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Slow slip events (SSEs) are interpreted as the transient quasi-static fault deformation in the deep transition zone from locked to freely slipping in many subduction zones. Using continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) data collected in New Zealand, we estimate the spatiotemporal evolution model during the 2019 SSE and analyze the influence of subduction interface heterogeneity on seismicity during SSEs at the Hikurangi margin. The results reveal that the 2019 SSE extends from the northern (Gisborne) to the central (Hawke's Bay) Hikurangi subduction interface and decays rapidly within approximately 3-4 weeks. It releases a total seismic moment of about 4.83 × 1019 N·m (Mw 6.8), with a significant slip in Gisborne and a secondary slip in Hawke's Bay. The slip depths are similar, but peaks, durations, and rates differ slightly. By combining previous SSEs (2011-2019), diverse characteristics are concluded, i.e., shorter duration and more frequency in Gisborne and relatively longer duration and less frequency in Hawke's Bay. The seismicity offshore and onshore indicates along-strike variations, which appear to be spatially correlated with the variations in topography, such as subduction seamounts. The heterogeneities on the subduction interface are related to the spatiotemporal distribution of SSEs and seismicity along the Hikurangi margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainy is one of the most common weather. It is difficult to get clear and accurate background information when shooting outdoors in the rain. At the same time, these videos often have complex background depth and highly dynamic scenes. To address this problem, we propose a two-stage method for video deraining through adjacent frames alignment and multi-frame fusion. For adjacent frames, especially for large complex dynamic scenes, we combine optical flow and superpixel matching to achieve fine-grained alignment of scene content at the pixel level and semantic level. Optical flow is used to preprocess global frame alignment. Meanwhile, considering that the image scene depth range is large, we segment the target deraining image into smaller perceptual units superpixel (SP). It can better align the scene content of adjacent frames and the content details are well preserved. Aligned adjacent frames serve as input for subsequent fusion deraining. In the multi-frame fusion stage, a deep multi-frame fusion deraining neural network is designed, which uses the temporal and spatial information of multiple frames to compensate and restore the details of the target deraining images, and outputs clean images. Experiments show that our method can achieve good rain removal results. Visual inspection showed that rain was better eliminated. Extensive experiments on a series of synthetic and real videos with rain streaks verify the superiority of the proposed method over previous state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA modification is a key regulatory mechanism involved in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and the immune response. However, the potential role of RNA modification "writer" genes in the immune microenvironment of gliomas and their effect on the response to immunotherapy remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of RNA modification "writer" gene in the prognosis and immunotherapy response of low-grade glioma (LGG). The consensus non-negative matrix factorization (CNMF) method was used to identify different RNA modification subtypes. We used a novel eigengene screening method, the variable neighborhood learning Harris Hawks optimizer (VNLHHO), to screen for eigengenes among the RNA modification subtypes. We constructed a principal components analysis score(PCA_score)-based prognostic prediction model and validated it using an independent cohort. We also analyzed the association between PCA_score and the immune and molecular features of LGG. The results suggested that LGG can be divided into two different RNA modification-based subtypes with distinct prognostic and molecular features. High PCA_score was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in LGG and was an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram containing PCA_score and clinical features was constructed, and it showed a significant predictive value. PCA_score was negatively correlated with tumor purity and the abundance of CD4+ T cells in LGG patients. LGG patients with high PCA_score had lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion scores and showed an immunotherapy response. In conclusion, we report a novel RNA modification-based prognostic model for LGG that lays the foundation for evaluating LGG prognosis and developing more effective therapeutic strategies for these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling physics between multiple coaxial antennas separated axially along plasma column produced by helicon antenna are investigated. Experiments are carried out on a recently built device, named Physics ANd Thruster oriented HElicon Research (PANTHER) with the upgrade of second‐stage antennas. Mutual induction currents on these antennas are measured for two cases: without plasma discharge and with plasma discharge, respectively. It is found that the existence of a plasma column going through these antennas increases the coupling effects among them significantly. Theoretical analyses from the perspectives of transformer and magnetic permeability and moment confirm the reasonability of this phenomenon. Equivalent circuit models and governing equations are provided for preliminary analyses, covering both single‐antenna‐driven cases and dual‐antenna‐driven cases. The effects of confining magnetic field and background pressure on the mutual coupling are shown as well. This work is of particular interest for electrodeless plasma source or thruster which employs multiple coaxial antennas for ionization and acceleration. The analogy of a plasma column going through multiple antennas to a magnetic core for a transformer is an innovative attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression profiling has played a significant role in the identification and classification of tumor molecules. In gene expression data, only a few feature genes are closely related to tumors. It is a challenging task to select highly discriminative feature genes, and existing methods fail to deal with this problem efficiently. This article proposes a novel metaheuristic approach for gene feature extraction, called variable neighborhood learning Harris Hawks optimizer (VNLHHO). First, the F -score is used for a primary selection of the genes in gene expression data to narrow down the selection range of the feature genes. Subsequently, a variable neighborhood learning strategy is constructed to balance the global exploration and local exploitation of the Harris Hawks optimization. Finally, mutation operations are employed to increase the diversity of the population, so as to prevent the algorithm from falling into a local optimum. In addition, a novel activation function is used to convert the continuous solution of the VNLHHO into binary values, and a naive Bayesian classifier is utilized as a fitness function to select feature genes that can help classify biological tissues of binary and multi-class cancers. An experiment is conducted on gene expression profile data of eight types of tumors. The results show that the classification accuracy of the VNLHHO is greater than 96.128% for tumors in the colon, nervous system and lungs and 100% for the rest. We compare seven other algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of the VNLHHO in terms of the classification accuracy, fitness value and AUC value in feature selection for gene expression data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As novel "post lithium‐ion batteries," sodium‐ion batteries/potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) are emerging and show bright prospect in large‐scale energy storage applications due to abundant Na/K resources. Further benefits of this technology include, its low cost, chemical inertness and safety. Extensive research findings have demonstrated that carbon‐based materials are promising candidates for both SIBs and PIBs. Although the two alkali‐ion batteries have similar internal components and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, in carbon‐based materials the storage/release behaviors of Na+ and K+ are not exactly the same. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of Na+/K+ storage behaviors in carbon anode materials is lacking. It is absolutely imperative to understand these mechanisms more clearly to achieve ideal performance. Herein, three potential Na+/K+ storage/release behaviors are discussed, which are i) intercalation/deintercalation mechanism, ii) adsorption/desorption mechanism, and iii) pore‐filling mechanism. This review not only attempts to summarize the development status of carbon anode materials (graphite, graphene, hard carbon and soft carbon), but also provides a comprehensive comparison (mechanism, capacity, rate capability, diffusion coefficient, cyclability, potassiation/sodiation potential) between SIBs and PIBs. Finally, critical issues and perspectives are discussed to demonstrate possible development directions for carbon anode materials for SIBs and PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As the pivotal component, separators play the important role in electrochemical performance and even determine the safety of batteries to a great extent. Here, a kind of modified polyacrylonitrile/silica-aerogel (M-PSA) as high-safety separator for lithium/sodium-ion battery is reported, which is obtained as follows: the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nonwoven prepared through electrospinning, is modified by hydrolysis of its nitrile group and then, in-situ growth of silica-aerogel on it. The as-synthesized M-PSA can enhance the chemical stability in conventional electrolytes, such as ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC/PC), ethylene carbonate/methyl-carbonate (EC/DMC) and diglyme. It shows high porosity and excellent affinity to these conventional electrolytes. More importantly, the M-PSA separator could hold its structural integrity at 250 °C and no severe shrinkage at 350 °C (80.06% of separator area retention) indicating excellent thermal stability. Electrochemical measurements of the M-PSA separator are tested in lithium battery and sodium battery (half cells and full cells), respectively, exhibiting good cycle performance and fast kinetics. The M-PSA separator is promising as high-safety separator for advanced lithium/sodium-ion batteries for widely applications. