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Objective To explore the transcriptomic changes of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (ACGEJ) and identify key genes in the occurrence and progression. Methods RNA sequencing data of ACGEJ tumors and adjacent normal tissues samples from 58 patients who were recruited at the Linzhou Cancer Hospital and Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital. The gene expression level of paired ACGEJ and adjacent normal tissue samples were compared to identify dysregulated genes. And the enriched pathways of these genes were analyzed by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). LASSO regression model was used to test the association between the expression of dysregulated genes and the prognosis of ACGEJ patients, and the clinical features and prognosis associated gene set were applied to establish the nomogram model. Results Through transcriptomic profiling of tumor and non-tumor ACGEJ samples, 737 significantly differentially expression genes (DEGs) in ACGEJ were identified(｜log2FC｜＞1.2, Q＜0.05). The DEGs were related to tumor proliferation, growth, metastasis and metabolism. Among these DEGs, a total of 9 genes (ASF1B,ACTN1,KNL1,SAPCD2,TP53I11,DMBT1,CNFN,ID2,DPT) were identified to associate with the prognosis of ACGEJ patients by LASSO regression model. These 9 genes were further selected to build a prognostic model. The patients could be divided into two groups by this prognostic model, and the overall survival (OS) of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group (P＜0.01). A nomogram was established which included the age, clinical stage and prognosis associated gene set for eventual clinical translation. Conclusions Several genes associated with the occurrence and progression of ACGEJ are identified. These genes may be potential treatment targets and prognostic biomarkers of this disease.

Abstract Background Malaria re-emerged in the Huang-Huai Plain of central China during 2006–2008, dominated with Anopheles sinensis as a vector. However, there is no information on strategies based on multi-factor analysis to effectively control the re-emergence of malaria in these areas. Previous experience indicates some relationship between the distribution of water bodies and malaria cases, but more detailed data are not available and in-depth studies have not been conducted up to now. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between the distribution of water bodies and presentation of malaria cases using spatial analysis tools in order to provide guidance to help formulate effective strategies for use in controlling the sources of malaria infection, based on the identification of risk areas and population. Methods The geographic information of malaria cases and their surrounding water bodies were collected from Suixi, Guoyang, Guzhen, Yingshang, Fengyang and Yongqiao County in Anhui province, Yongcheng and Tongbai County in Henan province. All malaria cases distributed in 113 villages in these 8 counties were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and confirmed by household investigation. Data on GIS and malaria cases were mapped and analyzed with the software of ArcGIS 9.2 to identify the spatial correlation between malaria cases and water bodies. The distance from households with malaria cases to the nearest water bodies was used to calculate the OR value by Chi-square test. The risk area was identified through the comparison of OR values in different distances. Results 357 malaria cases and their GPS data as well as surrounding water bodies were collected and analyzed. 74% of malaria cases were located within the extent of 60 m proximity to the water bodies. The risk rate of people living there and presenting with malaria was significantly higher than others (OR = 1.6,95%CI (1.042, 2.463),P Conclusions The results revealed that distribution of water bodies is an important factor influencing the occurrence and distribution of malaria cases in the An.sinensis areas, and implies that the scope and population within 60 m around water bodies are at risk and could be a targeted population for case management of malaria.

Objective: Recurrent aneurysms after coil embolization remain a challenging issue. The goal of the present study was to report the authors' experience with recurrent aneurysms after coil embolization and to discuss the radiographic classification scheme and recommended management strategy., Methods: Aneurysm treatments from a single institution over a 6-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety-seven aneurysms that recurred after initial coiling were managed during the study period. Recurrent aneurysms were classified into the following 5 types based on their angiographic characteristics: I, pure recanalization inside the aneurysm sac; II, pure coil compaction without aneurysm growth; III, new aneurysm neck formed without coil compaction; IV, new aneurysm neck formed with coil compaction; and V, newly formed aneurysm neck and sac., Results: Aneurysm recurrences resulted in rehemorrhages in 6 cases (6.2%) of type III-V aneurysms, but in none of type I-II aneurysms. There was a significantly higher proportion of ophthalmic artery aneurysms and complex internal carotid artery aneurysms presenting as types I and II than presented as the other 3 types (63.3% vs 16.4%, p < 0.001). In contrast, for posterior communicating artery aneurysms and anterior communicating artery aneurysms, a higher proportion of type III-V aneurysms was observed than for the other 2 types, but without a significant difference in the multivariate model (56.7% vs 23.3%). In addition, giant (> 25 mm) aneurysms were more common among type I and II lesions than among type III and IV aneurysms (36.7% vs 9.0%, p = 0.001), which exhibited a higher proportion of small (< 10 mm) lesions (65.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). A single reembolization procedure was sufficient to occlude 80.0% of type I recurrences and 83.3% of type II recurrences from coil compaction but only 65.6% of type III-V recurrences from aneurysm regrowth., Conclusions: Aneurysm size and location represent the determining factors of the angiographic recurrence types. Type I and II recurrences were safely treated by reembolization, whereas type III-V recurrences may be best managed surgically when technically feasible.

