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1. Position reconstruction and surface background model for the PandaX-4T detector

Author

Qian, Zhicheng, Gu, Linhui, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the position reconstruction methods and surface background model for the PandaX-4T dark matter direct search experiment. This work develops two position reconstruction algorithms: template matching (TM) method and photon acceptance function (PAF) method. Both methods determine the horizontal position of events based on the light pattern of secondary scintillation collected by the light sensors. After a comprehensive evaluation of resolution, uniformity, and robustness, the PAF method was selected for position reconstruction, while the TM method was employed for verification. The PAF method achieves a bulk event resolution of 1.0 mm and a surface event resolution of 4.4 mm for a typical $S2$ signal with a bottom charge of 1500 PE (about 14 keV). The uniformity is around 20\%. Robustness studies reveal average deviations of 5.1 mm and 8.8 mm for the commissioning run (Run0) and the first science run (Run1), respectively, due to the deactivation of certain PMTs. A data-driven surface background model is developed based on the PAF method. The surface background is estimated to be $0.09 \pm 0.06$ events for Run0 (0.54 tonne$\cdot$year) and $0.17 \pm 0.11$ events for Run1 (1.00 tonne$\cdot$year)., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables

Published
2025

2. Search for Double Beta Decay of $^{136}$Xe to the $0^+_1$ Excited State of $^{136}$Ba with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Luo, Lingyin, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fang, Yingji, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Tao, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We perform a search of double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the excited state, $0^+_1$, of $^{136}$Ba (2$\nu \beta \beta$-0$_1^+$), using the dual-phase xenon detector of PandaX-4T with the first 94.9-day commissioning data. The multi-site events are reconstructed up to the MeV energy scale, which helps to improve the background model significantly. The background contribution from the stainless steel platform outside PandaX-4T cryostat is evaluated for the first time. No significant evidence for 2$\nu \beta \beta$-0$_1^+$ is observed, resulting in a lower limit of $T_{1/2}^{2 \nu \beta \beta-0_1^+} > 7.5 \times 10^{22}$ yr at the 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit on such a rare decay in a natural xenon-based detector.

Published
2025

3. Search for Solar Boosted Dark Matter Particles at the PandaX-4T Experiment

Author

Shen, Guofang, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, Zhou, Zhizhen, An, Haipeng, and Nie, Haoming

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a novel constraint on light dark matter utilizing $1.54$ tonne$\cdot$year of data acquired from the PandaX-4T dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. This constraint is derived through detecting electronic recoil signals resulting from the interaction with solar-enhanced dark matter flux. Low-mass dark matter particles, lighter than a few MeV/$c^2$, can scatter with the thermal electrons in the Sun. Consequently, with higher kinetic energy, the boosted dark matter component becomes detectable via contact scattering with xenon electrons, resulting in a few keV energy deposition that exceeds the threshold of PandaX-4T. We calculate the expected recoil energy in PandaX-4T considering the Sun's acceleration and the detection capabilities of the xenon detector. The first experimental search results using the xenon detector yield the most stringent cross-section of $3.51 \times 10^{-39}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ at $0.08~\mathrm{MeV}$/$c^2$ for a solar boosted dark matter mass ranging from $0.02$ to $10~ \mathrm{MeV}$/$c^2$, achieving a 23 fold improvement compared with earlier experimental studies.

Published
2024

4. Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of $^{136}$Xe with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Zhang, Shu, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe from the PandaX-4T experiment with a 3.7-tonne natural xenon target. The data reconstruction and the background modeling are optimized in the MeV energy region. A blind analysis is performed with data from the commissioning run and the first science run. No significant excess of signal over the background is observed. A lower limit on the half-life of $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double-beta decay is established to be $2.1 \times 10^{24}$~yr at the 90\% confidence level, with a $^{136}$Xe exposure of 44.6~kg$\cdot$year. Our result represents the most stringent constraint from a natural xenon detector to date., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

