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With the international development of China's economy, there is an increasing demand for complex talents who are proficient in English and familiar with business operation and management of enterprises. However, it is worth exploring how to explore a proven teaching quality monitoring model for business English (BE) majors. The evaluation system of business English classroom teaching quality should not focus on the effect of teachers' "teaching," but on students' "learning" experience and the effect of "learning." English teaching should take into account the actual situation of students, especially that some students have a poor English foundation and insufficient understanding of English learning. They can improve their English cultural literacy and enhance their intercultural communication skills from learning English. Therefore, when evaluating teaching quality, indicators such as teaching methods and learning strategies should be introduced and emphasis should be placed on motivating students' learning attitudes, emotions, awareness, and experiences to promote cooperative inquiry learning. In this paper, we propose an improved DA-BP algorithm to measure the teaching quality of BE, which has achieved good evaluation results with an accuracy rate of 93%, enriched the content of business English classroom teaching and cultivated more comprehensive and better composite talents for the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a cost-effective strategy to massively synthesize high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst. [Display omitted] • A novel type of composite Co/N C was prepared. • A potential strategy was proposed to massively synthesize ORR catalysts. • High ORR activity of Co/N C triggered by Co-N heteroatomic interface. • The high stability of Co/N C in 0.1 M KOH. The development of high-efficiency and low-cost oxygen reduction electrocatalysts have become an urgent need to push fuel cells into practical application. Herein, an effective electrocatalyst Co/N C was successfully constructed, which was derived from abundant peanut shells, obtained by doping with cobalt ions and pyrolyzing in NH 3 atmosphere. Due to the abundant Co-N active sites triggered by Co-N heteroatomic interface, the prepared electrocatalysts present excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with more positive half-wave potential (E 1/2 = 0.83 V), incremental limiting current density (J L = 5.45 mA cm−2), higher durability and stronger resistance to methanol, which is superior to that of Pt/C (E 1/2 = 0.81 V and J L = 5.19 mA cm−2). This work proposes a potential strategy to synthesize efficient ORR electrocatalysts to instead of Pt-based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preevaluation to the vulnerability of the surrounding rocks is proposed as one of the reliable indicators of the safety coefficient of gateway support and a foundation to optimize the support design parameters. In this study, taking the surrounding rocks, stress, geological environment, and service time into consideration, the safety coefficient is determined based on the vulnerability scores calculated by the vulnerability preevaluation model of the surrounding rock. Applying the safety coefficient to the instability evaluation of the composite rock-bolt bearing structure, the strength required to maintain the stability of the gateway is calculated, which further provides references and guidance to the optimization of the anchor support parameters. This method has been successfully adopted by the GuCheng coal mining project in N1303 tailgate to strengthen the anchor-bolt structure in the roof watering area especially the main inclined shaft. Applying more accurately calculated strength to the anchor-bolt structure can effectively avoid the issue of overcompensation, thus reducing the cost and increasing the driving speed. Furthermore, this method provides insights into optimizing design parameters of the gateway. This method provides a reliable basis for the optimization design of bolt support parameters in coal mine gateway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infiltration and physical and chemical effects of fissure water often have a degrading effect on the strength and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the roadway. With the increase of the time of water infiltration, the roadway deformation increases exponentially, resulting in a higher risk of roadway destruction. In this paper, targeting at the supporting and protection issues associated with the main inclined shaft during the water-drenching, a numerical simulation method was established to evaluate the impact of the fissure water on the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and a solution to control the top water in main inclined shafts by grouting was proposed. Through the numerical simulation method, the effective penetration range of the slurry in the surrounding rock and the variation of the tunnel deformation with the grouting timing were studied. A method of combining numerical simulation with on-site monitoring to determine a reasonable grouting timing was proposed. The field application suggests that grouting at a reasonable timing can effectively control the influence of seepage water from the roof crack of the main inclined shaft on the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, improve the integrity of the roadway surrounding rock, increase the bearing capacity of the support, and maintain the safety and stability of the roadway surrounding rock of the main inclined shaft. Furthermore, this study can provide insightful references to the grouting reinforcement adopted by similar main inclined shafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to identify a predictive model to predict survival outcomes of osteosarcoma (OS) patients.Methods: A RNA sequencing dataset (the training set) and a microarray dataset (the validation set) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples were identified in training set. Prognosis-related DEGs were screened and optimized by support vector machine (SVM) recursive feature elimination. A SVM classifier was built to classify metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. Independent prognosic genes were extracted by multivariate regression analysis to build a risk score model followed by performance evaluation in two datasets by Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. Independent clinical prognostic indicators were identified followed by nomogram analysis. Finally, functional analyses of survival-related genes were conducted.Result: Totally, 345 DEGs and 45 prognosis-related genes were screened. A SVM classifier could distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. An eight-gene signature was an independent prognostic marker and used for constructing a risk score model. The risk score model could separate OS samples into high and low