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The floating toe deformity is classified as a forefoot deformity wherein the distal portion of the toe does not establish touch with the ground, resulting in a suspended or elevated position while the finger is in a relaxed state. At first, it garnered considerable interest as a complication It is worth noting that this condition is particularly common in children under the age of 8, which usually disappears as the individual reaches maturity. Studies have shown that with the aggravation of floating toe deformity, its adverse effects on patients' gait and overall quality of life also increase. Despite the prevalence of floating toe deformity in clinical settings, there is a lack of comprehensive literature investigating its underlying causes and potential preventive strategies. This scope review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) statement guidelines for scope reviews. The literature was obtained from various full‐text databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science Database. Our search focused on published literature related to floating toes, Weil osteotomy, and distal metatarsal osteotomy, up until March 1, 2023. The literature search and data analysis are conducted by two independent reviewers. If there are any disagreements, a third researcher will participate in the discussion and negotiate a decision. Furthermore, two experienced foot and ankle surgeons conducted a thorough literature analysis for this review. Sixty‐two articles were included. Through the clinical analysis of the structural changes of the forefoot before and after operation, the classification of floating toe was described, the causes of pathological floating toe were summarized, and the possible intervention measures for the disease were put forward under the advice of foot and ankle surgery experts. We comprehensively summarize the current knowledge system about the etiology of floating toe and put forward the corresponding intervention strategy. We recommend that future studies will focus on the improvement of surgical procedures, such as the combination of Weil osteotomy, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis and flexor tendon arthrodesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the shortcoming that Boost converter can obtain high voltage gain under the limit duty cycle, a new type of high-gain converter is proposed on the basis of the traditional Sepic converter. The converter retains the advantages of the continuous input current of the Sepic converter, by introducing a passive clamp circuit, the voltage stress of the switch tube is reduced, at the same time, the leakage inductance and the capacitor in the circuit have a resonance process, effectively reducing the impact of the diode reverse recovery problem. The working process of the converter in each switching mode was analyzed in detail, the voltage gain expression of the converter was deduced, and the voltage stress of the switching device were calculated. A 100 W experimental prototype was made, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified through experiments.

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Conventional bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) uses a bridge influence line to find the axle weights of passing vehicles that minimize the sum of squares of differences between theoretical and measured responses. An alternative approach, probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion (pBWIM), is proposed here. The pBWIM approach uses a probabilistic influence line and seeks to find the most probable axle weights, given the measurements. The inferred axle weights are those with the greatest probability amongst all possible combinations of values. The measurement sensors used in pBWIM are similar to BWIM, containing free-of-axle detector sensors to calculate axle spacings and vehicle speed and weighing sensors to record deformations of the bridge. The pBWIM concept is tested here using a numerical model and a bridge in Slovenia. In a simulation, 200 randomly generated 2-axle trucks pass over a 6 m long simply supported beam. The bending moment at mid-span is used to find the axle weights. In the field tests, 77 pre-weighed trucks traveled over an integral slab bridge and the strain response in the soffit at mid-span was recorded. Results show that pBWIM has good potential to improve the accuracy of BWIM. Key words: bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM), probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion (pBWIM), bridge load modelling, vehicle loading, vehicle-bridge interaction finite element. Le pesage dynamique de pont (PDP) traditionnel a recours a une ligne d'influence de pont pour trouver les poids des essieux de vehicules passants qui minimisent la somme des carres de differences entre les reponses theoriques et mesurees. Une autre approche, soit le pesage dynamique de pont probabiliste (PDPP), est proposee ici. L'approche PDPP utilise une ligne d'influence probabiliste et cherche a trouver les poids les plus probables des essieux, etant donne les mesures. Les poids d'essieux inferes sont ceux ayant la plus grande probabilite parmi toutes les combinaisons possibles de valeurs. Les capteurs de mesure utilises pour le PDPP sont semblables a ceux pour le PDP, disposant de capteurs a detection libre d'essieux (DLE) pour calculer les espacements d'essieux et la vitesse de vehicules et de capteurs de poids pour enregistrer les deformations du pont. Le concept du PDPP est mis a l'essai ici utilisant un modele numerique et un pont en Slovenie. Dans le cadre d'une simulation, on genere de facon aleatoire deux cents camions qui passent sur une poutre simple de 6 m de long. Le moment flechissant au milieu de la travee est utilise pour trouver les poids des essieux. Dans le cadre des essais sur le terrain, soixante-dix-sept camions prepeses ont traverse un pont-dalle sans joints et la reponse en deformation de la sous-face au milieu de la travee a ete enregistree. Les resultats indiquent que le PDPP a un bon potentiel pour pouvoir ameliorer l'exactitude du PDP. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : pesage dynamique de pont (PDP), pesage dynamique de pont probabiliste (PDPP), modelisation de charge de pont, chargement de vehicules, interaction vehicules-pont par elements finis., 1. Introduction As the main imposed loads on a bridge, the weights of vehicles play an important role in determining its safety (Yu et al. 2016). With increasing vehicle loading [...]