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • A new M-PSA separator is prepared by growth of silica-aerogel on hydrolyzed PAN nonwoven. • This M-PSA separator exhibits high heat-resistant temperature of 280 °C (no shrinkage). • This composite separator possesses excellent wettability for conventional electrolyte. • The Li/Na-ion batteries with the separator exhibit good cycle performance and fast kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract China has launched a series of low-carbon policies that promote the diffusion of green technologies, in order to advance what is now the world's largest manufacturing area toward more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Specifically, alliances between manufacturers (as one of the policy initiatives) have been set up to expedite technology diffusion. What are the patterns of technology diffusion in the alliance, and what are the effects of low carbon policy on the diffusion of technology in the alliance? Using game-based theory, this paper builds an evolutionary game model of technology diffusion between enterprises in the context of a complex network. In particular, it simulates the effects of a carbon trading market, environmental taxes, and innovation subsides, on green technology diffusion of manufacturing firms in a BA scale-free network (Barabási–Albert model) in China. The results show that various levels of policy-implementation (especially the market-based policies) lead to different rates of diffusion. This study provides insights on green diffusion policies and the effectiveness of their implementation in inter-firm alliances. Highlights • Explain how low-carbon policy promotes the green diffusion among alliance-based firms in China. • Evolutionary game and complex network are used to construct the technology diffusion model among alliance-based firms. • Different Policies have different effects on green technology diffusion among alliance-based in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of graphitic carbon materials in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is severely hindered by slow K +-intercalation kinetics and severe volume changes during (de)potassiation process. It is challenging but necessary to achieve satisfactory carbon anode with good structural stability and rapid K +-intercalation rate at low potential. Herein, we theoretically investigated the relationship between K intercalation behavior and carbon interlayer spacing by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, and proposed that kinetics of K intercalation improves gradually with the expanding of interlayer spacing. We accordingly constructed a free-standing carbon sponge material with moderate interlayer spacing and porous hollow structure, which achieves synergistically boosting K +-intercalation rate at low potential and enhancing structural stability. As a result, the porous hollow carbon sponge provides rapid K +-intercalation rate at high current density and accommodate volume variety to ensure excellent structural stability during the long-term (de)potassiation process (over 1000 cycles). Moreover, the full cell is successfully assembled with outstanding cycling performance (over 500 cycles) and high voltage output (2.0–3.7 V). This work provides a novel strategy for developing high-performance graphitic carbon anode with rapid K +-intercalation rate and high structural stability for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In biomedical data mining, the gene dimension is often much larger than the sample size. To solve this problem, we need to use a feature selection algorithm to select feature gene subsets with a strong correlation with phenotype to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis. This paper presents a new three-stage hybrid feature gene selection method, that combines a variance filter, extremely randomized tree, and whale optimization algorithm. First, a variance filter is used to reduce the dimension of the feature gene space, and an extremely randomized tree is used to further reduce the feature gene set. Finally, the whale optimization algorithm is used to select the optimal feature gene subset. We evaluate the proposed method with three different classifiers in seven published gene expression profile datasets and compare it with other advanced feature selection algorithms. The results show that the proposed method has significant advantages in a variety of evaluation indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant evidence has indicated that the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients is highly complicated by the tumour immune microenvironment. We retrieved the clinical data and gene expression data of CM patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for modelling and validation analysis. Based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and consensus clustering analysis, CM patients were classified into three immune level groups, and the differences in the tumour immune microenvironment and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Seven immune-related CM prognostic molecules, including three mRNAs (SUCO, BTN3A1 and TBC1D2), three lncRNAs (HLA-DQB1-AS1, C9orf139 and C22orf34) and one miRNA (hsa-miR-17-5p), were screened by differential expression analysis, ceRNA network analysis, LASSO Cox regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Their biological functions were mainly concentrated in the phospholipid metabolic process, transcription regulator complex, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and MAPK signalling pathway. We established a novel prognostic model for CM integrating clinical variables and immune molecules that showed promising predictive performance demonstrated by receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC ≥ 0.74), providing a scientific basis for predicting the prognosis and improving the clinical outcomes of