5. Measurement of two-neutrino double electron capture half-life of $^{124}$Xe with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Detailed studies of two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$DEC) is a crucial step towards searching for the neutrino-less mode to explore the Majorana nature of neutrinos. We have measured precisely the half-life of the 2$\nu$DEC process in $^{124}$Xe, utilizing a total exposure of 1.73 tonne$\cdot$year from the commissioning run and the first science run of the PandaX-4T experiment. A time-dependent background model in the $\mathcal{O}$(10 keV) energy is constructed for the first time in PandaX-4T data. With an unbinned maximum likelihood fit, we determine the half-life of the 2$\nu$DEC process to be $(1.03\pm0.15_{\rm stat}\pm0.08_{\rm sys})\times 10^{22}$$\,$yr. Furthermore, we have evaluated the branching ratio for both electrons captured from the $K$ shell ($KK$) to be $(65\pm5)\%$, which aligns with the $^{124}$Xe nuclear model calculations within 1.5$\,$$\sigma$., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables

Published
2024

6. Searching for MeV-scale Axion-like Particles and Dark Photons with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Li, Tao, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, He, Ke HanChangda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photons (DPs) are viable dark matter particle candidates. We have searched for possible ALP/DP signals in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector using 94.8 days of data. A binned likelihood fit is constructed to search for possible mono-energetic peaks induced by the absorption processes between ALPs/DPs and atomic electrons of xenon. A detailed temporal model of decays associated with xenon isotopes is introduced to constrain the number of background events. No signal excess over background expectations is observed, and we have established the most stringent exclusion limits for most ALP/DP masses ranging from 150 keV/$c^2$ to 1 MeV/$c^2$.

Published
2024

7. Exploring New Physics with PandaX-4T Low Energy Electronic Recoil Data

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Zeng, Xinning, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, He, Ke HanChangda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

New particles beyond the standard model of particle physics, such as axions, can be effectively searched through their interactions with electrons. We use the large liquid xenon detector PandaX-4T to search for novel electronic recoil signals induced by solar axions, neutrinos with anomalous magnetic moment, axionlike particles, dark photons, and light fermionic dark matter. A detailed background model is established using the latest datasets with 1.54 $\rm ton \cdot yr$ exposure. No significant excess above the background has been observed, and we have obtained competitive constraints for axion couplings, neutrino magnetic moment, and fermionic dark matter interactions., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024
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8. Dark Matter Search Results from 1.54 Tonne$\cdot$Year Exposure of PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this letter, we report the dark matter search results from the commissioning run and the first science run of the PandaX-4T experiment. A blind analysis is carried out on the entire data set. The data processing is improved compared to previous work, unifying the low-level signal reconstruction in a wide energy range up to 120 keV. With a total exposure of 1.54 tonne$\cdot$year, no significant excess of nuclear recoil events is found. The lowest 90% confidence level exclusion on the spin-independent cross section is $1.6 \times 10^{-47}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ at a dark matter mass of 40 GeV$/c^2$. Our results represent the most stringent constraint for a dark matter mass above 100 GeV$/c^2$., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures (appendix included)

Published
2024
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9. First Indication of Solar $^8$B Neutrino Flux through Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory is used to measure the solar $^8$B neutrino flux by detecting neutrinos through coherent scattering with xenon nuclei. Data samples requiring the coincidence of scintillation and ionization signals (paired), as well as unpaired ionization-only signals (US2), are selected with energy threshold of approximately 1.1 keV (0.33 keV) nuclear recoil energy. Combining the commissioning run and the first science run of PandaX-4T, a total exposure of 1.20 and 1.04 tonne$\cdot$year are collected for the paired and US2, respectively. After unblinding, 3 and 332 events are observed with an expectation of 2.8$\pm$0.5 and 251$\pm$32 background events, for the paired and US2 data, respectively. A combined analysis yields a best-fit $^8$B neutrino signal of 3.5 (75) events from the paired (US2) data sample, with $\sim$37\% uncertainty, and the background-only hypothesis is disfavored at 2.64$\sigma$ significance. This gives a solar $^8$B neutrino flux of ($8.4\pm3.1$)$\times$10$^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, consistent with the standard solar model prediction. It is also the first indication of solar $^8$B neutrino ``fog'' in a dark matter direct detection experiment., Comment: Accepted by Physical Review Letters

Published
2024

10. Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-MeV Dark-Matter-Electron Scattering in PandaX-4T

Author

Shang, Xiaofeng, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Zhou, Zhizhen, Ge, Shao-Feng, and Xia, Chen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report the first search for the elastic scatterings between cosmic-ray boosted sub-MeV dark matter and electrons in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. Sub-MeV dark matter particles can be accelerated by scattering with electrons in the cosmic rays and produce detectable electron recoil signals in the detector. Using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T of 0.63~tonne$\cdot$year exposure, we set new constraints on DM-electron scattering cross sections for DM masses ranging from 10~eV/$c^2$ to 3~keV/$c^2$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024
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11. Detecting Neutrinos from Supernova Bursts in PandaX-4T

