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A multi-target regression with two-directional stacking is proposed and applied to spectral reflectance reconstruction. Most of the previous studies for this problem have focused on proposing or improving the prediction model between RGB response space and spectral reflectance space, without considering the correlation between the components of the spectral reflectance vector. In this paper, we use the multi-target stacking regression for spectral reflectance reconstruction, the aim is to exploit the correlation between the output components. Furthermore, in order to overcome the overfitting or underfitting of traditional stacking regression method, we propose a novel two-directional stacking regression method. This paper also demonstrates that the stacking regression method has no effect with linear models and is only effective with nonlinear models. Experimental results show that the multi-target stacking regression is better than the no-stacking regression, and the multi-target regression with two-directional stacking is better than using the traditional one-directional stacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional hybrid lead halides have emerged as new-generation optoelectronic materials due to their compelling photoluminescence properties, and it is significant to explore new type of hybrid halides to diversify the photophysical performances. Herein, by using different kinds of organic cations as structural decoration strategies, we designed two new lead bromides, namely [MeBAPIm]2Pb3Br12 (1) ([MeBAPIm] = 2-methyl-1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) imidazolidine) and [PMDPTA]2Pb3Br12 (2) (PMDPTA = pentamethyldipropene triamine), via a facile solvothermal reaction. Both the structures of these hybrids contain the same linear [Pb3Br12]6− trimers based on face-shared [PbBr6] octahedrons. Upon UV light excitation, compound 1 displays broadband yellow light emission covering the entire visible spectra with a promising photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of 4.57%. The broadband light emission can be ascribed to the self-trapped excitons based on systematical characterizations including steady-state, temperature-dependent and time-resolved emission spectra. The white light emitting device can also be easily fabricated by coating the sample of compound 1 on a blue light chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It remains significant to explore new types of hybrid lead halides to realize the diversifications of structural and luminescence properties due to the excellent optoelectronic performances of perovskites. Herein, by choosing various organic molecules as cationic templates, we constructed a series of new one-dimensional (1D) lead halide perovskites, namely, [DMEDA]Pb2Br6·H2O (1), [ATMPD]Pb2Br6·H2O (2) and [TMPrDA]2Pb3X10 (3: X = Br; 4: X = Cl). The crystal structures of compounds 1–4 contain 1D [Pb2Br6]2− and [Pb3X10]4− chains based on [Pb4X16] tetramer clusters as basic building units, respectively. Remarkably, compound 2 displays broadband yellow light emissions spanning the entire visible spectral range and centered at 534 nm, which can be ascribed to self-trapped excitons based on systematic characterization including time-resolved PL emission and theoretical studies. This work provides a series of new low-dimensional hybrid lead halides as prototypes to enrich the halide chemistry including crystal engineering and optoelectronic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of 1D purely corner-shared perovskites was prepared by the different structural directing effect of organic cations. • These 1D perovskites feature three different kinds of linear or zigzag 1D [PbX 5 ]3− chains which belongs to one new type of 1D anionic skeleton. • These 1D perovskites deliver tunable broadband light emission which stemming from the self-trapped excitons based on systematical characterizations. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as a highly promising class of light emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their diverse structures and promising properties. Herein, by choosing various organic molecules as cations, we successfully constructed a series of 1D perovskites of [PMDETA]PbBr 5 , [PMDETA]PbCl 5 , [DMPZ][MA]PbBr 5 , [EEDA][MA]PbCl 5 , [EPZ][MA]PbCl 5 and [EPZ] 3 Pb 2 Br 10. Under the different structural directing effects of organic cations, these 1D perovskites feature three different kinds of linear or zigzag 1D [PbX 5 ]3− chains based on purely corner-shared octahedrons. As expected, these 1D perovskites exhibit tunable broadband light emissions from blue to yellow spectral range stemming from the self-trapped excitons based on systematical characterizations including time-resolved, temperature-dependent PL emissions and theoretical calculations. This work provides crystal structural engineering for low-dimensional perovskites and paves a new way to regulate the luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Spectrum analysis approaches, such as the Fourier transform, wavelet transform and autoregressive model, have been successfully applied to solve the exon prediction problem due to their flexibility that requires no training data or prior knowledge. Detecting short exons is a difficult problem. The results achieved by the traditional methods are often unsatisfactory, because they cannot identify spectral patterns of short exons correctly. In this article, we propose an improved exon prediction method based on empirical mode decomposition and the Fourier transform. The proposed approach