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Background After being completely promoted for less than seven years, China's contracted family doctor service work still faces a number of development problems. The primary obstacle impeding the work of contracted family doctor service is an inadequate guarantee mechanism. There is an urgent need for scientific and reasonable policies on contracted family doctor service to guarantee the effective development of the work. Objective To quantitatively analyze the textual content of China's contracted family doctor service policies, to explore the focus and shortcomings of the existing policies, and to provide the basis and reference for the development and optimization of the subsequent contracted family doctor service policies. Methods Policy texts were collected by visiting the official websites of the China government and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China on 2023-01-10, and 15 policy texts on contracted family doctor service from 2015—2022 were selected to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools-stakeholders-policy strength, to categorize, code, and analyze the policy documents. Results Supply-based, demand-based, and environment-based tools accounted for 30.5% (69/226), 19.0% (43/226), and 50.5% (114/226) of the policy tool dimension. Family doctors, contractors, non-contractors, primary medical and health care institutions, hospitals (secondary and above), and the government accounted for 29.2% (123/422), 14.7% (62/422), 9.2% (39/422), 21.3% (90/422), 13.3% (56/422), and 12.3% (52/422) of the stakeholder dimension. The average strength of China's contracted family doctor service policies was 2.2 points. In the cross-dimension of policy tools-stakeholders, the distribution of stakeholders in supply-based and environment-based tools was relatively poor. There were some sub-tools that were absent from the policy tools. In the cross-dimension of policy tools-policy strength, environment-oriented policy instruments were used more often as policy strength increased. In the cross-dimension of stakeholders-policy strength, there were large differences of the policy strength matching scores among various stakeholders. Family doctors had the highest score (311 points) with non-contractors the lowest score (90 points) . Conclusion From the perspective of policy tools, policy tools should be allocated rationally, with the weight of use continuously adjusted, the internal structure optimized, and the rationality of the distribution of policy tools among stakeholders improved. From the stakeholder's perspective, all stakeholders should be taken into account, their respective positions need to be clarified, and the demand of the non-contractors should be emphasized. From the perspective of policy strength, the policy supervision and management capacity ought to be strengthened to continuously improve the implementation of the policy of contracted family doctor service.

BackgroundThe use of controlled X-ray sources instead of 137Cs radioactive sources in density logging has become a new trend. The intensity of the X-ray source is substantially influenced by the high voltage on the target substrate, and the density measurement uncertainty can be maintained at 0.01 g·cm-3 when the high voltage is 350 kV.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the parameters of the shielding material and thickness suitable for the 350 kV high-voltage X-ray density logging instrument.MethodsThe Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the energy spectrum and counting rate of X-rays passing through different materials and thicknesses. By comparing the correlation between the 0~0.15 MeV and 0.15~0.35 MeV energy windows, the reasons for the difference between the X-ray attenuation and detector count rate in different energy windows were determined. In addition, combined with the actual instrument model construction of the four-detector X-ray density logging instrument, the influence of the three parts of particles on the detector was primarily considered. The placement mode and optimal thickness of each part of the shield for detectors were analyzed and designed using Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) simulation.ResultsThe simulation results show that the attenuation of X-rays in high- and low-energy windows increases with increase of atomic number and thickness of shielding materials. When tungsten nickel iron alloy is selected as the shielding material for the four-detector X-ray density logging instrument model, the suitable thickness of the shield between the base and the near-source detector is 1.75 cm. Meanwhile, to maintain the high voltage of X-ray generator at 350 kV, a shield layer with a thickness of 0.2 cm is placed between each detector, and a shield layer with a thickness of 0.35 cm is added to the back of the detector.ConclusionsThis study provides the design theory and key parameters for shielding materials and structures in the development of X-ray density logging tool.

