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Peanuts were hydrolyzed step by step with various enzymes to prepare protein powder. Using peanuts as raw materials, protein extraction rate response value, enzyme addition amount, temperature, and pH as experimental factors, were used to establish a data model to optimize the extraction process with response surface. The protein powder prepared under this condition was compared with the protein powder prepared by water extraction method, single enzyme extraction method and commercially available protein. The particle size distribution, solubility, emulsification and surface hydrophobicity of protein powder extracted by compound enzyme were studied. The results showed that the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of the complex enzyme were 1.8% enzyme addition, 55 ℃ reaction temperature, and pH 9.2. Under these conditions, the protein extraction rate reached 89.21%. The particle size distribution of the protein powder prepared by the complex enzymes was uniform, and the particles were smaller, indicating that the protein solubility and emulsification were significantly improved.

Lateral roots, including adventitious roots, are the main component of rapeseed roots with support, absorb, and synthesis functions and their morphological parameters directly affecting the plant's aboveground growth and yield. Root biomass, as a material base for lateral root growth, can be used as a link between plant phenotypes and their physiological processes, as well as to enhance root 3D growth model mechanisms and accuracy. To quantify the relationships between lateral root morphological indices and the corresponding organ biomass for rapeseed, we used two cultivars, NY 22 (conventional) and NZ 1818 (hybrid), and conducted cultivar and fertilizing cylindrical tube experiments during the 2016–2019, with two fertilizer levels, no fertilizer, and 180 kg N ha−1 fertilizer. The lateral root biomass and morphological parameters were determined during the whole growth period. The biomass‐based lateral root morphological parameter models were developed by analyzing the quantitative relationship between the lateral root morphological indices and their corresponding biomass, and the descriptive models were verified with independent experimental data. The results showed that the correlation (r) of simulated and observed values for the lateral root morphological parameters are all greater than 0.9 with significant levels at p < 0.001. The absolute values of the average absolute difference (da) of simulated and observed values for the lateral root length (LLR), lateral root average diameter (ADLR), lateral root surface area (SALR), and lateral root volume (VLR) are −30.408 cm, −0.003 mm, 12.902 cm2, and 0.039 cm3, respectively. The RMSE values are 175.183 cm, 0.010 mm, 59.710 cm2, and 1.513 cm3, respectively. The ratio of da to the average observed values (dap) for the LLR and VLR are all less than 5%, and the ADLR and SALR are all <6%. The models developed in this paper have good performance and reliability for predicting lateral root morphological parameters of rapeseed. The study provides a mechanistic method for linking the rapeseed growth model with the morphological model using corresponding organic biomass and laying a good foundation for establishing a 3D morphological model for rapeseed root system based on biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VRAM (vacuum resin absorbable molding) process was used to prepare the epoxy resin matrix hybrid composites with ramie fiber cloth and glass fiber cloth.The storage modulus,the loss factor and the mechanical property of the composites were tested.Vibration characteristics were estimated through the resonance frequencies and free vibration decaying curve via the single cantilever beam vibration test.Meanwhile,the damping factors were obtained by calculation.Finally,the finite element simulation software was used to do some simulation analysis on the resonance frequencies and free vibration decaying experiments.The results show that the contradiction between the damping properties and the mechanical properties can be balanced by the hybrid plies of the ramie fiber cloth and the glass fiber cloth.Therefore it can realize the controllable regulation of the damping properties and the mechanical properties and give full play to the remarkable designing advantages of composites.Among them,loss factor and tensile strength of the composites with RGR lay-up are 1.4 times more than the pure glass fiber cloth composite,and 3 times more than the pure ramie fiber cloth composite,respectively.The finite element simulation curves of free vibration are basically consistent with the experiment results.It shows that virtual vibration test of laminated composite can be realized by simulation software,so as to provide convenience for material performance prediction and design.

In order to solve the problems of difficulty and low efficiency in selecting water resources allocation scheme, a multi-attribute Decision-making method of water resources allocation scheme based on Pythagorean fuzzy set with interval value and PROMETHEE algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the interval fuzzy decision matrix of decision-makers is constructed, and the weights of decision-makers and attributes are determined by the distance of relative proximity coefficient method, entropy method and Pythagorean fuzzy number. Secondly, the comprehensive weight and IVPFWA operator are used to aggregate the decision matrix of each decision-maker into the comprehensive matrix, and then the final ranking results of water resources allocation schemes are obtained by PROMETHEE method. Finally, the algorithm used in this paper to select the optimal water resources allocation plan in City S as a case, and through comparison with the results of other methods, it finally shows that the method in this paper can accurately determine a reasonable water resources allocation plan, and the method is effective and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans. This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China. A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi'an (Shaanxi Province, China) were followed up once every 2 years from February 1, 1987 to October 30, 2016. The endpoint was death from any cause. The hazard ratio (HR) of each risk factor and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years; each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years. By the end of the study, of the 1,268 veterans, 889 had died, 363 were alive, and 16 were lost to follow-up. Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking (HR : 1.552, 95% CI : 1.074–2.243), obesity (HR : 1.625, 95% CI : 1.024–2.581), and the combined effect of the two factors (HR : 2.828, 95% CI : 1.520–5.262) were associated with coronary heart disease mortality. Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]