risk groups in two datasets (training set: log-rank p < 0.01, C-index = 0.805; validation set: log-rank p < 0.01, C-index = 0.797). Tumor metastasis and RS model status were independent prognostic factors and nomogram model exhibited accurate survival prediction for OS. Additionally, functional analyses of survival-related genes indicated they were closely associated with immune responses and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway.Conclusion: An eight-gene predictive model and nomogram were developed to predict OS prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study focused on investigating the genetic factors related to hypoxia tolerance and growth traits in Macrobrachium nipponense, a species of freshwater prawn. Specifically, a gene called glutathione S-transferase-2 (GST-2) and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in M. nipponense were studied. By analyzing samples from different populations, 38 SNP loci were identified in the GST-2 gene. The genetic diversity of these loci was assessed, and associations between specific SNP loci and hypoxia tolerance and growth traits were studied. The results showed that certain SNP loci were significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance and growth traits in different populations of M. nipponense. Moreover, some SNP loci associated with growth traits exhibited a high degree of genetic linkage. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic improvement of growth and hypoxia tolerance in M. nipponense, which can contribute to the cultivation of prawns with desirable characteristics. Investigating hypoxia tolerance and growth trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Macrobrachium nipponense is conducive to cultivating prawns with hypoxia tolerance and good growth characteristics. The glutathione S-transferase-2 gene (GST-2) has been shown to regulate hypoxia responses in M. nipponense. In this study, we identified a single GST-2 SNP in M. nipponense, and analyzed its regulatory relationship with hypoxia tolerance and growth. The GST-2 sequence was amplified with a polymerase chain reaction from 197 "Taihu Lake No. 3", "Taihu Lake No. 2", and Pearl River population samples to identify SNP loci. The full-length Mn-GST2 sequence was 2317 bp, including three exons and two introns. In total, 38 candidate SNP loci were identified from GST-2 using Mega11.0 comparisons, with most loci moderately polymorphic in terms of genetic diversity. Locus genotypes were also analyzed, and basic genetic parameters for loci were calculated using Popgene32 and PIC_CALC. The expected heterozygosity of the 38 SNP loci ranged from 0.2334 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4107, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1929 to 0.4721, with an average of 0.3401. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.21 to 0.37. From SPSS analyses, the G+256A locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance across all three M. nipponense populations, while the SNP loci A+261C, C+898T, A+1370C, and G+1373T were significantly associated with growth traits. Further analyses revealed that the T+2017C locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 2" populations, G+256A, A+808T, C+1032T, and A+1530G loci were significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 3" populations, while no SNP loci were correlated with hypoxia tolerance in Pearl River populations. A+1370C and G+1373T loci, which were associated with growth traits, exhibited a high degree of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.89 and r2 > 0.8), suggesting potential genetic linkage. Our data suggest associations between hypoxia tolerance and growth trait SNP loci in M. nipponense, and provide valuable evidence for the genetic improvement of growth and hypoxia tolerance in this prawn species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and with a limited number of treatments for this type of cancer, its incidence is rapidly increasing. Patients presenting with PCa are likely to experience disease recurrence, which represents a considerable clinical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely characterized as a critical regulator in a number of types of cancer, including PCa. miRNA-744 (miR-744) has been reported to be involved in cancer regulation; however, its role in PCa remained poorly understood. In a recent study, it was demonstrated that miR-744 was overexpressed in prostate tissue from PCa patients when compared with the surrounding tissues, and knockdown of miR-744 resulted in reduced cell growth. In addition, an increased population of apoptotic cells was detected upon miR-744 knockdown, together with a decrease in cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a higher number of cells in the G1 phase and lower numbers in the S phase following miR-744 silencing. The levels of key proteins involved in cell cycle progression (cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were increased, whereas those proteins responsible for cell cycle inhibition (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21) were decreased. The tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) was revealed to be a potential target of miR-744, suggesting its potential mechanism of action. LKB1 levels were negatively correlated with miR-744, and LKB1 was indicated to be a direct target of miR-744. Furthermore, it was revealed that by targeting LKB1, miR-744 may regulate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK); the AMPK signaling pathway was activated by miR-744 knockdown, with subsequent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrated that miR-744 promoted cell growth through the AMPK signaling pathway, by targeting LKB1. The present study revealed a novel insight into the biological function of miR-744 in PCa, and that miR-744 may be a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on neural cell apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) and to explore its potential mechanisms. A total of 100 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (n = 10), sham-operated (n = 10), SCII model (n = 40), and ginsenoside Rb1-treated groups (n = 40). Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to examine rat hindlimb locomotor function. Nissl and Tunnel staining were used to observe neural cell injury and apoptosis, respectively, in the spinal cord of rats with SCII. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The levels of caspase-3 and phosphorylated Ask-1 (p-Ask-1) were detected by western blotting. Ginsenoside Rb1 prevented neural cell apoptosis in the spinal cord and improved hindlimb locomotor dysfunction of rats (P <.05). Moreover, SCII-induced upregulation of caspase-3 and p-Ask-1 levels and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly decreased by ginsenoside Rb1 (P <.05). The protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on neural cells in the spinal cord of rats with SCII were mediated by the ginsenoside Rb1-induced downregulation of caspase-3 and p-Ask-1 levels and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stability evaluation model, with an assessment system comprising 14 main indexes, is established by applying fuzzy mathematics and euthenics. The indexes are roughly quantized by the fuzzy membership degree. Analytic hierarchy process is utilized to assign the weight of each index. The stability level of a gateway in a mine with closely spaced coal seams is calculated by comprehensive correlation analysis based on the euthenics theory. As an index representing the gateway stability, the stability level can indicate the effect the adjustment of the gateway parameters will have on gateway stability and point out the areas to be improved for optimal control of the surrounding rock. In a case study, the optimization technology was applied to gateways in the Xiandewang coalmine, China, whereby the stability of headgate no. 1720 and tailgates no. 1925 and no. 1727 was enhanced by applying the stability-level evaluation analysis. Through the engineering application developed here, utilizing indexes characterizing the improvement in gateway stability levels changes to the stress disturbance and adjustment of the construction factors can effectively improve the gateway support when the natural attributes are similar or unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optimal seamline detection is a key step when composing digital orthophotomaps (DOM) of extensive areas from overlapping ortho‐images. To avoid seamlines passing through buildings when mosaicking, seamline detection between adjacent ortho‐images is casted as a graph‐cut problem. To avoid buildings, colour differences and gradient magnitude derived from the ortho‐images, together with approximate object heights derived from a digital surface model (DSM), are combined for constructing the cost term of the graph. To efficiently obtain an approximate height value for each DOM unit, an expanded normalised DSM is proposed. Furthermore, the designed cost term for final composite ortho‐image merging is weighted to prioritise pixels closest to the nadir point. Experiments with strips of aerial images show that the proposed method obtains seamless mosaicking of ortho‐images without manual work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The real-world data of long-term protection under moderate vaccination coverage is limited. This study aimed to evaluate varicella epidemiology and the long-term effectiveness under moderate coverage levels in Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. Methods: This was a population-based, retrospective birth cohort study based on the immunization information system (IIS) and the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) in Ganyu District. Varicella cases reported from 2009 to 2020 were included to describe the epidemiology of varicella, and eleven-year consecutive birth cohorts (2008–2018) were included to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of varicella by Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 155,232 native children and 3,251 varicella cases were included. The vaccination coverage was moderate with 37.1%, correspondingly, the annual incidence of varicella infection increased 4.4-fold from 2009 to 2020. A shift of the varicella cases to older age groups was observed, with the peak proportion of cases shifting from 5–6 year-old to 7–8 year-old. The adjusted effectiveness of one dose of vaccine waned over time, and the adjusted VE decreased from 72.9% to 41.8% in the one-dose group. Conclusions: The insufficient vaccination coverage (37.1%) may have contributed in part to the rising annual incidence of varicella infection, and a shift of varicella cases to older age groups occurred. The effectiveness of one dose of varicella vaccine was moderate and waned over time. It is urgent to increase varicella vaccine coverage to 80% to reduce the incidence of varicella and prevent any potential shift in the age at infection in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoothing is one of the basic procedures for improvement of mesh quality. In this paper, a novel and efficient smoothing approach for planar and surface mesh based on element geometric deformation is developed. The presented approach involves two main stages. The first stage is geometric deformation of all the individual elements through a specially designed two-step stretching-shrinking operation (SSO), which is performed by moving the vertices of each element according to a certain rule in order to get better shape of the element. The second stage is to determine the position of each node of the mesh by a weighted average strategy according to quality changes of its adjacent elements. The suggested SSO-based smoothing algorithm works efficiently for triangular mesh and can be naturally expanded to quadrilateral mesh, arbitrary polygonal mesh, and mixed mesh. Combined with quadratic error metric (QEM), this approach may be also applied to improve the quality of surface mesh. The proposed method is simple to program and inherently very suitable for parallelization, especially on graphic processing unit (GPU). Results of numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) imprinted polymer (MIP) based on monodisperse hybrid silica microspheres (MH-SiO2) with ph name="dbnd" />CH2 groups was synthesized by surface imprinting technique. The MH-SiO2 was synthesized by a sol–gel process in aqueous media using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-methylacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MATES) as the precursors. The morphologies of MH-SiO2 and MIP were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the imprinted shell thickness on the surface of MH-SiO2 was calculated as 0.5μm. Compared with the imprinted polymer prepared only by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, the imprinted polymer prepared with both β-CD and MAA as binary functional monomers hold the highest adsorption capacity. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a complete baseline separation of phenylalanine racemates was observed only using the column packed with the imprinted polymer prepared with both β-CD and MAA as binary functional monomers. And the separation factor and resolution of the imprinted polymer towards phenylalanine racemates were calculated as 1.41 and 1.46, respectively, which is higher than that of other imprinted polymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel magnetic ion-imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@SiO2@IIP) was synthesized by using 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) as the functional monomer, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the cross-linker and Pb(II) as the template and evaluated for selective extraction of Pb(II) from environmental sample by magnetic solid phase extraction (M-SPE) procedure. The factors affecting separation and preconcentration of the target heavy metals involving pH, eluting solvent and sample volume were studied in detail. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the kinetics adsorption and adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2@IIP toward Pb(II) were estimated. The results indicated that the adsorption mechanism is corresponding with the second-order adsorption process with correlation coefficient (r 2 =0.990), and the maximum adsorption capacity is 19.61mgg−1. The relative selectivity factor (β) values of Pb(II)/Cu(II), Pb(II)/Zn(II), Pb(II)/Cd(II) and Pb(II)/Hg(II) are 7.41, 6.76, 3.75 and 6.39, respectively. The Fe3O4@SiO2@IIP was applied for extracting and detecting of Pb(II) in real environmental samples combined with atomic adsorption spectrometer successfully with high recoveries of 98.0%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Current treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) focuses on systemic administration of medication, neglecting to proactively modulate the local microenvironment of skeletal system for superior therapeutic performance. Eldecalcitol (ED‐71), a novel drug for treating osteoporosis, still requires research to overcome high‐frequency delivery and low‐utilization. Here, a bone‐targeting and multishelled nanoparticles are developed for step‐wise release of ED‐71. The nanoparticles are achieved by using the chitosan/alginate outer layer as protective barrier against gastric acid, pectin middle layer as adhesive agent that improved intestinal penetration, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid‐grafted mesoporous silica nanomaterials core as bone‐targeting nanocarriers. After oral administration, the ED‐71‐loaded nanoparticles (ME‐ED‐71@PCA) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, and inhibits the osteoclast differentiation. ME‐ED‐71@PCA improves bone mass in ovariectomized‐mice by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the efficacy is more pronounced than ED‐71 alone. ME‐ED‐71@PCA exhibits satisfactory therapeutic performance due to its step‐wise drug release and bone‐targeting compared to ED‐71 administration, providing a new approach to re‐establish bone metabolic homeostasis in PMOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the grinding-induced microstructural and mechanical evolution in high-entropy nickel-based superalloys GH4169 and DD5, underscoring their distinct behaviors under varying machining conditions. Leveraging "Random Substitution" in Material Studio, the research developed intricate atomic models to accurately depict the complex chemical compositions and microstructures of these superalloys. Neper software was employed for multi-scale modeling, specifically analyzing the unit cells of GH4169. A critical focus was placed on the effects of key grinding parameters—depth, spindle speed, and feed rate—on the crystallographic deformation of GH4169, contrasting it with the response of DD5. The study highlighted a notable transition in GH4169's material removal mechanism from plastic flow to chip spallation at enhanced grinding depths and feed rates, while maintaining lattice integrity at higher grinding speeds. GH4169 consistently demonstrated greater tangential and normal forces during grinding compared to DD5, reflecting intricate machining complexities. The differential crystal orientations between these superalloys significantly impacted the grinding force distribution and heat dissipation during the process. This comprehensive analysis provides pivotal insights into the micro-level grinding process parameters, enriching both theoretical and practical understanding of material machinability in advanced manufacturing contexts. The study's novelty lies in its application of detailed atomic models and multi-scale modeling to uncover subtle microstructural and mechanical dynamics during the grinding of superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for data mining on graph-structured data in various domains, such as social science, finance, and biology. However, most existing GNNs operate in Euclidean space and may fail to preserve the intrinsic network properties, such as self-similarity and hierarchy, that characterize many real-world graphs. Hyperbolic graph neural networks (HGNNs) address this limitation by embedding graphs into hyperbolic space, which can better capture the hierarchical structures of networks. However, HGNNs often involve complex computations in hyperbolic space or its tangent space during training, which may hinder their efficiency. In this paper, we propose hyperbolic attention graph neural networks (HA-GNN), which can leverage both network structure and node features for graph representation learning in an efficient way. Specifically, we design a structural properties attention mechanism that measures the structural connection between nodes based on their hyperbolic embeddings. We also design a node features attention mechanism that quantifies the feature similarity between nodes. We then combine these two attentions to obtain a hyperbolic attention that weights the relevance between all connected nodes. We conduct extensive experiments on five real-world networks and demonstrate that our model consistently and significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. For example, on the Cora network, our model achieves an accuracy of 83.1 (± 0.4) on node classification tasks, which is 1.6% higher than the best baseline method in Euclidean space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the microstructure damage mechanism of the difficult-to-machine material nickel-base single crystal superalloy DD5 by analyzing the working condition load and crystal deformation. The complexity of the macroscopic and microscopic deformation phenomena during the machining process makes it challenging to study the damage mechanism of the workpiece. Hence, crystal kinematics equation is established using true stress-true strain theory, and the internal force balance and constitutive model of the crystal are analyzed. The proposed theory is applied to finite element processing and experimental analysis of the workpiece, and the subsurface deformation behavior is studied from a mechanistic perspective.The stress model is employed to explore the plastic flow phenomenon of the material during the machining process, and the influence of stress and shear force on the subsurface of the workpiece is discussed. The theoretical analysis of crystal deformation, based on the principles of materials science and mechanics, uncovers the relationship between subsurface deformation curvature and stress. The study delves into the effects of the grinding process on subsurface damage and deformation by analyzing the phenomena of plastic flow, plastic slip, and plastic winding in the subsurface microstructure. The results indicate that at grinding speed v s = 25 m/s and grinding depth a p = 60 μm, the damage to the subsurface deformation