The 2015 malaria epidemiological data reported through the annual malaria statistics reporting system were collected and analyzed. Totally 3 288 malaria cases were reported in 664 counties of 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions （P/M/A） in 2015, which increased by 6.8% in comparison to that of 2014 （3 078 cases）, and the incidence in 2015 was 0.024 0/10 000. The cases were reported primarily from Provinces of Yunnan （18.4%, 606/3 288）, Jiangsu （12.3%, 405/3 288）, Sichuan （8.8%, 290/3 288）, Guangxi （7.2%, 236/3 288） and Shandong（6.4%, 212/3 288）. Of all the cases, 40（1.2%, 40/3 288） were indigenous cases, mainly distributed in the border area of Yunnan （six counties）, Tibet （one county）, Liaoning （one county） and Hainan （one county）. There was one case of whom the source of infection was unknown. The locally-infected falciparum malaria was only found in Cangyuan County of Yunnan（1 case）. The prevalence of indigenous malaria in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region was over 1/10 000. Meanwhile, there were 3 248（98.8%, 3 248/3 288） abroad-imported cases which widely distributed in the 31 P/M/As. In addition, 3 265（99.3%, 3 265/3 288） of the reported cases were confirmed in reference laboratories, comprising 878 cases of Plasmodium vivax（26.9%, 878/3 265） 1 992 cases of P. falciparum（61.0%, 1 992/3 265）, 76 cases of P. malariae（2.3%, 76/3 265）, 272 cases of P. ovale（8.3%, 272/3 265） and 47 cases of mixed infection（1.4%, 47/3 265）. Furthermore, 163 cases（5.0%, 163/3 288） with severe clinical symptoms were reported in 14 P/M/As, with 20 deaths（0.6%, 20/3 288） in 10 P/M/As. Totally 3 116 malaria cases were reported through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, including 39 indigenous cases. These data reflect achievements in malaria elimination, despite that challenges remain in boarder areas of Yunnan Province and in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Efforts are still needed in risk assesment for malaria re-transmission.

Objective: To explore the effective screening radii of active case detection of the 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy, and investigate the malaria parasite rate of carriers in China-Myanmar border., Methods: Three villages with indigenous malaria cases in Yingjiang County of Yunan Province were selected as study sites. The persons lived around the indigenous cases (index case) within the radius of 100 m, 300 m, 500 m, and 1 km were screened by microscopy and nested PCR. Parasite rate of asymptomatic carriers at different radii were calculated., Results: Among 278 blood samples, the parasite rate of asymptomatic carriers was 1.1% (3/278) and 2.2% (6/278) using microscopy and nested PCR, respectively. Based on the results of nested PCR, all the asymptomatic carriers could be detected within a 300 m radius around the index case, and with the highest proportion (66.7%) in the radius of 101-300 m., Conclusion: The asymptomatic carriers of malaria parasites in the China-Myanmar border area can be effectively detected within a 300 m screening radius of index case by using nested PCR.

Objective: To identify the risk area in China during the malaria elimination process, and provide the evidence for promotion of the national malaria elimination programme and implementation of elimination strategy., Methods: Data collection was conducted in 24 endemic provinces in 2010, including data of transmission capacity, potential risk of malaria transmission and the capacity of health professional team at county level. Quantitative assessment of the malaria transmission risk as well as the capacity of health facilities were conducted based on the calculation of malaria transmission risk index (MTI) and health facilities capacity index (CI). ArcGIS 10.0 was used to develop the risk map based on the outcome of quantitative assessment., Results: The data of transmission capacity, potential risk of transmission and the capacity of health professional team were collected from 2147 counties in 24 provinces. Based on MTI and CI calculated for each county, statistic results showed that about 40% of the counties were under the average level of both MTI and CI. The relationship among potential risk of transmission, the capacity of health professional team and malaria incidence were analyzed in three dimensions, and four types were categorized among 2147 counties. Type I (super-high risk area) counties (20) distributed in Yunnan (9), Guangxi (5), Henan (1), Hunan (1), Hebei (1), Sichuan (1), Chongqing (1), and Tibet (1). 17 counties were classified into type II (high risk area) area, distributed in Yunnan (3), Guangxi (2), Guizhou (2), Shaanxi (2), Guangdong (1), Jiangxi (1), Hubei (1), Sichuan (1), Gansu (1), Hebei (1), Fujian (1) and Tibet (1). A total of 170 type III (moderate risk area) counties distributed in 19 provinces including Yunnan (15), Guizhou (14), Hebei (14), Sichuan (13), Shanxi (10), Guangxi (9), Hunan (9), Anhui (9), Jiangsu (9), Shaanxi (9), Shandong (9), Chongqing (8), Gansu (8), Jiangxi (7), Henan (7), Fujian (6), Guangdong (5), Hubei (5), and Zhejiang (4). 1940 type IV (low risk area) counties distributed in 24 provinces., Conclusion: The distribution of four types of risk area for malaria elimination is identified in China.

More attention has increasingly been given to asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium parasites as a source of infection in malaria elimination settings. However, asymptomatic infections can hardly be detected by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) because of no symptoms and low parasitemia. This review summarizes the evolution of methods or tests which are currently used in the field.

Objective: To determine the key interventions transferring from the control to elimination of malaria in China so as to provide the basic information for achieving malaria elimination., Methods: Based on the data collected from the document entitled of The National Annual Report on Schistosomiasis, Malaria and Echinococcosis, published by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the malaria incidence and intervention data were selected only in the typical endemic provinces during the period of 2004-2010. The correlation between the incidence and interventions in the target provinces was analyzed based on the Panel Data Regression Model, and the key interventions were determined., Results: Four provinces namely Anhui, Yunnan, Hainan and Henan were targeted with 87.56% of the national malaria figures from 2004 to 2010. When Y was given as vivax malaria incidence, X1 as the log of the number of historical cases receiving radical treatment in the pre-transmission stage (RTPT) (F = 14.53, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.72), X2 as the log of risk population receiving RTPR (F = 15.90, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.71) and X3 as the number of technicians trained in microscopy (F = 11.53, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.61), three space-fixed effect models were established respectively, and X1, X2, as well as X3 had negative effects on Y value. When Y was given as falciparum malaria incidence, X1 as the accumulated technicians trained in microscopy (F = 11.06, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.87), X2 as the log of technicians trained in entomology (F = 15.28, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.89) , two two-way (space and time) fixed effect models were established respectively, and both X1 and X2 had negative effects on Y value., Conclusion: RTPT among historical patients and at-risk populations as well as microscopy training influences the variation of vivax malaria incidence, while the significant interventions of microscopy training and vector control training indicate that the integrated measures with strengthened capacity in diagnosis and vector control are of importance in the control of falciparum malaria transmission.

Objective: To analyze the result of the national technique competition for diagnosis of parasitic diseases in 2012, so as to understand the capability of detection on Plasmodium parasites among professionals from institutes for disease control and prevention at different levels., Methods: Four professionals from institution were selected as contestants (age < or = 45 and at least two contestants from county-level institution). The content of the competition included making thick and thin blood slides of Plasmodium (3 slides in 30 min, 10 scores as full marks and 6 as passing score) and identification of species and number with microscopy (5 slides, 8 min per slide, 30 scores as full marks and 18 as passing score). All contestants were grouped by gender, age, professional title, level of institution, classification according to malaria endemicity, geographical location and economic development of the province. Their scores were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software., Results: The average score of blood smear making test in 120 contestants from 30 provinces was 8.7, the highest was 10 and the lowest was 5.8, 118 (98.3%) contestants passed the test. The average score of blood smear reading was 16.0, the highest was 29 and the lowest was 0, 52 (43.3%) contestants passed the test. There were no significant differences for the scores among genders, ages (< or = 30, 31-40, > 40), professional titles (junior, intermediate and senior), institution levels (provincial, municipal or county level) (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference among provinces with different malaria endemicity, geographical location and development status (P < 0.05). For the blood slide-making and film-reading, scores of contestants from malaria endemic provinces including Class I (9.29 +/- 0.41, 18.17 +/- 6.42), Class II (8.92 +/- 0.79, 18.31 +/- 6.94) and Class III (8.61 +/- 0.89, 15.63 +/- 7.52) were higher than those from non-endemic provinces (7.95 +/- 1.00, 10.19 +/- 7.01) (P < 0.01). Scores of contestants from southern provinces (9.16 +/- 0.61, 18.82 +/- 6.78) were significantly higher than that from northern ones (8.30 +/- 0.99, 13.23 +/- 7.45) (P < 0.01). The film-reading scores were significantly higher in those from eastern provinces (18.20 +/- 6.88) than those from western (13.39 +/- 7.60) (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in blood slide-making (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The capability of malaria parasite detection is imbalanced.

Objective: To analyze the results of the National Technique Competition for Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases in 2011, so as to understand the capability of detection on Plasmodium among professionals from institutes for disease control and prevention at different levels., Methods: All the contestants were grouped by the gender, age, professional title, level of institution, epidemic degree of malaria of provinces, coverage status of the project of the global fund to fight malaria, and geographical location of the provinces, and their scores were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software., Results: There were no significantly differences among the scores grouped by the different genders, ages, professional titles, and levels of institution (all P > 0.05). However, there were significantly differences among the scores grouped by the different epidemic degrees of malaria of the province, coverage statuses of the project of the global fund to fight malaria, and geographical locations of the province (all P < 0.05). For the contestants who came from the provinces with malaria epidemic counties of Class I and Class II types, provinces covered by the project of the global fund to fight malaria, and provinces located in the south, their scores of blood slides making and films reading under a microscope were significantly higher than those of the contestants from the provinces without epidemic counties of Class I and II types, not covered by the project of the global fund, and provinces located in the north, respectively., Conclusions: The overall level of the capabilities of detection on Plasmodium is imbalanced, and the capability of films reading under a microscope is especially low. It is urgent to promote the personnel training and strengthen the capability of pathogenic detection of parasitic diseases.

Objectives: To study the major ecologic factors influencing the re-emergence of malaria in the areas along the Yellow River and Huai River by analyzing the relationship between the malaria incidence and the land use and cover change (LUCC)., Methods: The data of annual parasite incidence (API) and LUCC in the counties of Huaiyuan, Yongcheng and Tong ai in 1990-2006 were collected retrospectively. Considering the hysteresis effect of LUCC played on malaria transmission, analysis of LUCC in these counties were conducted based on the data of 1990-1995 and 1996-2000, while the API data in 1996-2000 and 2001-2005 were used to analyze the trends and changes of malaria incidence. The correlation and trend analyses were conducted between LUCC and malaria incidence change in the periods., Results: The LUCC in 1990-1995 in Tongbai County was significant, being 3 265.79% in the farmland and -90.42% in paddy field. The increase of malaria incidence in Tongbai was also significant in 1996-2000, the change rate was 2 799.70%, showing a positive correlation. The LUCC of other 2 counties in 1990-1995 was -0.27% and -0.78%, respectively, while the rate of malaria incidence change in 1996-2000 was 206.25% and 0.00%. The LUCC of the 2 counties in 1996-2000 was -0.08% and -0.50%, while the rate of malaria incidence change in 2001-2005 was 153.22% and 2 500.00%, respectively. It indicated that there was no significant relationship between malaria re-emergence and LUCC in Huaiyuan and Yongcheng Counties., Conclusion: It seems that the LUCC shows no significant impact on malaria re-emergence in areas along the Yellow River and Huai River since 2001, though there was a positive correlation between the two in Tonghai County in the late 1990s.

Malaria transmission is highly related to the natural factors such as temperature, rainfall and topography. Recently, the GIS/RS/GPS techniques were developed based on computer science and spatial analysis technology, which were widely used in data collection and analysis, establishment of mathematics model. This paper reviews the applications and development of GIS/RS/GPS techniques in the studies of relationship between natural factors and malaria transmission.