CM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant evidence has indicated that the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients is highly complicated by the tumour immune microenvironment. We retrieved the clinical data and gene expression data of CM patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for modelling and validation analysis. Based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and consensus clustering analysis, CM patients were classified into three immune level groups, and the differences in the tumour immune microenvironment and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Seven immune-related CM prognostic molecules, including three mRNAs (SUCO, BTN3A1 and TBC1D2), three lncRNAs (HLA-DQB1-AS1, C9orf139 and C22orf34) and one miRNA (hsa-miR-17-5p), were screened by differential expression analysis, ceRNA network analysis, LASSO Cox regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Their biological functions were mainly concentrated in the phospholipid metabolic process, transcription regulator complex, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and MAPK signalling pathway. We established a novel prognostic model for CM integrating clinical variables and immune molecules that showed promising predictive performance demonstrated by receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC ≥ 0.74), providing a scientific basis for predicting the prognosis and improving the clinical outcomes of CM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with gliomas, depression is a common complication that may cause severe psychological barriers and deteriorate the patient's quality of life (QoL). Currently, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is the most commonly used tool to diagnose depression in patients with gliomas. Female sex, unmarried status, low education level, high tumor grade, and a history of mental illness may increase the risks of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with gliomas. The QoL of patients with gliomas can be directly reduced by depression. Therefore, the evaluation and intervention of mood disorders could improve the overall QoL of patients with gliomas. Antidepressant use has become a treatment strategy for patients with gliomas and comorbid depression. This narrative review summarizes the current issues related to depression in patients with gliomas, including the prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria of depression as well as changes in QoL caused by comorbid depression and antidepressant use. The purpose of this review is to guide clinicians to assess the psychological status of patients with gliomas and to provide clinicians and oncologists with a new treatment strategy to improve the prognosis of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of cooperative innovation, an enterprise will become embedded in a social network consisting of industry-university cooperation (IUC) relations and a knowledge network (KN) composed of nodes of knowledge elements. This study yielded the following findings: structure capital (SC) has a significant positive impact on both corporate exploitative innovation (EI) and exploratory innovation (EY). Relationship capital (RC) has a clear inverted U relationship with both corporate EI and EY, which means that moderate relationship capital can promote both EI and EY. The depth of knowledge mastered by a firm has a positive effect on the firm's EI and a limiting effect on its EY. The breadth of knowledge has a significant positive effect on the corporate EI (there is no inverted U relationship between them) and a clear inverted U relationship with corporate EY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mg-CDs were synthesized by different hydrothermal routes using the traditional Chinese herb mulberry as the carbon source and MgCl 2 as the magnesium dopant. • A series of experiment about macroscopic fluorescence property and microstructure were performed on the synthesized samples in order to obtain an optimized method for the synthesis of Mg-CDs. • This study provides a good example of the preparation of metal ion-doped traditional Chinese herbal CDs. In this work, Mg-doped CDs were synthesized by different hydrothermal routes using the traditional Chinese herb mulberry as the carbon source and MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O as the magnesium dopant. A series of morphological (TEM, SEM), microstructural (XRD), and spectroscopic characterizations (FTIR, XPS, EDS, UV–Vis, PL, Zeta, and so on) of the prepared CDs were carried out, and very self-consistent results were obtained. The Mg-doped CDs (CDs2) samples with small size, uniform dispersion, high stability, excellent fluorescence performance, and simple preparation were screened, and applied to the osteogenic differentiation study of MC3T3 cells in vitro. The results showed that Mg-doped CDs could well induce osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization in vitro, the preliminary osteogenic mechanisms can be assumed that Mg-doped CDs activate the PERK signaling pathway to upregulate the expression of osteoblast gene markers. The Chinese herb Mg-doped CDs show great potential for future application in bone repair by combining them with scaffold materials.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical contact between genes distant on chromosomes is a potentially important way for genes to coordinate their expressions. To investigate the potential importance of distant contacts, we performed high‐throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi‐C) experiments on leaf nuclei isolated from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. We then combined our results with published Hi‐C data from Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that distant genes come into physical contact and do so preferentially between the proximal promoter of one gene and the downstream region of another gene. Genes with higher numbers of conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) nearby were more likely to have contact with distant genes. With more CNSs came higher numbers of transcription factor binding sites and more histone modifications associated with the activity. In addition, for the genes we studied, distant contacting genes with CNSs were more likely to be transcriptionally coordinated. These observations suggest that CNSs may enrich active histone modifications and recruit transcription factors, correlating with distant contacts to ensure coordinated expression. This study advances our knowledge of gene contacts and provides insights into the relationship between CNSs and distant gene contacts in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The September 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake broke more than 230 years of seismic calm on the Moxi fault, providing a unique opportunity to understand its seismogenic environment, rupture dynamics, and seismic hazard. Using teleseismic body waves, regional strong‐motion observations, GNSS, and InSAR data, we decipher the spatiotemporal rupture evolution of the mainshock. Combining the elastic dislocation model with surface creep, we find that the coseismic slip correlates closely with a locked patch with a loading rate of 9.7 mm/yr, but the creeping rate is insufficient to make up the shallow slip deficit. Notably, the Luding earthquake ruptured only ∼1/4 of the Moxi seismic gap, and it further increased the stress in the unruptured northern part. We thus argue that the Moxi fault has the potential for magnitude 7+ earthquakes in the near future, although geodetic prediction may overestimate the actual seismic moment released by the coseismic rupture. Plain Language Summary: The Xianshuihe fault is an area of intense tectonic activity on the Tibetan Plateau and plays an important role in accommodating the postcollisional convergence of the Eurasian and Indian plates. However, the Moxi fault, at the southeastern end of the Xianshuihe fault, has remained seismically quiescent since the last Ms 7.75 event in 1786. In September 2022, a Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake struck the Moxi seismic gap, resulting in destructive landslide damage, with 93 people dead and 25 missing. Using seismic and geodetic recordings, we recover its space‐time rupture process in detail. Our model reveals an asymmetric bilateral rupture with dominant propagation and maximum slip to the SSE. It is important to note that the 2022 Luding earthquake ruptured only the southern Moxi seismic gap, leaving the northern part unruptured. Based on the departure time of the last major earthquake and the slip rate obtained from the elastic dislocation model, we estimate the unreleased seismic energy of the Moxi fault, indicating that it still has the potential for strong earthquakes. Besides, the Luding earthquake further increased its seismic hazard through stress transfer. Therefore, we should pay great attention to the kinematic state of the Moxi fault at this time. Key Points: The kinematic evolution of the Luding earthquake is revealed by seismic and geodetic observationsThe coseismic slip asperity from 3 to 20 km depth correlates closely with the preseismic surface creep and locked patchThe unruptured Moxi seismic gap still has the potential for magnitude 7+ earthquakes and deserves further attention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After removing low-quality cells and genes, we obtained 16 055 high-quality cells and 30 214 genes. Single-cell transcriptome reveals differentiation between adaxial and abaxial mesophyll cells in Brassica rapa Keywords: scRNA-seq; mesophyll cell; adaxial-abaxial polarity; ribosomal protein-encoding genes; Brassica rapa EN scRNA-seq mesophyll cell adaxial-abaxial polarity ribosomal protein-encoding genes Brassica rapa 2233 2235 3 11/22/22 20221201 NES 221201 Mesophyll cells are the main site of photosynthesis and the largest cell population in leaves, with tightly packed cylinder palisade mesophyll cells (PMCs) on the adaxial side and loosely arranged rounded spongy mesophyll cells (SMCs) on the abaxial side. Red dots indicate the reported genes involved in PMCs development in Arabidopsis, while green dots represent the top 10 genes with the most connections. [Extracted from the article]

Desalination is a critical process to resolve the crisis of insufficient freshwater resources. Among desalination technologies, electrochemical electrode deionization (EEDI) has attracted wide attention because of the advantages in low cost, no secondary pollution, and low energy consumption etc. Electrode materials are the critical factors for determining the performance of EEDI. However, the traditional EEDI with carbon electrode (capacitive deionization, CDI) often showed inefficient desalination capacity, charge efficiency, cycle stability as well as ions selectivity due to the anode oxidation. Therefore, the development of anions-capture materials is crucial for the development of EEDI devices. In this review, the anions-capture materials are classified into four categories according to their capture mechanisms: (i) Electrosorption materials, mainly