Efficiency and compactness are core strengths of the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2 ) Brayton cycle, which is considered an alternative to the steam Rankine cycle for moderate-temperature heat sources (350–800 °C). Numerical investigations on system design and analysis have received considerable attention, with the aim of improving the sCO 2 cycle from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. This paper reviews and compares previous studies in the literature to survey different cycle layouts, operating parameters, and working fluids of the sCO 2 cycle. Performance enhancement approaches are categorized into three classes according to characteristics: conventional methods, CO 2 mixtures, and combined cycles. The strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of each categorized method are discussed. This research is expected to provide a roadmap for performance improvement that meets the interests of researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous urbanization leads to a large number of land lost farmers pouring into the city, and the social integration of these people has become an important research topic of urban renewal. By means of field exploration and in-depth visit, this paper investigates and collates the data of some typical urban residual spaces where new industrial workers live, and finds that these spaces have common spatial characteristics, such as single spatial level, poor ecological environment and lack of landscape facilities. Then, by using statistical analysis and structural model, the comparative analysis of different types of space, and finds that the use of ecological compensation regulation can form a reasonable spatial layout, high-quality ecological effects and rich service facilities, so as to improve the spatial quality of urban residual space and provide highquality space environment for new industrial workers, Promote social integration, social integration of workers in new industries.

Solar energy is a new renewable energy. Using solar energy to generate electricity is an effective means to achieve sustainable development. The huge roof at the top of the airport is a natural interface to receive solar energy, which can be used to supply the energy needed by the airport through building integrated photovoltaic design. However, due to the curved shape of the airport roof, there are limitations in solar energy acquisition and construction of the airport roof. In this paper, the method of “ruled surface fitting-solar radiation analysis-modular unit arrangement” is used to optimize the shape of the non-linear airport roof, and convert the complex roof surface shape into a straight line with good sunlight performance and easy construction. The ruled surface can better integrate BIPV and nonlinear airport, and improve the solar power generation efficiency of the building, thus improving the sustainable performance of the building.

Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is an important sea airdrome in China. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of this reclamation on the water quality of the Northwestern Bay of Hong Kong (NWBHK). In all, 117 Landsat 5 TM and 44 Landsat 8 OLI images were preprocessed and matched with the marine water data of 18 in situ monitoring points, acquiring 458 and 119 sets of data, respectively. This study adopted BPNN Machine Learning methods to establish the retrieval algorithm. Based on the images, the construction of HKIA was divided into three stages: (1) the construction of the first and second runways from 1992 to 1995; (2) the construction of the Hong Kong Port from 2013 to 2016; and (3) the construction of the third runway from 2017 to 2020. The concentrations of suspended particulate matter, orthophosphate phosphorus, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen from 1986 to 2022 were retrieved. In this paper, it was found that (1) the construction activities led to an increase in SPM, PO4P, and DIN concentrations in adjacent water bodies; (2) the impact of the Tuen Mun River on the NWBHK increased, while the impact of the Tung Chung River on the NWBHK decreased; and (3) the interception impact of HKIA on the transportation of the Pearl River water became stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an updated vehicle-tire contact force model to simulate vehicle-bridge interaction, considering the tire contact area and the thickness of the bridge wearing surface. In contrast to the traditional methods of using a single-point tire contact force with a moving average filter, the proposed model uses multiple-point contact forces