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3D point cloud segmentation has a wide range of applications in areas such as autonomous driving, augmented reality, virtual reality and digital twins. The point cloud data collected in real scenes often contain small objects and categories with small sample sizes, which are difficult to handle by existing networks. In this regard, we propose a point cloud segmentation network that fuses local attention based on density perception with global attention. The core idea is to increase the effective receptive field of each point while reducing the loss of information about small objects in dense areas. Specifically, we divide different sized windows for local areas with different densities to compute attention within the window. Furthermore, we consider each local area as an independent token for the global attention of the entire input. A category-response loss is also proposed to balance the processing of different categories and sizes of objects. In particular, we set up an additional fully connected layer in the middle of the network for prediction of the presence of object categories, and construct a binary cross-entropy loss to respond to the presence of categories in the scene. In experiments, our method achieves competitive results in semantic segmentation and part segmentation tasks on several publicly available datasets. Experiments on point cloud data obtained from complex real-world scenes filled with tiny objects also validate the strong segmentation capability of our method for small objects as well as small sample categories.

The transfer of population between two intersecting quantum states is the most fundamental dynamical event that governs a broad variety of processes in physics, chemistry, biology and material science. Whereas any two-state description implies that population leaving one state instantaneously appears in the other state, we show that coupling to additional states, present in all real-world systems, can cause a measurable delay in population transfer. Using attosecond spectroscopy supported by advanced quantum-chemical calculations, we measure a delay of 1.46$\pm$0.41 fs at a charge-transfer state crossing in CF$_3$I$^+$, where an electron hole moves from the fluorine atoms to iodine. Our measurements also fully resolve the other fundamental quantum-dynamical processes involved in the charge-transfer reaction: a vibrational rearrangement time of 9.38$\pm$0.21 fs (during which the vibrational wave packet travels to the state crossing) and a population-transfer time of 2.3-2.4 fs. Our experimental results and theoretical simulations show that delays in population transfer readily appear in otherwise-adiabatic reactions and are typically on the order of 1 fs for intersecting molecular valence states. These results have implications for many research areas, such as atomic and molecular physics, charge transfer or light harvesting., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, article

We have developed an individual identification system based on magnetocardiography (MCG) signals captured using optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). Our system utilizes pattern recognition to analyze the signals obtained at different positions on the body, by scanning the matrices composed of MCG signals with a 2*2 window. In order to make use of the spatial information of MCG signals, we transform the signals from adjacent small areas into four channels of a dataset. We further transform the data into time-frequency matrices using wavelet transforms and employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification. As a result, our system achieves an accuracy rate of 97.04% in identifying individuals. This finding indicates that the MCG signal holds potential for use in individual identification systems, offering a valuable tool for personalized healthcare management., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Author manuscript accepted for AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium on Clinical Foundation Models

Stock trend classification remains a fundamental yet challenging task, owing to the intricate time-evolving dynamics between and within stocks. To tackle these two challenges, we propose a graph-based representation learning approach aimed at predicting the future movements of multiple stocks. Initially, we model the complex time-varying relationships between stocks by generating dynamic multi-relational stock graphs. This is achieved through a novel edge generation algorithm that leverages information entropy and signal energy to quantify the intensity and directionality of inter-stock relations on each trading day. Then, we further refine these initial graphs through a stochastic multi-relational diffusion process, adaptively learning task-optimal edges. Subsequently, we implement a decoupled representation learning scheme with parallel retention to obtain the final graph representation. This strategy better captures the unique temporal features within individual stocks while also capturing the overall structure of the stock graph. Comprehensive experiments conducted on real-world datasets from two US markets (NASDAQ and NYSE) and one Chinese market (Shanghai Stock Exchange: SSE) validate the effectiveness of our method. Our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in forecasting next trading day stock trends across three test periods spanning seven years. Datasets and code have been released (https://github.com/pixelhero98/MGDPR)., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Author manuscript accepted for ICASSP 2024 (IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing)

Recent studies on Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) have shown great progress on this task via better question understanding. Previous works for encoding questions mainly focus on the word sequences, but seldom consider the information from syntactic trees.In this paper, we propose an approach to learn syntax-based representations for KBQA. First, we encode path-based syntax by considering the shortest dependency paths between keywords. Then, we propose two encoding strategies to mode the information of whole syntactic trees to obtain tree-based syntax. Finally, we combine both path-based and tree-based syntax representations for KBQA. We conduct extensive experiments on a widely used benchmark dataset and the experimental results show that our syntax-aware systems can make full use of syntax information in different settings and achieve state-of-the-art performance of KBQA.