including conventional and modified carbon materials; (ii) conversion reaction materials, mainly including Ag/AgCl and Bi/BiOCl couples; (iii) redox reactions materials including polypyrrole (PPY), poly (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA) and poly (vinylferrocene) (PVFc); (iv) ions intercalation materials including layered double hydroxides/layered metal oxides (LDHs/LMOs), Mxenes. This review summarizes all currently known anions-capture materials and discussing their mechanisms and performance in detail. Future research focus and other vital issues that need to be addressed are also outlined. • The anion capture materials in EEDI research are reviewed. • The working mechanism of these materials is summarized. • The current research status of these materials is discussed. • The evaluations and perspectives of these materials are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desalination is a critical process to resolve the crisis of insufficient freshwater resources. Among desalination technologies, electrochemical electrode deionization (EEDI) has attracted wide attention because of the advantages in low cost, no secondary pollution, and low energy consumption etc. Electrode materials are the critical factors for determining the performance of EEDI. However, the traditional EEDI with carbon electrode (capacitive deionization, CDI) often showed inefficient desalination capacity, charge efficiency, cycle stability as well as ions selectivity due to the anode oxidation. Therefore, the development of anions-capture materials is crucial for the development of EEDI devices. In this review, the anions-capture materials are classified into four categories according to their capture mechanisms: (i) Electrosorption materials, mainly including conventional and modified carbon materials; (ii) conversion reaction materials, mainly including Ag/AgCl and Bi/BiOCl couples; (iii) redox reactions materials including polypyrrole (PPY), poly (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA) and poly (vinylferrocene) (PVFc); (iv) ions intercalation materials including layered double hydroxides/layered metal oxides (LDHs/LMOs), Mxenes. This review summarizes all currently known anions-capture materials and discussing their mechanisms and performance in detail. Future research focus and other vital issues that need to be addressed are also outlined. • The anion capture materials in EEDI research are reviewed. • The working mechanism of these materials is summarized. • The current research status of these materials is discussed. • The evaluations and perspectives of these materials are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil-military integration enables the symmetry development of dual-use technologies in the defense and civilian areas. In this paper, we used stochastic differential game theory to build theoretical models of the dual-use technology conversion between a military firm and a civilian firm. The models include three directions of dual-use technology conversion, namely, spin-off, spin-in, and mix. In particular, we incorporate the dynamic development of dual-use technology into the research framework. Our results show that the order of the Pareto optimality results is mix, spin-in, spin-out, including the best effort, the highest revenue, and the most technology value-added. The results also indicate that: (1) Some random interference factors can affect the transfer efforts, such as the coefficient of technological innovation capability and cost coefficients. (2) The military subsidies factor is an inventive mechanism that can promote dual-use transfer from the civilian firm to the military. (3) The military enterprise only earns more than the civilian firm in spin-in. (4) The growth of models in the dual-use technology conversion process faces increased technology uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rupture process of the 2018 Mw 7.9 offshore Kodiak (Alaska) earthquake is still in hot dispute because of a lack of offshore observations, thus causing difficulties for understanding seismogenic tectonics and tsunami hazards. In this study, teleseismic body waves, high‐rate GPS, seismic waves preceding tsunami waves, static GPS, and tsunami data are jointly used to resolve the faulting geometry and coseismic slip distribution of the offshore Kodiak earthquake. Tests of a series of finite fault rupture models illustrate that an optimal five‐fault model can reconcile all available data sets well. The results reveal that the asperity on each fault segment is located near the hypocenter, with peak slip of ~7.8 m. The aftershock loci appear to be complementary to the mainshock slips, demonstrating the velocity‐strengthening regions that predominantly slip aseismically. Based on a tectonic stress field analysis, we propose that the 2018 Kodiak earthquake is attributed to a combination of enhanced tensional stress following the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake and compressional stress produced by the collision of the Yakutat terrane with North America. Key Points: A complex quasi‐orthogonal strike‐slip fault system is revealed by seismic, geodetic, and DART dataNear‐field high‐rate GPS and DART data are involved in the joint inversion to improve the rupture modelShear stress between the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake and collision of the Yakutat terrane with North America favors strike‐slip events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel antenna that can generate plasma efficiently for pressure up to thousands