to account for the tire contact area. Results show that both the longitudinal and transverse distribution of tire contact force have a significant effect. Key words: vehicle-bridge interaction, dynamics, contact force, tire, moving average filter. Cet article propose un nouveau modele de la force de contact du vehicule-pneu en vue de simuler l'interaction vehicule-pont, et ce, en tenant compte de la zone de contact du pneu et de l'epaisseur de la couche d'usure du pont. Le modele propose, par contraste avec les methodes conventionnelles utilisant une force de contact du pneu en un seul point a l'aide d'un filtre a moyenne mobile, utilise des forces de contact en de multiples points pour tenir compte de la zone de contact du pneu. Les resultats montrent que la distribution tant longitudinale que transversale de la force de contact du pneu a un effet significatif. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: interaction vehicule-pont, dynamique, force de contact, pneu, filtre a moyenne mobile., 1. Introduction Since the early 1900s, researchers have addressed the problem of dynamic vehicle bridge interaction (VBI) (Timoshenko 1908). Olsson (1985) obtained the modal coordinates of bridges with the finite [...]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-osteoporosis therapy on plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods: In 60 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD), PAC and PRC were measured before and after treatment with alendronate (70 mg/week, n=22) or recombinant human parathyroid hormone (20 μg/day, n=35) for 48 weeks.Results: PAC was negatively correlated with the T-score of lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD (lumbar r=-0.386, p<0.01; femoral neck r=-0.262, p<0.05). With the improvement in lumbar BMD after anti-osteoporosis treatment (T-score -3.4±0.5 vs. -3.1 ±0.4, p<0.0001), PAC decreased from 182.8±53.2 to 143.7±68.6 pg/mL (p<0.0001), PRC increased from 7.8±11.6 to 39.2±50.0 μIU/mL (p<0.0001) and the ARR decreased from 74.8±75.2 to 13.1±17.1 pg/μIU (p<0.0001). At baseline, 58% (35/60) of the patients had an ARR >37 pg/μIU, and the proportion decreased to 8% (5/57) after treatment.Conclusion: Treatment with alendronate or parathyroid hormone causes decreased PAC and increased PRC, resulting in a decreased ARR in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines a Virtual Monitoring approach for fatigue life assessment of orthotropic steel deck bridges. Bridge weigh-in-motion was used to calculate traffic loads which were then used to calculate "virtual" strains. Some of these strains were checked through long-term monitoring of dynamic strain data. Field tests, incorporating calibration with pre-weighed trucks and monitoring the response to regular traffic, were conducted at Fochen Bridge, which has an orthotropic steel deck and is located in Foshan City, China. In the calibration tests, a 45-t 3-axle truck ran repeatedly across Lane 2, the middle lane in a 3-lane carriageway. The results show that using an influence surface to weigh vehicles can improve the accuracy of the weights and, by inference, of remaining service life calculations. The most fatigue-prone position was found to be at the cutout in the diaphragms. Results show that many vehicles are overweight—the maximum gross vehicle weight recorded was 148 t, nearly 3.6 times heavier than the fatigue design truck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six types of 1D Eu(OH) 3 nanostructures with typical morphologies, including short hexagonal prism, long hexagonal prism, coiling rod, short rod, long rod, and nanobunch, were synthesized via the hydrothermal route using EuCl 3 and NaOH as raw materials. The morphologies, sizes, structures, and compositions of the as-prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different reaction conditions on the morphology and size of the products were also investigated, and the relevant growth mechanism was assessed. Results showed that the geometric features of Eu(OH) 3 are affected by the precursor pH and reaction time and temperature; among these factors, precursor pH played a key role in controlling the morphologies of the resulting Eu(OH) 3 nanostructures. The fluorescence properties of the six Eu(OH) 3 nanostructures were analyzed, and typical photoluminescence emission peaks due to the 5 D 0 - 7 F J ( J = 1-4) transition of Eu 3+ were noted. Moreover, the intensity of the emission peak of the products at 616 nm was slightly weaker than that at 592 nm. This finding reflects the high site symmetry of Eu 3+ in the Eu(OH) 3 nanostructures., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)