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Aim: To systematically search, evaluate and synthesise the most robust evidence regarding pressure injury prevention in orthopaedic patients admitted to general wards. Design: The present study provides an evidence‐based summary of the most robust findings, adhering to the evidence guidelines established by the Center for Evidence‐Based Nursing of Fudan University. Method: According to the "6S" model, a systematic search was conducted for literature on pressure injury prevention among orthopaedic patients in general wards. The types of literature included guidelines, clinical decisions, expert Consensus, evidence summaries, etc. The search period covered the time from the beginning of the database up to December 2023. Data Source s : The following databases and resources were systematically searched: Up To Date, JBI, NICE, WOCN, NZWCS, etc. Results: Fifteen literature sources were included, comprising one clinical decision, eight guidelines, one systematic review, and one expert Consensus. In these sources, a comprehensive collection of 34 pieces of best evidence was formed across six key topics: risk assessment, position management, skin care, device used for device‐related pressure injury, nutritional assessment, and support, as well as health education and training. Among the evidence gathered, a strong recommendation was made for 18 pieces, while the remaining 16 received a weak recommendation. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most robust evidence on pressure injury prevention in orthopaedic patients, encompassing 34 pieces of evidence that can serve as valuable references for clinical practice. Before implementing this evidence, it is crucial to evaluate the specific contextual factors within different countries and medical institutions, as well as the facilitators and barriers influencing its application by healthcare professionals and patient's preferences. Furthermore, targeted evidence selection should be conducted through careful screening and subsequent adjustments in implementation, thereby offering a more scientifically grounded basis for clinical nursing practice. Future research endeavours should prioritise investigating strategies for effective evidence utilisation. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: The prevention of pressure injuries poses a significant challenge for orthopaedic patients. This study presents a synthesis of 34 pieces of best evidence to provide guidance on preventive measures for pressure injuries in orthopaedic patients. Adhering to and implementing these 34 pieces of evidence can effectively aid in preventing pressure injuries in clinical practice. This evidence encompasses risk assessment, position management, skin care, device usage for device‐related pressure injuries, nutritional support and evaluation, and health education and training, establishing a comprehensive and systematic implementation process. Assessing the risk of pressure injuries during interventions serves as an essential prerequisite for developing effective strategies to prevent such injuries among orthopaedic patients. Ultimately, this study will offer valuable guidance to healthcare professionals worldwide regarding preventing pressure injuries in orthopaedic patients. Impact: Upon admission to the hospital, it is essential to conduct a risk assessment and implement evidence‐based, individualised prevention measures for pressure ulcers in patients to prevent their occurrence. This study will provide valuable insights into preventing pressure injuries in orthopaedic patients admitted to orthopaedic wards for healthcare workers worldwide. State: The PRIMA manifest is utilised during the text preparation process. Trail Registration: ES20245365 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical diagnosis of a malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is still based on the detection of tumor cells in the pleural effusion. The question of how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of detecting an MPE still remains. This study explores the use of microfluidic technology to concentrate cells in an MPE and achieved the detection of the cell marker TPN in the microarray capture area. TPN is a mitochondria-specific bio-probe that can identify tumor cells on the basis of differences in the mitochondrial potential. First, we designed a microfluidic chip to analyze its performance. The results show that when the total flow rate of the injected chip was 12 mL/h and the volume ratio of cell separation liquid to cell suspension was 1:1, the target cells (A549, MCF-7, and Hela) were enriched and the purity was improved to 98.7–99.3%. Finally, an MPE from cancer patients was used to detect the chip's ability to isolate and enrich tumor cells. Furthermore, the fluorescent identification of the TPN within the tumor cells was simultaneously achieved on the microfluidic chip. In conclusion, the potential to improve the efficiency of the clinical diagnosis of MPEs is provided by the chip structure and analysis conditions explored in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion work can be recovered and the inlet pressure of the compressor can be increased by using the two-phase flow ejector, so as to reduce compressor power consumption and improve the system performance. In this paper, the experimental study on the performance of R134a two-phase flow ejector with two-throat nozzle refrigeration system is carried out. The influence of the structure parameters of the ejector on the performance of the ejector and the refrigeration system was discussed. The experimental results indicate that the smaller nozzle distance is beneficial to improve the performance of ejector. Under the condition of the condensing temperature of 40°C and the evaporation temperature of -10°C, the performance of the ejector and the ejector system is the best as the divergence angle of the first nozzle is 8°. The refrigeration capacity of the system can be adjusted by changing the position of the injection needle. As the effective area ratio of the nozzle throat is 90%, the performance of the system and the ejector can reach the maximum value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise offers short-term and long-term health benefits, including an increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure in myocardium. The newly-discovered exercise-induced myokine, irisin, stimulates conversion of white into brown adipocytes as well as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and energy expenditure. Remarkably, irisin is highly expressed in myocardium, but its physiological effects in the heart are unknown. The objective of this work is to investigate irisin’s potential multifaceted effects on cardiomyoblasts and myocardium. For this purpose, H9C2 cells were treated with recombinant irisin produced in yeast cells (r-irisin) and in HEK293 cells (hr-irisin) for examining its effects on cell proliferation by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and on gene transcription profiles by qRT-PCR. R-irisin and hr-irisin both inhibited cell proliferation and activated genes related to cardiomyocyte metabolic function and differentiation, including myocardin, follistatin, smooth muscle actin, and nuclear respiratory factor-1. Signal transduction pathways affected by r-irisin in H9C2 cells and C57BL/6 mice were examined by detecting phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT, p38, ERK or STAT3. We also measured intracellular Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial thermogenesis and energy expenditure in r-irisin-treated H9C2 cells. The results showed that r-irisin, in a certain concentration rage, could activate PI3K-AKT and intracellular Ca2+ signaling and increase cellular oxygen consumption in H9C2 cells. Our study also suggests the existence of irisin-specific receptor on the membrane of H9C2 cells. In conclusion, irisin in a certain concentration rage increased myocardial cell metabolism, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell differentiation. These effects might be mediated through PI3K-AKT and Ca2+ signaling, which are known to activate expression of exercise-related genes such as follistatin and myocardin. This work supports the value of exercise, which promotes irisin release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) has a high mortality and disability, which brings a heavy burden to the medical and health system. This study aims to discover the clinical prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with ACI, explore the predictive factors leading to this complication, and provide more evidence for better identification of PSD in clinic., Methods: From April 2021 to April 2023, this retrospective study selected 166 ACI patients as the research subjects, collected clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators at baseline, and observed the prevalence of PSD using the Hamilton depression scale 17 and the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Multiple logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the predictive factors of PSD in patients with ACI., Results: The total incidence of PSD was 35.54% in 166 patients with ACI. The score of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the score of daily life ability scale (ADL), and homocysteine (Hcy) level in the PSD group were higher than non-PSD group ( P NIHSS < .001, P ADL < .001, P Hcy  = .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high Hcy levels, NIHSS scores, and ADL scores were independent risk factors for PSD ( P Hcy  =.038, P NIHSS  =.002, P ADL <.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that areas under curve (AUC) = 0.894, standard error a  = 0.025, progressive significance b <.001, 95% CI = 0.845-0.943, cut-off value = 0.520, sensitivity = 91.60%, specificity = 74.60%, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P  = .246, suggesting that ROC curve has a certain clinical predictive efficacy., Conclusion: The prevalence of early PSD in patients with ACI is relatively high. Homocysteine levels, NIHSS scores and ADL scores may be independent risk factors for PSD, and targeted clinical intervention should be implemented for the above factors., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 authors.)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory response, and activation of apoptosis have been proposed to be tightly involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Genkwanin is a typical bioactive non-glycosylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, the effect of genkwanin on PD remains unclear. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase-3/7 activity, and apoptosis was evaluated by MTT, LDH release assay, caspase-3/7 activity assay, and TUNEL assay, respectively. The secretion of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were measured by respective commercial ELISA kits. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein: 3 (NLRP3) were determined by western blot analysis. Genkwanin at concentrations less than 40 μM had no impact on cell viability and LDH release. Genkwanin suppressed MPP + -induced neuroinflammation in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP + treatment inhibited cell viability, increased LDH release, apoptosis, and ROS generation, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in SH-SY5Y cells, which were abolished by genkwanin treatment. Genkwanin suppressed MPP + -induced activation of TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. TLR4 overexpression weakened the anti-inflammatory and anti-neurotoxicity of genkwanin in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, genkwanin attenuated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in MPP + -induced cellular model of PD., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Cancer chemotherapy can benefit from the combination of different anticancer drugs. Here, we prepared doxorubicin (Dox)- and thioridazine (Thio)-coloaded methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactic acid) (MPEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) for breast cancer therapy. These NPs have an average particle size of 27 nm. The drug loading efficiencies of Thio and Dox are 4.71% and 1.98%, respectively. Compared to the treatment of Thio or Dox alone, the combination of Thio and Dox exhibited a synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. In addition, the Thio- and Dox-coloaded MPEG-PLA NPs could efficiently suppress the growth of breast cancer cells in vivo. This study suggests that Thio- and Dox-coloaded MPEG-PLA NPs might have potential applications in breast cancer treatment.