Polygonaceae is a large family of medicinal herbs that includes many species used as traditional Chinese medicine, such as Persicaria perfoliata. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of P. perfoliata using Illumina sequencing technology with the purpose of providing a method to facilitate accurate identification. After being annotated, the complete chloroplast genome of P. perfoliata was compared with those of Fagopyrum tataricum, Persicaria chinensis, Fagopyrum dibotrys,and Fallopia multiflora. The complete chloroplast genome of P. perfoliata is 160 730 bp in length, containing a small single-copy region of 12 927 bp, a large single-copy region of 85 433 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 62 370 bp. A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 8 rRNA genes, 34 tRNA genes, and 84 protein-coding genes. Forty-two simple sequence repeats and 55 repeat sequences were identified. Mutational hotspot analyses indicated that five genes (matK, ndhF, ccsA, cemA,and rpl20) could be selected as candidates for molecular markers. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that all the Polygonaceae species formed a monophyletic clade, and P. perfoliata showed the closest relationship with P. chinense. The study provides valuable molecular information to accurately identify P. perfoliata and assist in its development and application. Key words: chloroplast genome, phylogenetics, Polygonaceae, relative synonymous codon usage, simple sequence repeat Les Polygonaceae forment une grande famille de plantes medicinales, et celle-ci inclut plusieurs especes employees en medecine traditionnelle chinoise, tel que Persicaria perfoliata. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont sequence le genome chloroplastique complet du P. perfoliata à l'aide de la technologie de sequencage Illumina dans le but de faciliter l'identification de cette espece. Apres annotation, le genome chloroplastique complet du P. perfoliata a ete compare à ceux du Fagopyrum tataricum,du Persicaria chinensis,du Fagopyrum dibotrys et du Fallopia multiflora. Le genome chloroplastique complet du P. perfoliata mesure 160 730 pb, contient une petite region simple copie de 12 927 pb, une grande region simple copie de 85 433 pb et une paire de regions inversees repetees de 62 370 pb. Au total, 131 genes ont ete annotes, incluant 8 genes d'ARNr, 34 d'ARNt et 84 codant pour des genes. Quarante-deux microsatellites et 55 sequences repetees ont ete identifiees. Une analyse des sites les plus polymorphes a montre que cinq genes (matK, ndhF, ccsA, cemA, rpl20) s'averaient de bons candidats pour developper des marqueurs moleculaires. De plus, une analyse phylogenetique a montre que toutes les especes de Polygonaceae formaient un clade monophyletique, et que le plus proche parent du P. perfoliata etait le P. chinense. Cette etude apporte une information moleculaire precieuse pour l'identification precise du P. perfoliata et se veut utile pour le developpement et l'application d'outils d'identification. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : genome chloroplastique, phylogenetique, Polygonaceae, usage relatif des codons synonymes, microsatellite, Introduction Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross is a plant from Persicaria of Polygonaceae, which is widely used to cure internal, surgical, and gynecological diseases (Zhao et al. 2006; J. Liu [...]

In recent decades, EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been proven to be an effective therapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs limits their clinical application. In the present study, we investigate the antitumor effect and underlying mechanism of a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, cyy-287, in NSCLC. We find that cyy-287 has a high affinity for lung tissue and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, the significant suppression of migration and induction of apoptosis by cyy-287 are only observed in EGFR-driven but not in EGFR-wild-type (wt) cells. According to the RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis results, cyy-287 markedly inhibits the MAPK pathway in EGFR-driven PC9 cells, and western blot analysis results further indicate that cyy-287 selectively blocks the ERK pathway in EGFR-driven cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis induced by cyy-287 could be partially reversed by ERK pathway inhibition. Further experiment indicates that cyy-287 inhibits the EGFR pathway in both EGFR-driven and EGFR-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, it only induces apoptosis in EGFR-driven cells, not in EGFR-overexpressing cells. The growth of EGFR-driven cells is suppressed by cyy-287 in vivo, with fewer side effects. Our results suggest that cyy-287 may be a potential therapeutic drug with promising antitumor effects against NSCLC.