numerically represents the DNA sequences by their structural features, which can help to yield significant patterns that are rarely observed with the traditional methods. The structural profile is utilized to detect probable exons by examining the peaks of the local 1/3 frequency spectrum within a sliding window. The data in the window is firstly decomposed by empirical mode decomposition into a collection of intrinsic mode functions. Then the first intrinsic mode function is used to compute the local spectrum by fast Fourier transform. We compare our method with the traditional Fourier transform with binary representation method and the recently proposed paired spectral content method. Experiments on randomly selected Human genome dataset and the GENSCAN benchmark dataset illustrate that our method can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the analyzed sequences and improve the prediction accuracy of short exons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Clustering analysis of temporal gene expression data is widely used to study dynamic biological systems, such as identifying sets of genes that are regulated by the same mechanism. However, most temporal gene expression data often contain noise, missing data points, and non-uniformly sampled time points, which imposes challenges for traditional clustering methods of extracting meaningful information. In this paper, we introduce an improved clustering approach based on the regularized spline regression and an energy based similarity measure. The proposed approach models each gene expression profile as a B-spline expansion, for which the spline coefficients are estimated by regularized least squares scheme on the observed data. To compensate the inadequate information from noisy and short gene expression data, we use its correlated genes as the test set to choose the optimal number of basis and the regularization parameter. We show that this treatment can help to avoid over-fitting. After fitting the continuous representations of gene expression profiles, we use an energy based similarity measure for clustering. The energy based measure can include the temporal information and relative changes of the time series using the first and second derivatives of the time series. We demonstrate that our method is robust to noise and can produce meaningful clustering results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

SrTiO[sub 3] nanocrystals with grain sizes from 26 to 86 nm were prepared by stearic-acid gel method. The microstructures, lattice vibration and luminescence spectra were examined by X-ray diffraction, infrared, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Hydroxyl defects were clearly found by infrared spectroscopy in the SrTiO[sub 3] nanocrystals. Raman measurement results showed that internal stress exists in the SrTiO[sub 3] nanocrystals, which induces first-order Raman scattering processes. Strong visible PL near 2.62 eV was observed under 3.54 eV light excitation in small SrTiO[sub 3] nanocrystals. Grain-size dependence of the PL spectrum is investigated and the origin for the PL is attributed to a charge transfer via intrinsic defects inside an oxygen octahedron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new type of 3D pillared-layer MOF has been synthesized based on single organic linker with high adsorption capabilities for various hydrocarbon gas and promising CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. • One new type of 3D pillared-layer framework was prepared by using single indazole-carboxyl liand. • The organic connects metal trimer into 2D layer and further bridges 2D layer resulting in 3D framework. • The unique framework architecture displays high gas adsorption and promising CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. Herein, by well-designing one bifunctional organic ligand as distinct bridging nodes, one new three-dimensional (3D) pillar-layer MOF, namely as Co 3 (IDCA) 4 (IDCA = 1-H-indazole-5-carboxyle acid), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The 3D Co 3 (IDCA) 4 framework is composed of linear metal trimer and parazole-carboxyl group with one-dimensional (1D) tetragonal channel. Despite of absence of open metal sites as molecule binding positions, this 3D framework displays promising uptake capacity and separation ability for various hydrocarbon gas molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demyelination and failure of remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) characterize a number of neurological disorders. Spontaneous remyelination in demyelinating diseases is limited, as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are often present in demyelinated lesions in abundance, mostly fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the CNS. In addition to OPCs, the lesions are assembled numbers of activated resident microglia/infiltrated macrophages; however, the mechanisms and potential role of interactions between the microglia/macrophages and OPCs are poorly understood. Here, we generated a transcriptional profile of exosomes from activated microglia, and found that miR-615-5p was elevated. miR-615-5p bound to 3′UTR of myelin regulator factor (MYRF), a crucial myelination transcription factor expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Mechanistically, exosomes from activated microglia transferred miR-615-5p to OPCs, which directly bound to MYRF and inhibited OPC maturation. Furthermore, an effect of AAV expressing miR-615-5p sponge in microglia was tested in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model, the classical mouse models of multiple