layer is minimal. The grinding process considerably impacts the stress exerted on the workpiece, with an amplitude ranging from 1.255 × 103 to 1.286 × 103. Conversely, the strain on the workpiece is relatively less affected by the grinding process, exhibiting an amplitude of 2.366–3.568. Moreover, when the normal stress and shear force of the abrasive particles form 45° angle, the subsurface deformation of DD5 manifests a distinct slip distortion at an approximate 45° curvature. • When the subsurface reaches internal stress balance f + div ∑ = 0 , the shear force is ν and the internal force is 1 − 2 ν. • With the development of technology, a grinding speed of v s = 25 m/s and grinding depth of a p = 60 μm can result in an effective removal of nickel-based superalloy DD5. • During grinding, the grinding depth is directly proportional to the true strain, whereas the grinding speed is inversely proportional to the true strain. • Subsurface crystal plastic slip and grinding direction mostly display 45° angle slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐gain and high‐speed gain‐boosted dynamic amplifier for pipelined‐successive approximation register ADCs is presented. A cross‐coupling cascode topology is proposed to boost the gain of a single‐stage dynamic amplifier. The proposed dynamic amplifier achieves a voltage gain of 32 under a 1.2 V power supply in 130 nm CMOS technology. Sampling at 150 MS/s, the proposed dynamic amplifier consumes a total power of 0.22 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties that make them suitable for aviation and industrial steam turbine blades. However, due to their distinguished properties, processing such materials becomes challenging. In order to enhance the fatigue life of workpiece processing, this research involved the development of a three-dimensional Hill simulation model of a single abrasive grain based on the anisotropic parameters of materials. The study also explored the formation mechanisms of the subsurface metamorphic layer of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5. The influence of grinding process parameters, such as wheel speed (vs), grinding depth (ap), and feed rate (vf), on the subsurface metamorphic layer of the workpiece was comparatively analyzed. In addition, the influence of the grinding process parameters on the thickness of the metamorphic layer of the (001) crystal plane of the workpiece was examined. The low damage grinding parameters of DD5 were determined to be as follows: the linear speed of the wheel speed is 35 m/s, the grinding depth is 20 μm, and the feed rate is 0.2 m/min. Further, combining with experimental analysis, the influence of each grinding process parameter was analyzed, whereby the wheel speed was found to have the greatest influence on the metamorphic layer of the workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-crystal materials have emerged as a new class of materials widely utilized in the aerospace field. This paper aims to study nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5, a notoriously challenging material to process. Among the various machining techniques, grinding can achieve superior surface quality with minimal size errors, making it an ideal choice for this experiment. Consequently, this research utilizes the grinding method to investigate the subsurface deformation mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy. To investigate the subsurface plastic damage layer in nickel-based single crystal superalloy, the Hollomon relationship is employed to elaborate on the subsurface plastic deformation mechanism. Furthermore, an effective removal thickness model of a single abrasive grain was established in this study to examine the impact of grinding on the subsurface of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5. The model analyzes the influencing factors of subsurface plastic deformation in the grinding process, evaluates the different grinding parameters' effects on the maximum plastic deformation of subsurface and plastic deformation thickness, and compares the simulation with experimental results. The findings indicate that the subsurface damage of the workpiece is primarily affected by the maximum plastic deformation rate, and the plastic deformation in the workpiece is typically influenced by material properties. Within the experimental parameters, the plastic deformation of nickel-based single crystal superalloy reduces with an increase in wheel speed while subsurface plastic deformation increases with a rise in feed rate and grinding depth. Among other processing parameters, the wheel speed has the most significant effect on subsurface plastic deformation during the grinding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GAS41, a member of the human YEATS domain family, plays a pivotal role in human cancer development. It serves as a highly promising epigenetic reader, facilitating precise regulation of cell growth and development by recognizing essential histone modifications, including histone acetylation, benzoylation, succinylation, and crotonylation. Functional readouts of these histone modifications often coincide with cancer progression. In addition, GAS41 functions as a novel oncogene, participating in numerous signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the epigenetic functions of GAS41 and its role in the carcinoma progression. Moving forward, elucidating the downstream target oncogenes regulated by GAS41 and the developing small molecule inhibitors based on the distinctive YEATS recognition properties will be pivotal in advancing this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation characteristics of fractured rock masses and the acoustic emission (microseismic) characteristics of crack propagation can help evaluate and predict the stability of rock masses. Rock-like materials with different strengths were designed using quartz sand, barite powder, and gypsum; models with a single flaw and the same properties were prefabricated to perform uniaxial compression tests. Based on the stress–strain relationship of the models, the deformation process could be divided into four stages: medium compaction stage (I), elastic deformation stage (II), crack propagation stage (III), and model failure stage (IV). The temporal variation trends in the maximum principal strain on both sides of the pre-existing fracture were the same. The range of the local strain deflection angle at the passive loading end increased, and the peak relative displacement rate decreased with the increase of strength of the model. Ring-down count vs time curve could be divided into three stages: initial, growth, and stable stages. The initial stage corresponded to deformation Stage I and II. The high-strength model showed calm ring-down count in this stage. The growth stage corresponded to Stage III, where the higher the model strength, the higher the growth rate of the cumulative ring-down counts. The stable stage corresponded to