Author

Pang, Binyu, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae are essential for the understanding of neutrino physics and stellar evolution. The dual-phase xenon dark matter detectors can provide a way to track explosions of galactic supernovae by detecting neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterings. In this study, a variation of progenitor masses as well as explosion models are assumed to predict the neutrino fluxes and spectra, which result in the number of expected neutrino events ranging from 6.6 to 13.7 at a distance of 10 kpc over a 10-second duration with negligible backgrounds at PandaX-4T. Two specialized triggering alarms for monitoring supernova burst neutrinos are built. The efficiency of detecting supernova explosions at various distances in the Milky Way is estimated. These alarms will be implemented in the real-time supernova monitoring system at PandaX-4T in the near future, providing the astronomical communities with supernova early warnings., Comment: 9 pages,6 figures

Published
2024

12. Signal Response Model in PandaX-4T

Author

Luo, Yunyang, Bo, Zihao, Zhang, Shibo, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

PandaX-4T experiment is a deep-underground dark matter direct search experiment that employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive volume containing 3.7 tonne of liquid xenon. The detector of PandaX-4T is capable of simultaneously collecting the primary scintillation and ionization signals, utilizing their ratio to discriminate dark matter signals from background sources such as gamma rays and beta particles. The signal response model plays a crucial role in interpreting the data obtained by PandaX-4T. It describes the conversion from the deposited energy by dark matter interactions to the detectable signals within the detector. The signal response model is utilized in various PandaX-4T results. This work provides a comprehensive description of the procedures involved in constructing and parameter-fitting the signal response model for the energy range of approximately 1 keV to 25 keV for electronic recoils and 6 keV to 90 keV for nuclear recoils. It also covers the signal reconstruction, selection, and correction methods, which are crucial components integrated into the signal response model.

Published
2024
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13. PandaX-xT: a Multi-ten-tonne Liquid Xenon Observatory at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zhichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The new experiment, PandaX-xT, will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon, ultra-low background, and general-purpose observatory. The full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-tonne liquid xenon active target. Such an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and astrophysics. The sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits, approaching the so-called "neutrino floor" for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/$c^2$, providing a decisive test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle paradigm. By searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe isotope in the detector, the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a [10 -- 41] meV/$c^2$ sensitivity, providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of neutrino s. Astrophysical neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level, opening up new windows of discovery. Depending on the findings, PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation on natural xenon., Comment: version as published on SCPMA

Published
2024
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14. Measurement of Solar $pp$ Neutrino Flux using Electron Recoil Data from PandaX-4T Commissioning Run

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Lu, Xiaoying, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The proton-proton ($pp$) fusion chain dominates the neutrino production from the Sun. The uncertainty of the predicted $pp$ neutrino flux is at the sub-percent level, whereas that of the best measurement is $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$. In this paper, we present the first result to measure the solar $pp$ neutrinos in the electron recoil energy range from 24 to 144 keV, using the PandaX-4T commissioning data with 0.63 tonne$\times$year exposure. The $pp$ neutrino flux is determined to be $(8.0 \pm 3.9 \,{\rm{(stat)}} \pm 10.0 \,{\rm{(syst)}} )\times 10^{10}\, $$\rm{s}^{-1} \rm{cm}^{-2}$, consistent with Standard Solar Model and existing measurements, corresponding to a flux upper limit of $23.3\times 10^{10}\, $$\rm{s}^{-1} \rm{cm}^{-2}$ at 90\% C.L.., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

15. TPatch: A Triggered Physical Adversarial Patch

Author

Zhu, Wenjun, Ji, Xiaoyu, Cheng, Yushi, Zhang, Shibo, and Xu, Wenyuan

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Autonomous vehicles increasingly utilize the vision-based perception module to acquire information about driving environments and detect obstacles. Correct detection and classification are important to ensure safe driving decisions. Existing works have demonstrated the feasibility of fooling the perception models such as object detectors and image classifiers with printed adversarial patches. However, most of them are indiscriminately offensive to every passing autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we propose TPatch, a physical adversarial patch triggered by acoustic signals. Unlike other adversarial patches, TPatch remains benign under normal circumstances but can be triggered to launch a hiding, creating or altering attack by a designed distortion introduced by signal injection attacks towards cameras. To avoid the suspicion of human drivers and make the attack practical and robust in the real world, we propose a content-based camouflage method and an attack robustness enhancement method to strengthen it. Evaluations with three object detectors, YOLO V3/V5 and Faster R-CNN, and eight image classifiers demonstrate the effectiveness of TPatch in both the simulation and the real world. We also discuss possible defenses at the sensor, algorithm, and system levels., Comment: Appeared in 32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23)

Published
2023

16. Searching for Two-Neutrino and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of $^{134}$Xe with the PandaX-4T Experiment

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Yan, Xiyu, Cheng, Zhaokan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

$^{134}$Xe is a candidate isotope for neutrinoless double beta decay~($0\nu\beta\beta$) search. In addition, the two-neutrino case ($2\nu\beta\beta$) allowed by the Standard Model of particle physics has not yet been observed. Utilizing the 10.4% of $^{134}$Xe in the natural xenon in the PandaX-4T detector and its first 94.9-day exposure, we have established the most stringent constraints on $2\nu\beta\beta$ and $0\nu\beta\beta$ of $^{134}$Xe half-lives, with limits of $2.8\times10^{22}$ yr and $3.0\times10^{23}$ yr at 90% confidence level, respectively. The $2\nu\beta\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) limit surpasses the previously reported best result by a factor of 32 (2.7), highlighting the potential of large monolithic natural xenon detectors.

Published
2023
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17. Waveform Simulation in PandaX-4T

Author

Li, Jiafu, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Signal reconstruction through software processing is a crucial component of the background and signal models in the PandaX-4T experiment, which is a multi-tonne dark matter direct search experiment. The accuracy of signal reconstruction is influenced by various detector artifacts, including noise, dark count of photomultiplier, impurity photoionization in the detector, and other relevant considerations. In this study, we present a detailed description of a semi-data-driven approach designed to simulate the signal waveform. This work provides a reliable model for the efficiency and bias of the signal reconstruction in the data analysis of PandaX-4T. By comparing critical variables which relate to the temporal shape and hit pattern of the signals, we demonstrate a good agreement between the simulation and data.

Published
2023
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19. Search for Dark-Matter-Nucleon Interactions with a Dark Mediator in PandaX-4T

Author

Huang, Di, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Huo, Ran, and Yu, Hai-Bo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report results of a search for dark-matter-nucleon interactions via a dark mediator using optimized low-energy data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. With the ionization-signal-only data and utilizing the Migdal effect, we set the most stringent limits on the cross section for dark matter masses ranging from 30~$\rm{MeV/c^2}$ to 2~$\rm{GeV/c^2}$. Under the assumption that the dark mediator is a dark photon that decays into scalar dark matter pairs in the early Universe, we rule out significant parameter space of such thermal relic dark-matter model., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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22. Cost Sensitive GNN-based Imbalanced Learning for Mobile Social Network Fraud Detection

Author

Hu, Xinxin, Chen, Haotian, Chen, Hongchang, Liu, Shuxin, Li, Xing, Zhang, Shibo, Wang, Yahui, and Xue, Xiangyang

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

With the rapid development of mobile networks, the people's social contacts have been considerably facilitated. However, the rise of mobile social network fraud upon those networks, has caused a great deal of distress, in case of depleting personal and social wealth, then potentially doing significant economic harm. To detect fraudulent users, call detail record (CDR) data, which portrays the social behavior of users in mobile networks, has been widely utilized. But the imbalance problem in the aforementioned data, which could severely hinder the effectiveness of fraud detectors based on graph neural networks(GNN), has hardly been addressed in previous work. In this paper, we are going to present a novel Cost-Sensitive Graph Neural Network (CSGNN) by creatively combining cost-sensitive learning and graph neural networks. We conduct extensive experiments on two open-source realworld mobile network fraud datasets. The results show that CSGNN can effectively solve the graph imbalance problem and then achieve better detection performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms. We believe that our research can be applied to solve the graph imbalance problems in other fields. The CSGNN code and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/xxhu94/CSGNN.

Published
2023

23. Search for light dark matter from atmosphere in PandaX-4T

Author

Ning, Xuyang, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Su, Liangliang, and Wu, Lei

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report a search for light dark matter produced through the cascading decay of $\eta$ mesons, which are created as a result of inelastic collisions between cosmic rays and Earth's atmosphere. We introduce a new and general framework, publicly accessible, designed to address boosted dark matter specifically, with which a full and dedicated simulation including both elastic and quasi-elastic processes of Earth attenuation effect on the dark matter particles arriving at the detector is performed. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year exposure, no significant excess over background is observed. The first constraints on the interaction between light dark matter generated in the atmosphere and nucleus through a light scalar mediator are obtained. The lowest excluded cross-section is set at $5.9 \times 10^{-37}{\rm cm^2}$ for dark matter mass of $0.1$ MeV$/c^2$ and mediator mass of 300 MeV$/c^2$. The lowest upper limit of $\eta$ to dark matter decay branching ratio is $1.6 \times 10^{-7}$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023
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27. Constraints on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar mediated WIMP-nucleus interactions from PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Huang, Zhou, Han, Chencheng, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present the constraints on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar mediated WIMP-nucleus interactions from the PandaX-4T experiment, using the data set corresponding to a total exposure of 0.63~tonne$\cdot$year. No significant signal excess is observed, and the most stringent upper limits to date on the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron scattering cross section are set at 90\% confidence level with the minimum WIMP-neutron scattering cross section of 5.8$\times 10^{-42}$\si{\cm^{2}} for WIMP mass of 40~\si{\GeV/}$c^2$. Exclusion limits on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar simplified models are also derived.

Published
2022
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28. A First Search for Solar $^8$B Neutrino in the PandaX-4T Experiment using Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Scattering

Author

Ma, Wenbo, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A search for interactions from solar $^8$B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei using PandaX-4T commissioning data is reported. The energy threshold of this search is further lowered compared with the previous search for dark matter, with various techniques utilized to suppress the background that emerges from data with the lowered threshold. A blind analysis is performed on the data with an effective exposure of 0.48 tonne$\cdot$year, and no significant excess of events is observed. Among results obtained using the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, our results give the best constraint on the solar $^8$B neutrino flux. We further provide a more stringent limit on the cross section between dark matter and nucleon in the mass range from 3 to 9 GeV/c$^2$., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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30. A Search for Light Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption on Electrons in PandaX-4T

Author

Zhang, Dan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Ge, Shao-Feng, He, Xiao-Gang, Ma, Xiao-Dong, and Sheng, Jie

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report a search on a sub-MeV fermionic dark matter absorbed by electrons with an outgoing active neutrino using the 0.63 tonne-year exposure collected by PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. No significant signals are observed over the expected background. The data are interpreted into limits to the effective couplings between such dark matter and electrons. For axial-vector or vector interactions, our sensitivity is competitive in comparison to existing astrophysical bounds on the decay of such dark matter into photon final states. In particular, we present the first direct detection limits for an axial-vector (vector) interaction which are the strongest in the mass range from 25 to 45 (35 to 50) keV/c$^2$.

Published
2022
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31. First search for the absorption of fermionic dark matter with the PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Gu, Linhui, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Compared with the signature of dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei, the absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclei opens up a new searching channel for light dark matter with a characteristic monoenergetic signal. In this Letter, we explore the $95.0$-day data from the PandaX-4T commissioning run and report the first dedicated searching results of the fermionic dark matter absorption signal through a neutral current process. No significant signal was found, and the lowest limit on the dark matter-nucleon interaction cross section is set to be $1.5\times10^{-50}$ cm$^2$ for a fermionic dark matter mass of $40$ MeV/$c^2$ with 90\% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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32. Measurement of Double Beta Decay Half-life of $^{136}$Xe with the PandaX-4T Detector

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Si, Lin, Cheng, Zhaokan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Precise measurement of two-neutrino double beta decay (DBD) half-life is an important step for the searches of Majorana neutrinos with neutrinoless double beta decay. We report the measurement of DBD half-life of $^{136}$Xe using the PandaX-4T dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with 3.7-tonne natural xenon and the first 94.9-day physics data release. The background model in the fiducial volume is well constrained in situ by events in the outer active region. With a $^{136}$Xe exposure of 15.5 kg-year, we establish the half-life as $2.27 \pm 0.03 (stat.)\pm 0.10 (syst.)\times 10^{21}$ years. This is the first DBD half-life measurement with natural xenon and demonstrates the physics capability of a large-scale liquid xenon TPC in the field of rare event searches., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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40. CoughTrigger: Earbuds IMU Based Cough Detection Activator Using An Energy-efficient Sensitivity-prioritized Time Series Classifier

Author

Zhang, Shibo, Nemati, Ebrahim, Dinh, Minh, Folkman, Nathan, Ahmed, Tousif, Rahman, Mahbubur, Kuang, Jilong, Alshurafa, Nabil, and Gao, Alex

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Persistent coughs are a major symptom of respiratory-related diseases. Increasing research attention has been paid to detecting coughs using wearables, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among all types of sensors utilized, microphone is most widely used to detect coughs. However, the intense power consumption needed to process audio signals hinders continuous audio-based cough detection on battery-limited commercial wearable products, such as earbuds. We present CoughTrigger, which utilizes a lower-power sensor, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), in earbuds as a cough detection activator to trigger a higher-power sensor for audio processing and classification. It is able to run all-the-time as a standby service with minimal battery consumption and trigger the audio-based cough detection when a candidate cough is detected from IMU. Besides, the use of IMU brings the benefit of improved specificity of cough detection. Experiments are conducted on 45 subjects and our IMU-based model achieved 0.77 AUC score under leave one subject out evaluation. We also validated its effectiveness on free-living data and through on-device implementation.

Published
2021

41. Deep Learning in Human Activity Recognition with Wearable Sensors: A Review on Advances

Author

Zhang, Shibo, Li, Yaxuan, Zhang, Shen, Shahabi, Farzad, Xia, Stephen, Deng, Yu, and Alshurafa, Nabil

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Mobile and wearable devices have enabled numerous applications, including activity tracking, wellness monitoring, and human--computer interaction, that measure and improve our daily lives. Many of these applications are made possible by leveraging the rich collection of low-power sensors found in many mobile and wearable devices to perform human activity recognition (HAR). Recently, deep learning has greatly pushed the boundaries of HAR on mobile and wearable devices. This paper systematically categorizes and summarizes existing work that introduces deep learning methods for wearables-based HAR and provides a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements, developing trends, and major challenges. We also present cutting-edge frontiers and future directions for deep learning-based HAR.

Published
2021

45. A Novel Multi-Centroid Template Matching Algorithm and Its Application to Cough Detection

Author

Zhang, Shibo, Nemati, Ebrahim, Ahmed, Tousif, Rahman, Md Mahbubur, Kuang, Jilong, and Gao, Alex

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, I.5.4, I.5.1
Abstract

Cough is a major symptom of respiratory-related diseases. There exists a tremendous amount of work in detecting coughs from audio but there has been no effort to identify coughs from solely inertial measurement unit (IMU). Coughing causes motion across the whole body and especially on the neck and head. Therefore, head motion data during coughing captured by a head-worn IMU sensor could be leveraged to detect coughs using a template matching algorithm. In time series template matching problems, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) combined with elastic distance measurement (esp. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)) achieves outstanding performance. However, it is often regarded as prohibitively time-consuming. Nearest Centroid Classifier is thereafter proposed. But the accuracy is comprised of only one centroid obtained for each class. Centroid-based Classifier performs clustering and averaging for each cluster, but requires manually setting the number of clusters. We propose a novel self-tuning multi-centroid template-matching algorithm, which can automatically adjust the number of clusters to balance accuracy and inference time. Through experiments conducted on synthetic datasets and a real-world earbud-based cough dataset, we demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm and present the result of cough detection with a single accelerometer sensor on the earbuds platform.

Published
2021

48. Towards Better Driver Safety: Empowering Personal Navigation Technologies with Road Safety Awareness

Author

Xu, Runsheng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhao, Yue, Xiong, Peixi, Lin, Allen Yilun, Hecht, Brent, and Ma, Jiaqi

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Recent research has found that navigation systems usually assume that all roads are equally safe, directing drivers to dangerous routes, which led to catastrophic consequences. To address this problem, this paper aims to begin the process of adding road safety awareness to navigation systems. To do so, we first created a definition for road safety that navigation systems can easily understand by adapting well-established safety standards from transportation studies. Based on this road safety definition, we then developed a machine learning-based road safety classifier that predicts the safety level for road segments using a diverse feature set constructed only from large-scale publicly available geographic data. Evaluations in four different countries show that our road safety classifier achieves satisfactory performance. Finally, we discuss the factors to consider when extending our road safety classifier to other regions and potential new safety designs enabled by our road safety predictions., Comment: Submitted to Autonomous Intelligent System Journal

Published
2020

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