sclerosis. miR-615-5p sponge effectively alleviated disease progression and promoted remyelination. This study identifies miR-615-5p/MYRF as a new target for the therapy of demyelinating diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricate SrRuO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 heterostructures each with an in-plane tensile-strained SrRuO3 layer and investigate the effect of an applied electric field on anomalous Hall effect. The four-fold symmetry of anisotropic magnetoresistance and the nonmonotonic variation of anomalous Hall resistivity are observed. By applying positive electric field or negative electric field, the intersecting hump-like feature is suppressed or enhanced, respectively. The sign and magnitude of the anomalous Hall conductivity can be effectively controlled with an electric field under a high magnetic field. The electric-field-modulated anomalous Hall effect is associated with the magnetization rotation in SrRuO3. The experimental results are helpful in modulating the magnetization rotation in spintronic devices based on SrRuO3 heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the application of nanocarbon in surgical endoscopy in patients with thyroid cancer for the clinical tracing of level VI sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and for parathyroid gland protection. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent an endoscopic thyroid cancer operation were included. We randomly divided these patients into a control group (n = 42) and a nanocarbon group (n = 51). For the nanocarbon group, after thyroid exposure, nanocarbon was injected into the thyroid gland, and the SLNs were resected and subjected to frozen sectioning and routine pathological examination. In addition, the postoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of both groups were analyzed to compare the features of the nanocarbon application. Results: The number of central lymph (level VI) nodes dissected and the number of metastatic lymph nodes identified were analyzed in both groups. The number of dissected lymph nodes from both unilateral and bilateral thyroid surgeries was significantly larger in the nanocarbon group than in the control group. At the same time, the number of identified metastasis lymph nodes dissected were higher in the nanocarbon group than in the control group. We assessed the postoperative calcium and PTH level to evaluate the parathyroid function. Our results show that the nanocarbon group had a better protective effect on parathyroid function than the control group. Conclusions: As a lymph node trace agent, nanocarbon could better evaluate and permit a more clear lymph dissection for patients with PTC. Nanocarbon contributes to a decrease in the incidence rate of parathyroid damage, which has great clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have been explored as photoluminescent (PL) materials with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and tunable band structures arising from the structural regulating functions of organic cations. Herein, by using a simple solution reaction, we prepared one new type of one-dimensional (1D) hybrid lead halide, namely [DMEDA]PbCl4 (DMEDA = N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine). The compound contains 1D edge sharing octahedral lead chloride [PbCl4]2− anionic chains, which are surrounded and separated by organic cations of [DMEDA]2+. This 1D structure enables the formation of self-trapped excited states that give bright yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of approximately 4.81%. A white light emitting device can also be easily fabricated by coating a sample of [DMEDA]PbCl4 on a blue light chip. Its PL stability and nature are also investigated by using various experiments. This work provides a new type of structural model to probe the PL properties and understand the structure–property relationship of low-dimensional lead halide perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma are challenges to clinical biologists at present. The patients with glioblastoma have median survival of less than 12 months, despite advances in radiotherapeutical, chemotherapeutical and conventional surgical modalities. Retinoic acids are known to effect in vitro proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in colon, prostate, lung, and leukemia cancers. Retinoids are known to have anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasive activity against human malignant gliomas, suggesting that retinoids are suitable anticancer agents to inhibit progression of tumors. Recurrent malignant cerebral gliomas have been treated with ATRA and 13-cis RA. However, the side effects associated with the use of high doses of retinoic acid demand for some more potent derivative free from such effects. The present clinical trials are undertaken to investigate the clinical safety and possible efficacy of administering retinoic acid naphthalene triazole (RANT) to patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. The toxicities observed in the patients during RANT treatment were mild. These preliminary results suggest that RANT is more potent compared to RA against recurrent malignant gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ta-doped HfO2 thin films grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si by reactive sputtering possess strong ferroelectric properties, as detected by corresponding polarization vs electric field measurement and mesoscopic piezoresponse force microscopy. Capacitance/current-electric field curves are used to reveal the substances with ferroelectric properties in the thin films. The ferroelectricity of Ta-doped HfO2 is influenced by Ta contents. The remanent polarization Pr can reach ∼53 μC/cm2 by optimizing the Ta percentage. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering analyses indicate only the presence of monoclinic phase peaks in undoped HfO2 thin films, while Ta doping promotes the formation of the ferroelectric phase (orthorhombic Pca21). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that the incorporation of Ta5+ within the HfO2 lattice boosts the ferroelectric properties. A polydomain structure is observed on the bare surface of 16% Ta-doped HfO2. Moreover, the switching behavior of the domain is explored by applying an external voltage, demonstrating the potential for storage device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films are fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide conducting glass substrates by a pulsed laser deposition technique with SrTiO3 used as a buffer layer. The current-voltage characteristics of the heterojunctions exhibit an asymmetric and resistance switching behaviour. A homogeneous interface-type conduction mechanism is also reported using impedance spectroscopy. The spatial homogeneity of the charge carrier distribution leads to fieldinduced potential-barrier change at the Au-La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 interface and a concomitant resistance switching effect. The ratio of the high resistance state to the low resistance state is found to be as high as 1.3 × 104% by simulating the AC electric field. This colossal resistance switching effect will greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio in nonvolatile memory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Transtympanic administration of gentamicin is a widely accepted and effective approach for treating patients with intractable vertigo. Previous studies have demonstrated the uptake, distribution and effects of gentamicin in peripheral vestibular and cochlear structures after transtympanic injection. However, little is known about whether transtympanically administered gentamicin is trafficked into more central auditory and vestibular structures and its effect on these structures. In this study, we used immunofluorescence to determine the distribution of gentamicin within the auditory and vestibular brainstem. We observed gentamicin immunolabeling bilaterally in the vestibular efferent neurons, and in the superior olivary complex, and ipsilaterally in the cochlear nucleus 24h after transtympanic administration of gentamicin, and that the drug could still be detected in these locations 30 days after injection. In contrast, no gentamicin labeling was detected in the vestibular nuclear complex. In the vestibular efferent neurons and superior olivary complex, gentamicin labeling was detected in the cytoplasm and cell processes, while in the cochlear nucleus gentamicin is mainly localized outside and adjacent to the cell bodies of neurons. Nerve fibers in cochlear nucleus, root of eighth nerve, as well as descending pathways from the superior olivary complex, are also immunolabeled with gentamicin continuously. Based on these data, we hypothesize that retrograde axonal transport of gentamicin is responsible for the distribution of gentamicin in these efferent nuclei including vestibular efferent neurons and superior olivary complex and anterograde axonal transport into the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanosized CaSnO3 is synthesized by a hydrothermal process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM observation shows the sample has a porous flowerlike morphology. The electrochemical results exhibit that the stable and reversible capacity of 547mAhg−1 is obtained after 50 cycles at 60mAg−1 (0.1C) and the corresponding charge capacity is determined to be 316mAhg−1 at the current density of 2.5C. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are analyzed to complement the galvanostatic results. The observed excellent performance is attributed to the porous structure and large surface area of flowerlike CaSnO3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The thin film transistors (TFTs) based on nitrogen doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated by laser molecular beam epitaxy. The increase of ZnO films'' resistivity by nitrogen doping was found and applied in enhancement mode ZnO–TFTs. The ZnO–TFTs with a conventional bottom-gate structure were fabricated on thermally oxidized p-type silicon substrate. Electrical measurement has revealed that the devices operate as an n-channel enhancement mode and exhibit an on/off ratio of 104. The threshold voltage is 5.15 V. The channel mobility on the order of 2.66 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Experiments on CO2 removal from flue gas using polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber membrane contactors were conducted in this study. Absorbents including aqueous potassium glycinate (PG) solution, aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were used to absorb CO2 in the experiments. Based on the wetting experimental results, aqueous PG solution can offer a higher surface tension than water, aqueous MEA and MDEA solutions. Aqueous PG solution has a lower potential of membrane wetting after a continuously steady operation for 40 h to maintain CO2 removal efficiency of about 90%. Under moderate operating conditions, effects of the temperature, flow rate, and concentration of absorbents, and the flow rate of flue gas as well as the volumetric concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas on the mass transfer rate of CO2 were studied on a pilot-scale test facility. Unlike conventional absorbents, the mass transfer decreases with an increasing liquid temperature when using aqueous PG solution. Results show that CO2 removal efficiency was above 90% and the mass transfer rate was above 2.0 mol/(m2 h) using the PG aqueous solution. It indicates that the hollow fiber membrane contactor has a great potential in the area of CO2 separation from flue gas when absorbent''s concentration and liquid–gas pressure difference are designed elaborately. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lattice Boltzmann method and elastic particle collision model were used to investigate the sedimentation of short cylindrical pollutant particles with mechanical contacts for varying bulk number density ϵ and terminal Reynolds number ReT. The corresponding experiments were performed as a comparison. The clusters of pollutant particles with an inverted "T" structure were observed, the pollutant particles for high ϵ and large ReT scattered wider than that for low ϵ and small ReT. The sedimentation velocities increased suddenly at the initial stage, then decreased drastically, after that swayed around and approached to a steady value. The time to steady state did not depend on ϵ and ReT. The effect of particle interactions was to hinder the average sedimentation velocity, and hindrance was directly proportional to ϵ. The orientation distributions of pollutant particles depended on ReT and ϵ, especially on the former. Both the standard deviations of vertical and horizontal velocity, the former was larger than the latter, were nearly independent on ϵ and ReT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to participate in many human cancers. However, the underlying role of TRIM32 in glioma remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the function of TRIM32 in glioma cells and the clinical implications and found that TRIM32 was upregulated in glioma tissues. Consistently, overexpression of TRIM32 promoted glioma U87 and U251 cell proliferation and conferred cell resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). Conversely, knockdown of TRIM32 inhibited glioma cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo and sensitized glioma cells to the treatment of TMZ in a p53-dependent and -independent manner. Mechanistically, knockdown of TRIM32 induced apoptosis of U87 an U251 cells. In addition, TRIM32 interacted with the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-xL and BCL-w, which antagonized the inhibitory effect of TRIM32 knockdown in U87 cells. Together, our study uncovered the role of TRIM32 in glioma and TRIM32 may be a potential therapeutic target for gliomas. • TRIM32 upregulated in glioma tumors and had a positive correlation with the malignant grade of glioma. • Knockdown of TRIM32 inhibited the glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and enhanced the therapeutic sensitivity. • TRIM32 promotes the glioma growth by inhibiting the p53 expression and enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using in situ N-alkylating [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]2+ organic cation as structural-directing agent (SDA), two new types of organic-inorganic hybrid cuprous halides, namely, [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]Cu 3 I 5 (1) and [(Me) 2 -bipy)] 2 Cu 7 Br 9 I 2 (2) , have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n (No. 147) and features one-dimensional (1D) anionic [Cu 3 I 5 2- chains separated by [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]2+ cations. The structure of compound 2 contains a 1D [Cu 7 Br 9 I 2 2- anionic chain, which belongs to the first hybrid cuprous halide with mixed halogen elements. The UV–vis absorption optical measurement reveals that the compounds possesses narrow band gaps of 1.95–2.14 ​eV, which leads to stable photocatalytic degradation activity over organic pollutant under visible light irradiation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism and reason of photochemical stability is also proposed based on experimental results and electronic band structural calculation. By using photosensitivity conjugated organic cations as structural template, we prepared two types of cuprous halides, namely as, [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]Cu 3 I 5 and [(Me) 2 -bipy)] 2 Cu 7 Br 9 I 2 , with one-dimensional anionic [Cu 3 I 5 2- and [Cu 7 Br 9 I 2 2- anionic chains charge balanced by [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]2+ cations. The photosensitization of conjugated organic cations leads to narrow band gaps of 1.95 eV–2.13 ​eV, which result in stable photocatalytic degradation activity over organic pollutant under visible light irradiation. Image 1 • Two new types of one-dimensional hybrid cuprous halides were prepared and characterized. • The [(Me) 2 -2,2-bipy]Cu 3 I 5 and [(Me) 2 -bipy)] 2 Cu 7 Br 9 I 2 have narrow band gaps of 1.95 eV–2.13 ​eV. • The cuprous halides result in stable photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Tianshan Terrane (CTT) in the Eastern Tianshan (Xinjiang, NW China) is an important Pb–Zn metallogenic belt and played a pivotal role in crustal evolution and collisional tectonics of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Shaquanzi gabbro and Hongyuan granodiorite are located in the northern margin of the CTT and associated with Pb–Zn mineralization. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded weighted mean ages of 307.2 ± 1.5 Ma and 301.2 ± 1.5 Ma for the Shaquanzi gabbro and the Hongyuan granodiorite, respectively. These rocks are medium-K calc-alkaline series and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., K, Rb, Ba) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), displaying typical arc affinities. The Shaquanzi gabbro shows low Nb/Ta (11.0–14.2), a high Mg # range (56–59), positive zircon ε Hf (t) (+ 3.30 − + 7.26) and whole rock ε Nd (t) (+ 0.70 − + 1.38) values, and low I Sr ratios (0.704858–0.705137), which indicate that the protolith was probably derived from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. The Hongyuan granodiorite contains hornblende but lack of Al-rich minerals and has low I Sr ratios (0.704769–0.706211 < 0.707), suggesting an I-type origin. Moreover, the Hongyuan granodiorite has positive ε Hf (t) (+ 1.12 − + 5.57) and ε Nd (t) (+ 0.38 − + 1.86) values, with high Mg # (52), variable Nb/Ta ratios (12.6–12.9), low contents of Ni, Cr and Co and Pb isotopes ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 17.461–18.299, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.541–15.581, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 37.456–38.129), suggesting the Hongyuan granodiorite was generated by partial melting of juvenile crust sources mixed with some mantle-derived materials. Combined published works with our new geochronological, geological, geochemical and isotopic data, we propose that the CTT may have evolved from a continental arc to a syn-collisional setting during the period of ca. 307–301 Ma. The continuing southward subduction of the Junggar oceanic slab beneath the CTT in the Late Carboniferous resulted in extensive arc-related volcanic rocks emplacement that had indirect links to the Pb–Zn mineralization (e.g., reworked/upgraded). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the electrical and UV-photoelectrical performance of transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors with solution-processed zirconia (ZrO2) dielectric. The channel layers were deposited by magnetron sputter at room temperature. The ZrO2 dielectric was deposited by solution process under ambient conditions followed by low temperature annealing. The films were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope. Good device characteristics have been obtained with a field effect mobility of 30.7 cm2 V−1s−1, a current on/off ratio of 105, a threshold voltage of 0.8 V, and a sub-threshold swing of 30 mV decade−1. A resistor-load inverter was fabricated and shows reasonable transfer characteristics with a gain of about 5 at supply voltage of 2 V. It was observed that the transistors are sensitive to UV illumination. When exposed to ultraviolet light with an intensity of 120 µW cm−2, the photo-to-dark current ratio was more than 104 in the depletion region. All the above features make IZO thin film transistor a promising candidate to be also used as a UV-photo transistor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We identified 18 differentially expressed miRNAs in ESCC compared with normal esophageal tissues. [•] miR-195 was downregulated in ESCC. [•] Loss of miR-195 expression contributed to ESCC progression through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of Cdc42 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great achievement of the development of intensive in agriculture in China can be partly attributed to substantial increases in mineral-nutrient application. However, whereas farmers tend to apply high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application of potassium (K) has been neglected. A greater understanding of the relationship between maize ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and K-application rate is thus required to provide an improved rationale for K fertilization for farmers in the various agro-ecological regions of China. In this study, a total of 2765 farmers' survey data and 3124 on-farm experiments across major maize agro-ecological regions in China were collected and evaluated for farmers' K-management status and to determine grain-yield response to K application. Nationally, the average K-application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha-1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha-1, with a coefficient of variation of 107%, but the applied K-fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield. Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K0). Increased yield due to K fertilization (IYmax, difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K0-treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha-1 but varied widely in different agro-ecological regions. Soil extractable K (NH4OAc-K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IYmax in agro-ecological regions, as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistive switching properties in amorphous Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO³ films deposited by pulsed laser deposition are investigated. Reproducible and bipolar counter-8-shape and 8-shape switching behaviours of Au/Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO³/F:SnO2 junctions are obtained at room temperature. Dramatically, the coexistence of two switching polarities could be reversibly adjusted by an applied voltage range. The results allocated those two switching types to areas of different defect densities beneath the same electrode. The migration of oxygen vacancies and the trapping effect of electrons under an applied electric field play an important role. An interface-effect-related resistance switching is proposed in an amorphous Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO³-based memory cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]