Stage IV, where the cumulative ring-down counts were either stable or increased steadily. Overall, the peak frequency distribution tended to widen with the decrease in the model strength. The results can serve as an experimental basis to understand the deformation and damage mechanisms of rock masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that miR-145-3p functions as a tumor suppressor and is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. This study intends to uncover the mechanism of a tumor suppressor of miR-145-3p. The expressions of miR-194 in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues were monitored by real-time PCR. The proliferation ability was examined by MTT assay. The apoptosis and autophagy of cells were monitored by flow cytometry and microcopy, respectively. The regulation of miR-145-3p on HDAC4 was determined by luciferase assays and western blot assay. The results showed that miR-145-3p was significantly reduced in the osteosarcoma compared with the normal bone tissue. Overexpression of miR-145-3p significantly attenuated the proliferation and induced the apoptosis and autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-145-3p has inhibited the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma by down-regulating HDAC4 expression. These findings suggested that miR-145-3p may act as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. MiR-145-3p/HDAC4 may be a novel therapeutic target in treatment of osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal infection caused by Coxiella burnetii is rare and difficult to diagnose. Here we reported a case of spinal infection from Coxiella burnetii detected by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Case presentation: A 66-year-old male farmer with no medical history reported severe sharp low back pain, numbness and lower limb weakness for three years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bone destruction and spinal cord compression within L1 and L2. mNGS testing showed that the inspected specimen collected from spinal lesion was detected positively for Coxiella burnetii. After receiving the combined treatment of antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention, the patient recovered well, and the sagittal MRI showed that vertebral edema signals disappeared and the graft of bone fused 16 months after surgery. Conclusion: The mNGS may be benefit for early diagnosis and intervention of non-specific spinal infection, and future studies should validate its effectiveness for clinical use in spinal infections. Additionally, antibiotic therapy combined with surgical intervention plays an important role on the treatment of spinal infection caused by Coxiella burnetii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The energy bands of Fe and Mn co-adsorbed monolayers of SnSe 2 exhibit semi-metallicity. • As tensile strain increases, the adsorption system transitions from semi-metallic to metallic, accompanied. • The co-adsorption system's curie temperature is calculated to be 205.2 K. • The application of Fe and Mn double transition metal atoms to monolayer SnSe 2 may have potential. Pure 2D SnSe 2 is not magnetic, which limits its application in spintronics. However, magnetic properties can be induced in pure 2D SnSe 2 by introducing transition metal elements. In this study, we used first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory to predict the electronic structure and magnetic properties of monolayer SnSe 2 under adsorption of Fe and Mn double transition metal atoms. Our findings show that the energy bands of Fe and Mn co-adsorbed monolayers of SnSe 2 exhibit semi-metallicity. As tensile strain increases, the adsorption system transitions from semi-metallic to metallic, accompanied by an increase in total magnetic moment. Based on the Heisenberg model, the co-adsorption system's Curie temperature is calculated to be 205.2 K. Our studies suggest that the application of Fe and Mn double transition metal atoms to monolayer SnSe 2 may have potential in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study objects were to explore the correlation between the biological role of clock genes and clinical indicators in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). We acquired the clinical information and RNA sequencing data of OS samples from the TARGET database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and expression correlation analysis of clock genes were performed. Then, the functional enrichment analysis of clock genes was analyzed. The survival analysis of clock genes in patients of OS was carried out by univariate cox regression, Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and multivariate cox regression methods. Moreover, the spearmen correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between clock genes and DNA repair genes in patients with OS. The PPI network and expression correlation analysis of clock genes indicated that the clock genes were highly correlated with each other. The survival analysis of clock genes found that clock gene ARNTL is a protective factor for the prognosis of patients with OS. We found that ARNTL was positively related to DNA repair genes and was involved in the biological process of DNA damage repair in patients with OS. ARNTL may affect the prognosis and chemotherapy response of patients with OS by regulating DNA repair pathways. • The clock genes were highly correlated with each other. • The clock gene ARNTL is a protective factor for the prognosis of patients with OS. • ARNTL was involved in the biological process of DNA damage repair in patients with OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune system maintains homeostasis and protects the body from pathogens, mutated cells, and other harmful substances. When immune homeostasis is disrupted, excessive autoimmunity will lead to diseases. To inhibit the unexpected immune responses and reduce the impact of treatment on immunoprotective functions, polymer nanotherapeutics, such as nanomedicines, nanovaccines, and nanodecoys, were developed as part of an advanced strategy for precise immunomodulation. Nanomedicines transport cytotoxic drugs to target sites to reduce the occurrence of side effects and increase the stability and bioactivity of various immunomodulating agents, especially nucleic acids and cytokines. In addition, polymer nanomaterials carrying autoantigens used as nanovaccines can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance without interfering with protective immune responses. The precise immunomodulatory function of nanovaccines has broad prospects for the treatment of immune related-diseases. Besides, nanodecoys, which are designed to protect the body from various pathogenic substances by intravenous administration, are simple and relatively noninvasive treatments. Herein, we have discussed and predicted the application of polymer nanotherapeutics in the correction of autoimmunity, including treating autoimmune diseases, controlling hypersensitivity, and avoiding transplant rejection. [Display omitted] • It is urgent to develop an effective strategy to treat diseases caused by abnormal autoimmunity. • Polymer nanomedicines, nanovaccines, and nanodecoys provide robust tools to correct autoimmunity. • Polymer nanotherapeutics make up for the deficiency of existing immunotherapies and exhibit excellent clinical prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The results show that all 3d transition metal adsorptions are relatively stable. • The InS monolayers adsorbed by Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sc, and V produce spin splitting. • The InS system adsorbed by Cr generates the largest magnetic moment of 5.28 μB. • MAE magnitudes of these adsorption systems range from −0.679546 meV/f.u. to 0.279594 meV/f.u. • The good potential of monolayer InS with adsorbed 3d transition metal for spintronics device applications. Based on the first principles, we have investigated the electronic structures and magnetic properties of monolayer InS adsorbed 3d transition metal (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sc, Ti, V, Zn), The results show that all 3d transition metal adsorptions are relatively stable, except Ti atoms, with adsorption energies ranging from −0.36 eV to −3.82 eV. The results of band structure calculations show that the InS monolayers adsorbed by Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sc, and V produce spin splitting and generate magnetic moments of different sizes, among them, the InS system adsorbed by Cr generates the largest magnetic moment of 5.28 μB. The band structure and the density of states calculations indicate that the TM atoms have a strong interaction with the InS surface. We also calculated the magnetic anisotropy energies of the Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sc, and V adsorption systems, and the results show that the MAE magnitudes of these adsorption systems range from −0.679546 meV/f.u. to 0.279594 meV/f.u., which displays PMA/IMA properties. Our results demonstrate the good potential of monolayer InS with adsorbed 3d transition metal for spintronics device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developing trend in tunnel engineering is toward the expansion of the tunnel’s inner diameter, which is bound to affect the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. To address this problem, transient and slow unloading tests of small thick-walled cylindrical surrounding rock specimens made of natural sandstone with different inner diameters are performed. The influence of the tunnel excavation inner diameter on the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock under the two unloading rates is studied, and numerical simulations under the same conditions are performed using FLAC3D. The results show the following. (1) Under transient and slow unloading, the strain on the inside and outside of the surrounding rock specimen increases with increasing inner excavation diameter, and under the same conditions, the inner strain on the surrounding rock specimen is greater than the outer strain. (2) When the excavation diameter is small, the inner deformation of the surrounding rock specimen experiences partial rebound, and when the excavation diameter is large, the surrounding rock specimen is damaged. (3) The surrounding rock specimen shows obvious brittle characteristics when damaged. The specimens expand significantly along the radial direction, bulge and drop blocks in the direction of unloading, and are accompanied by circumferential cracks. (4) Comparison and analysis of the numerical simulation results with the test results indicate that the test values are 2–3 times larger than the numerical values but that the presented deformation laws are consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Linalool is one of the common flavour‐related volatiles across the plant kingdom and plays an essential role in determining consumer liking of plant foods. Although great process has been made in identifying terpene synthase (TPS) genes associated with linalool synthesis, much less is known about regulation of this pathway. We initiated study by identifying PpTPS3 encoding protein catalysing enantiomer (S)‐(+)‐linalool synthesis, which is a major linalool component (˜70%) observed in ripe peach fruit. Overexpression of PpTPS3 led to linalool accumulation, while virus‐induced gene silencing of PpTPS3 led to a 66.5% reduction in linalool content in peach fruit. We next identified transcription factor (TF) PpbHLH1 directly binds to E‐box (CACATG) in the PpTPS3 promoter and activates its expression based on yeast one‐hybrid assay and EMSA analysis. Significantly positive correlation was also observed between PpbHLH1 expression and linalool production across peach cultivars. Peach fruit accumulated more linalool after overexpressing PpbHLH1 in peach fruit and reduced approximately 54.4% linalool production after silencing this TF. DNA methylation analysis showed increased PpTPS3 expression was associated with decreased 5 mC level in its promoter during peach fruit ripening, but no reverse pattern was observed for PpbHLH1. Arabidopsis and tomato fruits transgenic for peach PpbHLH1 synthesize and accumulate higher levels of linalool compared with wild‐type controls. Taken together, these results would greatly facilitate efforts to enhance linalool production and thus improve flavour of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Enhanced hardness and deformation resistance are observed in surface modified layer. • Wear resistance is drastically improved by gas nitriding and laser surface hardening. • The gas nitriding processed P20 steel has superior corrosion resistance. Gas nitriding and laser surface engineering are popular technologies to improve the surface performance of steels. This study evaluates the effect of duplex treatment of gas nitriding and laser surface engineering on surface hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of P20 plastic mold steel. It is found that gas nitriding at 550 °C for 20 h with nitrogen potential of 0.18 generates a nitrided layer without nitrides, which drastically improves the wear resistance. Simultaneously, the corrosion resistance is also marginal improved by the gas nitriding. Laser surface hardening further elevates the surface hardness and wear resistance of the nitrided layer due to the formation of martensite. Besides, a small amount of austenite retains in surface layer after laser surface hardening, which may lead to the galvanic attack at the phase interface between martensite and retained austenite and deteriorate the surface corrosion resistance. Laser surface melting results in the denitrification of nitrided layer and the formation of holes at the bottom of melted layer, thus reducing the surface hardness and wear resistance. Meanwhile, the denitrified surface layer also exhibits a degraded corrosion resistance owe