of Pascal with 1 kW–13.56 MHz radio‐frequency power supply is reported. It consists of two isolated solenoids so that involves both capacitively coupling and inductively coupling effects, together with magnetic mirror effect which confines the formed plasma axially to a certain extent. Experiments show that the novel discharge has directional preference depending on the applied voltage, a character of dielectric barrier discharge, and can run steadily for tens of hours without severe thermal load. Simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics reveal consistent variations of electron temperature and electron density with base pressure, input power, separation distance of isolated solenoids, and the number of turns of each solenoid. This ionization method is of great interest for plasma processing and propulsion in sub‐atmospheric environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of geoscience data is a far-reaching topic which cannot be systematically covered. The purpose of inferential statistics is to harness useful information from data for making decisions. This paper conducts in-depth statistical study for the Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky Badekas models of the three-dimensional transformation parameters. We also considered the combined and observation equations scenarios of these methods for the comparative study. Four key indicators are conducted to evaluate the performance of the two transformation models according to the residual results. These include root mean square error (RMSE), paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Cohen's d effect size measure. RMSE evaluation is based on the mean difference between model estimates and observed values. The correlations in the model results is investigated based on paired t-test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assesses the statistical significance of the model's paired differences. To estimate the effect size of the performance differences, Cohen's d measures are computed. Further, the residuals of the estimated parameters are plotted according to their respective control points. The inference results of these tests generally show that Badekas transformation approach is more precise than Bursa-Wolf. Specifically, Badekas combined case is the most precise, followed by its observation case, then Bursa-Wolf combined and finally its observation case is the least performing model. The application of various data analysis and statistical verifications make the task of data interpretation and best model selection easier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordinate transformation between various reference datums or systems is an essential tool in geospatial tasks such as surveying, geodesy and photogrammetry. Transformation of coordinates is a mathematical process that converts coordinates of a point in one reference datum into coordinates of the same point in the other reference datum. This issue is still critical for the earth sciences scholars in Sudan because the topographic maps were carried out based on the local datum (Adindan) and the recent surveying activities are performed using Global Positioning System, i.e., based on WGS84 reference datum. To resolve the transformation problem between the WGS 84 and Adindan datum systems, the current study explores two transformation methods, namely Bursa–Wolf and Molodensky–Badekas. The least squares observation equations and the combined case versions of Bursa–Wolf and Molodensky–Badekas are employed to estimate different transformation parameters. These parameters are tested and validated using coordinates of 32 first-order points known in both Adindan and WGS84 datum systems. The results are further verified by a statistical test. Through the residuals estimated, the suitability of the transformation methods for application in the study area is thoroughly discussed. To make survey data usable and accessible to all, it is essential to establish reliable transformation parameters where data collected in one system can easily be transformed into the other. Therefore, if the relationship between the WGS84 and Adindan (local) reference systems is accurately established and verified by higher quality control indices, we can promote mapping and other survey activities in Sudan. Again, Sudan has a large and extensive local network. This network can be easily reduced to the worldwide platform if the transformation parameters between the two systems are precisely estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake involved complex rupture across multiple faults and triggered large-scale slow slip movements on the Hikurangi subduction zone. The complex seismically triggered slow slip events (SSEs) contribute to the understanding of triggering mechanisms of SSEs in New Zealand. Here, we invert the continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) observations to investigate the temporal evolution of the seismically triggered slow-slip behaviour on the Hikurangi subduction interface. Similar to previous studies, our optimal geodetic inversion model reproduces deep (30–50 km) Marlborough afterslip of over 60 cm, deep Kapiti slow slip of up to 31 cm and shallow (<15 km), moderate (>10 cm) east coast slow slip on the Hikurangi subduction interface. The slow accumulated seismic moment over the past eight months from the large-scale slow slip motion is ~3.12 × 1020 Nm, which is equivalent to a magnitude 7.6 earthquake. Both the Marlborough afterslip and Kapiti slow slip were considerably active during the first week after the mainshock and gradually slowed down in the following months. These deep ongoing fault motions may continue for at least several months and are expected to decay logarithmically with time. In agreement with previous studies, the east coast slow slip motion occurred rapidly within 2–3 weeks, which stretched from the central to northern Hikurangi subduction margin. The coseismic Coulomb failure stress change investigation suggests that large-scale stress increase (over 1–2 MPa) appears on the southern Hikurangi subduction interface, which encourages afterslip underlying the Marlborough fault system and slow slip beneath the Kapiti coast. Consistent with previous studies, the long-distance slow slip motion offshore the east coast was likely dynamically triggered by the Kaikoura earthquake, where the static Coulomb stress increase is insignificant (<5 kPa). Highlights • The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake has triggered widespread slow-slip deformation. • Time-varying inversion has reproduced the evolution history of slow-slip behaviour. • Seismic-triggered slow slip released energy equivalent to a magnitude 7.6 earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of biomaterials suitable for bone regeneration has been a serious challenge in the medical field. Considering that the process of bone regeneration is difficult to monitor, the application of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) materials for bone regeneration has received much attention. Here, we developed a Mg2+-doped biogenic carbon dot material and characterized it to determine the optimal ratio of carbon and magnesium sources in the synthesis of the material. Subsequently, its biocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4 (MC3T3) was investigated, and its high biocompatibility was supported by the preparation of biocarbon dots using natural lycium ruthenicum as the carbon source. In addition, our experimental results showed that the appropriate concentration of Mg-CDs was suitable for long-term cell growth and the cells had better growth, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation ability. This Mg2+-doped biomass carbon dot shows great potential in bone tissue regeneration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheme 1. The schematic diagram for the preparation of CDs and the mechanism of fluorescence quenching to Fe3+ ions. [Display omitted] • The mustard seeds CDs have good fluorescence properties with a quantum yield of 17.92 %. • The obtained CDs can sense Fe3+ ions in environmental water and Hok cells. • The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied carefully by many methods. • The mechanism of fluorescence quenching to Fe3+ ions proved to be AIE and SQE. A growing interest has emerged in carbon dot (CDs) fluorescent probes, as they are non-destructive, non-contact, sensitive, fast, and low-cost. However, the low fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and the uncertainty of fluorescence quenching mechanism are the main bottlenecks restricting its application. Here, we used mustard seeds as carbon source, CDs were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method without further surface treatment with the QY reached a value as high as 17.92 % in 468 nm excitation energy. As a label-free fluorescent probe, CDs can be used to sense Fe3+ ions in environmental water and human oral keratinocytes (Hok) cells, with a detection limit of 0.51 μM and the linear range of 0–75 μM. Moreover, we have conducted an in-depth study on the mechanism of fluorescence quenching of CDs caused by Fe3+ ions. Our study provides powerful evidences that the mechanism of fluorescence quenching to Fe3+ ions is a synergistic effect of static quenching (SQ) and aggregation-induced effect (AIE), which accompanied by forming a non-fluorescent ground state complex between CDs and Fe3+ ions. This work promises to provide new ideas for the most appropriate detection strategy and design the best performing sensor, allowing their effective application in the sensing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• K 0.6 CoO 2-x N x porous nanoframe is designed as a promising cathode for PIBs. • The partial substitution of O with N atoms enlarges the interlayer spacing. • The K 0.6 CoO 2-x N x full cell displays excellent K+ storage. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been regarded as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their low cost and decent operational voltage. Layer-structured cobalt oxides are attractive as cathodes for PIBs, but suffer from poor rate performance and unsatisfied cycling stability. Here, K 0.6 CoO 2-x N x porous nanoframe is rationally designed as a promising cathode for PIBs. Both experimental results and DFT calculations reveal that the partial substitution of O with N atoms can enlarge the interlayer spacing, which can accommodate more K+ intercalation and speed up K+ migration. Meanwhile, the electronic conductivity is effectively improved after N doping. Moreover, the unique hollow nanoframe structure can provide more electrochemical active sites for K+. As a consequence, the K 0.6 CoO 2-x N x porous nanoframe delivers a reversible capacity of 86 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and the capacity retains 66 mAh g−1 over 400 cycles. Combined with a commercial graphite anode, the K 0.6 CoO 2-x N x full cell with good reversibility is demonstrated. This work opens up a new way to prepare high-performance layered metal oxides cathodes for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]