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Based on the pyrolysis of palm flower, self-doped multi-heteroatoms nanoarchitectonics of hierarchically porous carbon materials have been designed and synthesized. The derived materials which co-doped with N, O, and S, exhibit an ultra-high specific surface area of 3362.51 m2 g−1 and an extra-large pore volume of 2.34 cm3 g−1 with interconnected macro-, meso- and micro-pores. The as-synthesized material shows satisfactory electrochemical properties, including high specific capacitance of 391.05 F g−1 (at 1 A g−1), good rate capability (85.70 % capacitance retention at 10 A g−1) and superior cycling performance in alkaline electrolyte. The as-fabricated symmetric supercapacitor, at a stable working voltage of 3.5 V, shows a high energy density of 128.63 Wh kg−1 and excellent cycle life of 94.93 % after 10,000 cycles in ionic liquids electrolyte. The porous carbon materials derived from nature materials can be good candidate materials for fabricating energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • PF-HPCs x with multi-heteroatoms self- and co-doped • The nanoarchitectonics hierarchically carbon possess ultra-large surface area. • The supercapacitors show good rate capability and high energy density. • A clear strategy of renewable resources selection for energy storage is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recessiveXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo) resistance gene,xa25, which mediates race-specific resistance to theXooisolate PXO339, has previously been characterized in rice (Oryza sativaL.). Its dominant allele,Xa25, is transcriptionally induced byXooinfection, which in turn results in susceptibility to PXO339. Utilizing a base substitution (−40, G to T) in thexa25/Xa25promoters, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was designed for effective identification of thexa25gene. This marker co-segregated with thexa25gene and explicitly distinguished the genotypes ofxa25/Xa25gene in rice. The marker was further tested on nine Chinese rice landraces, revealing the association ofxa25/Xa25genotypes with resistance/susceptibility to PXO339, respectively. Therefore, this marker is reliable and cost-effective for marker-assisted selection of thexa25gene in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Exploring anode materials with an excellent electrochemical performance is of great significance for supercapacitor applications. In this work, a N-doped-carbon-nanofiber (NCNF)-supported Fe3C/Fe2O3 nanoparticle (NCFCO) composite was synthesized via the facile carbonizing and subsequent annealing of electrospinning nanofibers containing an Fe source. In the hybrid structure, the porous carbon nanofibers used as a substrate could provide fast electron and ion transport for the Faradic reactions of Fe3C/Fe2O3 during charge–discharge cycling. The as-obtained NCFCO yields a high specific capacitance of 590.1 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, superior to that of NCNF-supported Fe3C nanoparticles (NCFC, 261.7 F g−1), and NCNFs/Fe2O3 (NCFO, 398.3 F g−1). The asymmetric supercapacitor, which was assembled using the NCFCO anode and activated carbon cathode, delivered a large energy density of 14.2 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1. Additionally, it demonstrated an impressive capacitance retention of 96.7%, even after 10,000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the synergistic contributions of NCNF and Fe3C/Fe2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the plant hormones, which plays crucial roles in signaling transduction in plant growth, disease resistance, and leaf senescence. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SA 3-hydroxylase (S3H) and 5-hydroxylase (S5H) are key enzymes which maintain SA homeostasis by catalyzing SA to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA, respectively. Results: SA deficient transgenic Arabidopsis lines were generated by introducing two binary vectors S5Hpro::EGFP-S3H and 35Spro::EGFP-S3H respectively, in which the expression of S3H is under the control of the S5H promoter or CaMV 35S promoter. Compared with the constitutive expression of S3H gene under the control of 35S promoter, the S3H gene under the native S5H promoter is activated by endogenous SA and results in a dynamic control of SA catabolism in a feedback mode. The SA accumulation, growth, leaf senescence, and pathogen resistance of the S5Hpro::GFP-S3H transgenic plants were investigated in parallel with NahG transgenic plants. The SA levels in the S5Hpro::EGFP-S3H transgenic plants were similar to or slightly lower than those of NahG transgenic Arabidopsis and resulted in SA deficient phenotypes. The low-SA trait of the S5Hpro::EGFP-S3H transgenic lines was inherited stably in the later generations. Conclusions: Compared with NahG transgenic lines producing by-product catechol, S5Hpro::EGFP-S3H transgenic lines reduce SA levels by converting SA to a native product 2,3-DHBA for catabolism. Together, we provide new SA-deficient germplasms for the investigations of SA signaling in plant development, leaf senescence, and disease resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]