to the decreasing nitrogen content and the formation of mixed structure of martensite and retained austenite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burial depth and dip angle of a coal seam, the size of the working face, mining height, structure of the overlying strata, coal mining method, and the number of mining slices all significantly affect the amount of water flowing in a fractured zone. Combined with these seven factors, a predictive model for the height of water flowing in a fractured zone was established based on a fuzzy neural network, and 49 typical cases were chosen to train and test the network. The test error of the network was small and the match degree was high. Furthermore, the predicted height of water flowing in a fractured zone of working face 2309 in the Guozhuang coal mine, China was found to be within the range of the results calculated by more traditional (the empirical formula, the key stratum, and numerical simulation) predictive methods. After a safety coefficient of 1.2-1.5 was incorporated, a 183-211 m thick coal/rock safety pillar was required. In addition, a 98 m rock pillar with original permeability was left between the protective layer and the weathered zone. Therefore, under normal conditions, the mining of working face 2309 beneath Jianghe River was assessed to be safe and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publications describing the diagnosis and treatment of anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint are scarce. We report the case a 19-year-old female at 8 weeks' gestation who presented with anterior fracture dislocation of the right sacroiliac joint, posterior fracture dislocation of the left sacroiliac joint (crescent fracture), and incomplete abortion resulting from high energy trauma. Orthopedic surgery involved standard anterior sacroiliac joint plating using an ilioinguinal approach combined with a modified Stoppa approach. Three attempts at complete abortion failed. Complete abortion was eventually achieved by dilatation and curettage two weeks after orthopedic surgery. Our findings reveal a need to improve techniques for diagnosis and treatment of anterior fracture dislocation of the sacroiliac joint, so greater attention can be paid to the rapid and effective management of associated comorbidities, and those resulting from the initial trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpine meadows, typical steppes, and deserts are among the globally important rangeland types that are generally distributed along temperature and precipitation gradients. Mineral losses caused by grazing are one of the key factors that can lead to instability or even degradation of these rangeland ecosystems. We examined the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in soil, forage, and livestock dungs from diverse rangeland types in northwest China, to determine the relationships between these trace elements (TEs) concentrations and climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and humidity), and to evaluate the potential risks of TEs deficiencies or excesses in these rangeland ecosystems. Forage Zn concentrations in forage of all three types of rangeland, and Cu concentrations in forage of the alpine meadow did not meet the growth requirements of grazing livestock. Concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn in forage and Fe, Mn, and Zn in livestock dungs had quadratic parabola relationships with temperature, precipitation, and humidity, but the relationships between climate factors and Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in soil were not significant. In addition, the abilities of the plant to absorb Cu, Fe, and Zn from soil were stronger in the typical steppe than that in the alpine meadows and desert. Also, the abilities of livestock to return TEs to soil were stronger in the alpine meadow than that in the typical steppe and desert. We derived a conceptual mode that the ratio of TE concentrations of the plant to soil and of livestock dung to forage represents the abilities of plants to absorb TEs from the soil matrix and livestock to return TEs to soil or to absorb TEs from forage, respectively. Results indicate potentially more serious risks of TEs deficiencies, especially that of Zn than previously considered in typical steppes and desert rangelands. • 1, Forage Zn concentrations in inland rangelands could not meet the growth requirement of grazing livestock. • 2, Climate factors can explain the changes of TE concentrations in forage but in soil. • 3, There is more serious risks of TE deficiencies than previously considered in typical steppes and desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roadways supported by bolts contain support structures that are built into the rock surrounding the roadway, referred to as reinforced rocks in this paper. Using physical model simulation, the paper investigates the bearing characteristics of the reinforced rock under different bolt parameters with incrementally increased load. The experimental results show that the stress at the measurement point inside the structure varies with the kinetic pressure. The stress increases slowly as the load is initially applied, displays accelerated growth in the middle of the loading application, and decreases or remains constant in the later stage of the loading application. The change in displacement of the surrounding rock exhibits the following characteristics: a slow increase when the load is first applied, accelerated growth in the middle stage, and violent growth in the later stage. There is a good correlation between the change in the measured stress and the change in the surrounding rock displacement. Increasing the density of the bolt support and the length and diameter of the bolt improves the load-bearing performance of the reinforced rock, including its strength, internal peak stress, and residual stress. Bolting improves the internal structure of the surrounding rocks, and the deterioration of the surrounding rock decreases with the distance between the bolt supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increase in mining depth and intensity, tunnel failure as a result of rock burst has become an important issue in the field of mining engineering in China. Based on the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure, which is formed due to the interaction of the bolts driven into the surrounding rock, this paper analyzes a rock burst prevention mechanism, establishes a mechanical model in burst-prone ground, deduces the strength calculation formula of the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure in burst-prone ground, and confirms the rock burst prevention criterion of the Composite Rock-Bolt Bearing Structure. According to the rock burst prevention criterion, the amount of the influence on rock burst prevention ability from the surrounding rock parameters and bolt support parameters is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]