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Objective To analyze the characteristics of inhaled allergens in adult patients with allergic asthma in Beijing. Methods Clinical data of adult patients with allergic asthma who tested positive for inhaled allergens admitted to Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected， and the characteristics of inhaled allergens were analyzed. Results A total of 1 568 patients with allergic asthma who were positive for inhaled allergens were enrolled， with a male-to-female ratio of 0.85 and an average age of （42.84±16.18） years old. The top 5 positive rates for inhaled allergens were house dust mite mix 2 （53.34%）， animal dander mix 1 （48.22%）， cocklebur （46.59%）， mugwort （39.51%）， and weed pollen mix 5 （37.19%）， respectively. The positive rates of Dermatophagoides farinae， house dust mite， house dust mite mix 2， and Aspergillus fumigatus in male patients were higher than those in female patients （all P < 0.05）， while the positive rate of animal dander mix 1 was lower than that in female patients （P = 0.001）. The positive rates of cat dander， dog dander， animal dander mix 1， house dust mite mix 2， and common ragweed showed a decreasing trend with age （all P < 0.05）. The positive rates of Aspergillus fumigatus and molds and yeasts mix 2 were the lowest among 40-49 years old and 30-39 years old， respectively， and significantly increased after 50 years old （all P < 0.001）. The positive rate of cockroach was gradually increased with the age of patients （P = 0.003）. Conclusions The proportion of young female patients with allergic asthma positive for inhaled allergens is higher than other counterparts. House dust mite mix 2 positive rate is the highest among all inhaled allergens. The positive rate of certain inhaled allergens varies among different genders and age groups.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of chronic disease management based on a case management model in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. Methods Patients with allergic bronchial asthma admitted to the outpatient of Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from February 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively included. The effect of case management on asthma symptom control and lung function was analyzed by tracking the asthma symptom control （ACT） score and lung function at 1， 3， 6 and 12 months after case management. Results A total of 175 patients with allergic asthma were included， comprising 70 male （40%） and 105 female （60%）， with a mean age of （45.58±13.78） years. Among these patients， 139 （79.4%） cases were complicated with allergic rhinitis. Pulmonary function parameters， including FEV1%pred， FEV1， FEV1/FVC， MMEF75/25%pred and PEF， were improved significantly from （87.09±18.56）%， （2.65±0.88） L， （75.09±11.93）%， 52.20% （34.70%， 69.30%）， and （6.65±1.94） L/s to （97.80±13.81）%， （2.96±0.76） L， （84.72±11.18）%， 69.20% （53.70%， 86.90%）， and （7.57±1.89） L/s （all P < 0.001）， respectively. ACT score showed a 100% good control rate after 1-year case management， with a complete control rate of 69.7%. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in symptom control based on gender or allergic rhinitis history （F = 0.575， P = 0.681； F = 2.317， P = 0.059）. There was interaction between age group and case management time. At 6-month case management， the ACT score of patients aged≥ 60 years old was significantly lower than those of patients ≤ 44 years old and 45-59 years old （both P < 0.05）. The proportion of inhaled drug usage rate and accuracy rate of using inhalation medication devices at 1-， 3-， 6- and 12-month case management was 98.8%， 86.8%， 68.0%， 51.4% and 98.8%， 100%， 100%， 100%， respectively. Conclusion The case management model can significantly improve both the usage rate and correct usage rate of inhaled medication device， enhance symptom control rate， and promote lung function recovery.

Deep learning methods have shown significant potential in tool wear lifecycle analysis. However, there are fewer open source datasets due to the high cost of data collection and equipment time investment. Existing datasets often fail to capture cutting force changes directly. This paper introduces QIT-CEMC, a comprehensive dataset for the full lifecycle of titanium (Ti6Al4V) tool wear. QIT-CEMC utilizes complex circumferential milling paths and employs a rotary dynamometer to directly measure cutting force and torque, alongside multidimensional data from initial wear to severe wear. The dataset consists of 68 different samples with approximately 5 million rows each, includes vibration, sound, cutting force and torque. Detailed wear pictures and measurement values are also provided. It is a valuable resource for time series prediction, anomaly detection, and tool wear studies. We believe QIT-CEMC will be a crucial resource for smart manufacturing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As renewable energy sources are increasingly being integrated into power systems, traditional frequency regulation methods have faced challenges, such as reduced system inertia and diminished regulatory capacity. We present a source–grid–load collaborative control strategy for the participation of electrolytic aluminum in the frequency regulation of the DC sending-end power grid. First, the frequency response characteristics of the ultrahigh-voltage DC (UHVDC) sending-end system are analyzed, and an electrolytic aluminum load model is established. Then, a hierarchical source–grid–load control strategy is proposed. The upper-layer control assigns the frequency support tasks to synchronous generators, electrolytic aluminum stations, and UHVDC systems based on the frequency dead zones. The lower-layer control aims to minimize the cost of controlling the electrolytic aluminum loads by distributing power adjustment commands to each electrolytic aluminum series within the power station. Simulations were conducted, and the results validate the effectiveness and economic benefits of the proposed strategy in reducing the control costs while maintaining system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional passive heat dissipation method has low heat dissipation efficiency, which is not suitable for the heat dissipation of the concentrated heat source inside the long-focal aerial camera, resulting in temperature level changes and temperature gradients in the optical system near the heat source, which seriously affect the imaging performance of the aerial camera. To solve this problem, an active heat dissipation method of liquid cooling cycle is proposed in this paper. To improve the solving efficiency and ensure simulation accuracy, a dynamic boundary information transfer method based on grid area weighting is proposed. The thermal simulation results show that the liquid cooling method reduces the heat source temperature by 70.12%, and the boundary temperature transfer error is 0.015%. The accuracy of thermal simulation is verified by thermal test, and the simulation error is less than 6.44%. In addition, the performance of the optical system is further analyzed, and the results show that the MTF of the optical system is increased from 0.077 to 0.194 under the proposed active liquid cooling cycle heat dissipation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The author proposed a friction plunge micro-welding (FPMW) method and applied it to column grid array packaging to realize the connection of copper columns without precision molds assisted positioning. The purpose of this paper is to study the flow behavior of the solder undergoing frictional thermo-mechanical action during the FPMW and to determine the source of the solders in the micro-zones with different microstructure characteristics near the solder/Cu column friction interface. Design/methodology/approach: Three kinds of Sn58Bi/SAC305 and SAC305/Pb90Sn composite solder samples were designed to study the flow behavior of the solder during FPMW using Bi and Pb as tracer elements. Findings: The results show that most of the solders in the position occupied by the copper column was softened and plasticized during the welding process and was extruded to side of the copper column, flowing axially, circumferentially and radially along a trajectory similar to a conical spiral line. Under the drive of the tangential friction force and the radial hold-tight force, the extruded out visco-plastic solders fully mixed with the visco-plastic solders on the sides of the copper column, and bonded with the solders that deformed plastically on the periphery, so that a stir zone and a dynamic recrystallization zone finally evolved. The outside plastically deformed solders evolved into a thermo-mechanical affected zone. Originality/value: The flow behavior of the solder during the FPMW was determined, as well as the source of the solders in micro-zones with different microstructure characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]