We report the first observation of intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) in liquid water following inner-valence ionization. By combining a monochromatized table-top high-harmonic source with a liquid micro-jet, we recorded electron-electron coincidence spectra at two photon energies that identify the ICD electrons, together with the photoelectrons originating from the 2a1 inner-valence band of liquid water. Our results confirm the importance of ICD as a source of low-energy electrons in bulk liquid water and provide quantitative results for modeling the velocity distribution of the slow electrons that are thought to dominate radiation damage in aqueous environments., Comment: Accepted in PRL

Non-local operations are usually used to capture long-range dependencies via aggregating global context to each position recently. However, most of the methods cannot preserve object shapes since they only focus on feature similarity but ignore proximity between central and other positions for capturing long-range dependencies, while shape-awareness is beneficial to many computer vision tasks. In this paper, we propose a Semi-Global Shape-aware Network (SGSNet) considering both feature similarity and proximity for preserving object shapes when modeling long-range dependencies. A hierarchical way is taken to aggregate global context. In the first level, each position in the whole feature map only aggregates contextual information in vertical and horizontal directions according to both similarity and proximity. And then the result is input into the second level to do the same operations. By this hierarchical way, each central position gains supports from all other positions, and the combination of similarity and proximity makes each position gain supports mostly from the same semantic object. Moreover, we also propose a linear time algorithm for the aggregation of contextual information, where each of rows and columns in the feature map is treated as a binary tree to reduce similarity computation cost. Experiments on semantic segmentation and image retrieval show that adding SGSNet to existing networks gains solid improvements on both accuracy and efficiency., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Visual localization to compute 6DoF camera pose from a given image has wide applications such as in robotics, virtual reality, augmented reality, etc. Two kinds of descriptors are important for the visual localization. One is global descriptors that extract the whole feature from each image. The other is local descriptors that extract the local feature from each image patch usually enclosing a key point. More and more methods of the visual localization have two stages: at first to perform image retrieval by global descriptors and then from the retrieval feedback to make 2D-3D point correspondences by local descriptors. The two stages are in serial for most of the methods. This simple combination has not achieved superiority of fusing local and global descriptors. The 3D points obtained from the retrieval feedback are as the nearest neighbor candidates of the 2D image points only by global descriptors. Each of the 2D image points is also called a query local feature when performing the 2D-3D point correspondences. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel search framework, which leverages advantages of both local and global descriptors to get nearest neighbor candidates of a query local feature. Specifically, besides using deep learning based global descriptors, we also utilize local descriptors to construct random tree structures for obtaining nearest neighbor candidates of the query local feature. We propose a new probabilistic model and a new deep learning based local descriptor when constructing the random trees. A weighted Hamming regularization term to keep discriminativeness after binarization is given in the loss function for the proposed local descriptor. The loss function co-trains both real and binary descriptors of which the results are integrated into the random trees.

With the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in recent years, the network structure has become more and more complex and varied, and has achieved very good results in pattern recognition, image classification, object detection and tracking. For CNNs used for image classification, in addition to the network structure, more and more research is now focusing on the improvement of the loss function, so as to enlarge the inter-class feature differences, and reduce the intra-class feature variations as soon as possible. Besides the traditional Softmax, typical loss functions include L-Softmax, AM-Softmax, ArcFace, and Center loss, etc. Based on the concept of predefined evenly-distributed class centroids (PEDCC) in CSAE network, this paper proposes a PEDCC-based loss function called PEDCC-Loss, which can make the inter-class distance maximal and intra-class distance small enough in hidden feature space. Multiple experiments on image classification and face recognition have proved that our method achieve the best recognition accuracy, and network training is stable and easy to converge. Code is available in https://github.com/ZLeopard/PEDCC-Loss, Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures