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Aims: Rare studies have investigated the association between heterogeneity of motor progression and risk of early cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aim to identify distinct trajectories of motor progression longitudinally and investigate their impact on predicting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A 5‐year cohort including 415 PD patients at baseline was collected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. The severity of motor symptoms was evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III. The latent class trajectory model and nonlinear mixed‐effects model were used to analyze and delineate the longitudinal changes in motor symptoms. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize the impact of potential confounders. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios for MCI, and a Kaplan–Meier curve was generated using the occurrence of MCI during the follow‐up as the time‐to‐event. Results: Two latent trajectories were identified: a mild and remitting motor symptoms class (Class 1, 33.01%) and a severe and progressive motor symptom class (Class 2, 66.99%). Patients in Class 2 initially exhibited severe motor symptoms that worsened progressively despite receiving anti‐PD medications. In comparison, patients in Class 1 exhibited milder symptoms that improved following drug therapy and a slower progression. During a 5‐year follow‐up, patients in Class 2 showed a higher risk of developing MCI compared to those in Class 1 before PSM (Log‐Rank 28.58, p < 0.001) and after PSM (Log‐Rank 8.20, p = 0.004). Conclusions: PD patients with severe and progressive motor symptoms are more likely to develop MCI than those with mild and stable motor symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar panel supporting systems are often affected by strong wind loads, especially in typhoon-intensive areas such as Southeast Asia. This paper focuses on the study of flat-panel solar energy system. The numerical model of solar panel supporting system has been built by using the fluid flow control equations. Firstly, the numerical simulation of aerodynamic characteristics of the solar panel supporting system are conducted, and then the pressure results gained from CFD are loaded and coupled to the front and back of the solar panels. Lastly, the stress, strain and the modal analysis results of the support system under four different directional wind loads are achieved. The conclusions include: (1) under the condition of same wind speed, the wind pressure and distribution of the solar panel are different with different wind directions, and the wind load perpendicular to the solar panel has the greatest influence on the solar supporting system. (2)The modal frequency of flat panel solar supporting system is little affected by wind directions and average wind pressure. In the structure design, low order vibration should be considered mainly in the supporting part of the system, while the high order vibration should be generally considered in vibrating risk of solar panel. (3)The first six modal frequencies coupled with fluid-structure interaction of the flat panel solar supporting system are all slightly lower than the free modal frequencies.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the glymphatic function and its related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and patients with PD of different ages using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) method. Methods: Medical records and imaging data of 93 patients with idiopathic PD and 42 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The diffusivity along the perivascular spaces, projection fibers, and association fibers were calculated on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to acquire the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index. Results: PD patients exhibited a reduced ALPS index compared with the HCs. Negative correlations between the ALPS index and clinical information including age, age at disease onset, Parkinson's disease sleep scale 2nd version (PDSS‐2) scores, and history of diabetes mellitus were revealed in the PD group. Besides, a negative correlation between the ALPS index and the severity of motor symptoms was identified in the subgroup aged 65 and above, rather than in the younger ones. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that reduced ALPS index, a potential noninvasive measure of compromised glymphatic activity, is involved in the pathophysiology of PD, especially in the aged ones and those with sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]