Nanoparticles have promising applications in drug delivery for cancer therapy. Herein, we prepared cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane/methoxypoly (ethyleneglycol) (DPP) nanoparticles to deliver doxorubicin (Dox) for intravesical therapy of bladder cancer. The DPP micelles have a mean dynamic diameter of 18.65 nm and a mean zeta potential of +19.6 mV. The DPP micelles could prolong the residence of Dox in the bladder, enhance the penetration of Dox into the bladder wall, and improve cellular uptake of Dox. The encapsulation by DPP micelles significantly improved the anticancer effect of Dox against orthotopic bladder cancer in vivo. This work described a Dox-loaded DPP nanoparticle with potential applications in intravesical therapy of bladder cancer.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume with depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD)., Methods: One hundred patients with IPD between January 2011 to December 2013 in Tianjin Huanhu Hospotal were compared with one hundred controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One hundred IPD patients were investigated and estimated H-Y degrees, UPDRS, MMSE, MoCA. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data., Results: T&T olfactory testing revealed that IPD patients (3.0 ± 0.3) had higher scores than controls (1.3 ± 0.2, t = 2.537, P < 0.01). Both men and women with IPD were affected by the same extent of olfactory loss (t = 0.893, P > 0.05). Both men and women as controls were affected by the same extent of olfactory loss(t = 1.184, P > 0.05). OB volume of left side in IPD patients was (34.25 ± 5.14) mm(3), right side was (35.79 ± 5.28)mm(3), average OB volume was (35.28 ± 5.21) mm(3); OB volume of left side in controls was (47.38 ± 6.47) mm(3), right side was (47.75 ± 6.51) mm(3), average OB volume was (47.53 ± 6.49) mm(3); OB volume were lower in IPD patients as compared to controls (t value were 2.876, 2.747, 2.798, all P < 0.01). OS depth study revealed no statistical difference between IPD patients and controls (t value were 0.914, 0.987, 0.951, all P > 0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with average OB volume in IPD patients and controls (r value were -0.537,-0.526, both P < 0.05); was no correlated with average depth of OS (r value were -0.142, -0.157, both P > 0.05). There was relation between the average OB volume and UPDRS III, UPDRS, the degree of H-Y in IPD patients (r value were 0.312, -0.419, -0.358, all P < 0.05). However the average OB volume was not related to the course of disease (r = -0.089, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The OB volume is lower in IPD patients as compared to controls, the depth of OS have no significant changes in IPD patients; The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, the depth of OS is not correlated with olfactory function; Olfactory function lower degree is accordance with serious degree in IPD patients, is not accordance with the course of disease.

Transthyretin (TTR) is a major amyloid fibril protein found in patients with familial amyloidotic polynuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA). Mainly synthesized in the live, TTR is transferred in the form of tetramer bound with thyroxine, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and lipoprotein in the blood. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of amyloid substances in the blood by investigated the hemocoelom amyloid in different tissue sections from autopsies such as brain, kidney, heart and aorta arch tissue. Congo red staining was employed following by application of polarized light examination, to verify the presence of amyloid deposition in the tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was then performed to identify the specific type of amyloid deposition. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) was also used to analyze TTR mutation in FAP patients. All subjects were FAP ATTR Val30Met patients. In FAP patients, TTR amyloid deposition was found mainly in the tunica intima of the aortic arch. Interestingly, amyloid substance was found in the blood of FAP patient. Our results suggest that amyloid substance was present in the blood of FAP ATTR Val30Met patients.