyte had horizontal pleiotropy in sepsis (OR = 0.965 4, 95%CI was 0.933 5-0.998 3, P = 0.039 6). There were five immunophenotypes that had reverse causal associations with the types associated with sepsis. After excluding immune cell phenotypes with horizontal pleiotropy and reverse causation, a total of 42 immune cell phenotypes with sepsis, 36 immune cell phenotypes with sepsis (28-day death in critical care), 32 immune cell phenotypes with sepsis (critical care), 44 immune cell phenotypes with sepsis (28-day death), and 30 immune cell phenotypes had potential causal associations with sepsis (under 75 years old). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, the correlations between BAFF-R on IgD - CD38br and sepsis (28-day death) were negative and strong (OR = 0.737 8, 95%CI was 0.635 9-0.856 0, P = 6.05×10 -5 , P FDR = 0.044 2)., Conclusions: A variety of immune cell phenotypes may have a protective effect on sepsis, especially BAFF-R on IgD - CD38br expression is negatively correlated with sepsis (28-day death), which provides a new idea for immune modulation therapy in sepsis.

Three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetals have hitherto stimulated unprecedented research interests as a new class of quantum materials. Breaking certain types of symmetries has been proposed to enable the manipulation of Dirac fermions, and that was soon realized by external modulations such as magnetic fields. However, an intrinsic manipulation of Dirac states, which is more efficient and desirable, remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a systematic study of quasi-particle dynamics and band evolution in Cd 3 As 2 thin films with controlled chromium (Cr) doping by both magneto-infrared spectroscopy and electrical transport. We observe the √B relation of inter-Landau-level resonance in Cd 3 As 2 , an important signature of ultrarelativistic massless state inaccessible in previous optical experiments. A crossover from quantum to quasi-classical behavior makes it possible to directly probe the mass of Dirac fermions. Importantly, Cr doping allows for a Dirac mass acquisition and topological phase transition enabling a desired dynamic control of Dirac fermions. Corroborating with the density-functional theory calculations, we show that the mass generation can be explained by the explicit C 4 rotation symmetry breaking and the resultant Dirac gap engineering through Cr substitution for Cd atoms. The manipulation of the system symmetry and Dirac mass in Cd 3 As 2 thin films provides a tuning knob to explore the exotic states stemming from the parent phase of Dirac semimetals.