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The preparation of end-group functionalized liquid rubber by olefin metathesis method had the advantages of controllable molecular weight, easy introduction of multiple functional groups and milder reaction conditions. The progress in preparation of functionalized liquid rubbers with terminal hydroxyl, terminal carboxyl and ester groups etc by olefin metathesis method were reviewed with 50 references in this paper, and its future development direction was pointed out.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous regulators on plant elongation and carbohydrate consumption of rice seedlings under submergence. IR64 and IR64-Sub1 with submergence tolerance gene Sub1 were used. Twenty-day-old seedlings were sprayed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), paclobutrazol (PB), gibberellic acid (GA), or distilled water (as control) two days prior to the submergence. Plants were completely submerged and water depth was maintained for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 days respectively in tanks. The plants were allowed to recover for seven days after submergence. We investigated the effects of ACC, PB, and GA on the survival percentage, shoot elongation, chlorophyll degradation and recovery, as well as non-structure carbohydrate (NSC) consumption. The results showed that complete submergence resulted in significant elongation of plant shoots, rapid decline of SPAD, and quick depletion of soluble sugars in leaves. However, the initial NSC content in shoots of IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64, and the consumption rate during submergence was lower, and the starch content in shoots maintained after submergence was higher. PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by reducing plant elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumption, and the effect of PB pretreatment on IR64-Sub1 was more pronounced. Conversely, GA increased plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSC, which resulted in the lowest recovery capability and survival percentage. However, the inhibition of GA on submergence tolerance of IR64-Sub1 was much poorer compared with IR64. Plant elongation treated by ACC was much lower than by GA. In conclusion, PB could restrain plant elongation effectively, retarding chlorophyll degradation, decelerating NSC consumption and retaining more NSC after de-submergence. The results suggested that PB could increase rapid recovery of rice after submergence stress which was of significance in alleviating flood and waterlogging injury in flash-flood-prone areas.

In this study, three rice varieties, including three-line hybrid indica rice Wuyou308 and Tianyouhuazhan, and inbred indica rice Huanghuazhan were used to investigate the effects of air temperature and solar radiation on rice growth duration and spikelet differentiation and degeneration. Ten sowing-date treatments were conducted in this field experiment. The results showed that the growth duration of three indica rice varieties were more sensitive to air temperature than to day-length. With average temperature increase of 1 ℃, panicle initiation advanced 1.5 days, but the panicle growth duration had no significant correlation with the temperature and day-length. The number of spikelets and differentiated spikelets revealed significant differences among different sowing dates. Increases in average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, effective accumulated temperature, temperature gap and the solar radiation benefited dry matter accumulation and spikelet differentiation of all varieties. With increases of effective accumulated temperature, diurnal temperature gap and solar radiation by 50 ℃, 1 ℃, 50 MJ·m -2 during panicle initiation stage, the number of differentiated spikelets increased 10.5, 14.3, 17.1 respectively. The rate of degenerated spikelets had a quadratic correlation with air temperature, extreme high and low temperature aggravated spikelets degeneration, and low temperature stress made worse effect than high temperature stress. The rate of spikelet degeneration dramatically rose with the temperature falling below the critical temperature, the critical effective accumulated temperature, daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature during panicle initiation were 550-600 ℃, 24.0-26.0 ℃, 32.0-34.0 ℃, 21.0-23.0 ℃, respectively. In practice, the natural condition of appropriate high temperature, large diurnal temperature gap and strong solar radiation were conducive to spikelet differentiation, and hindered the spikelet degeneration.

In order to obtain the characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions of Shuxuening injection (Xingxue), the design method of a multi-center, large sample intensive monitoring in the hospitals was adopted. The hospitalized patients with use of Shuxuening injection from 27 medical institutions were enrolled as the research subjects to monitor their entire process of treatment cycle. The main content of monitoring included the patients' general information, diagnostic information, medication information, and adverse event information. A total of 30 209 patients with Shuxuening injection were enrolled; adverse reactions occurred in 34 cases, with an incidence of 0.113%, which belonged to the rare adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were characterized by headache, dizziness, pruritus, palpitations, nausea, et al. All the above results showed that Xingxue Shuxuening injection had high safety in clinical application., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To understand the medication characteristics of Xingxue@Shuxuening solutions in the real world, multi-center, large-sample-size registration design method is adopted in this study. Between October 2012 and October 2015, hospitalized patients in 27 medical institutions who used Shuxuening and diagnosed as cerebral infarction were observed, including their general information, diagnosis information and medication information. Totally 9 473 cases of cerebral infarction were included, with old people as the majority, and males were slightly more men than females; they were complicated with coronary heart disease, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency, transient brain ischemia and other cerebrovascular diseases; the medication duration was mostly within 14 days; the dosage was mainly 8-20 mL; 0.9%NS, 5%GS were the main solvent; commonly used drug combination was Ozagrel sodium injection, Shuxuetong injection, Alprostadil injection and other medicines for inhibiting platelet aggregation and blood vessel dilatation, and Cytidine diphosphate choline injection, Edaravone injection, Oxiracetam injection and other brain protective agents. The above results indicate that the clinical medication characteristics of Shuxuening are basically consistent with the package insert, except for the solvent; combined medicine is dominated by antiplatelet drugs; for old patients, various anticoagulant drugs shall selected according to their specific conditions to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To understand the clinical characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths, the hospitalization information of diabetes deaths from HIS system of 20 national 3A-grade general hospitals. Then the frequency statistics and association rules analysis were used to analyze the general information, complications, combined treatment, death time and other information of the patients died from diabetes. The results showed that most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. The complications with higher incidence included hypertension, pulmonary infection, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and renal inadequacy. In combined treatment rules, western medicines insulin, cefuroxime, furosemide, dopamine, nikethamide and sodium bicarbonate were used in combination at highest frequencies, followed by the combinations of traditional Chinese medicines panax notoginseng, radix bupleuri and western medicines, and the combinations between Chinese medicines had the lowest use frequency. Most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. They mainly died from 3 pm to 5 pm and from 5 pm to 7 pm. Therefore, the diabetes deaths often had complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and early prevention shall be noted in clinics; the clinical treatment plan was basically in accordance with the guidelines for clinical treatment of diabetes; the drugs with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and soothing liver-qi stagnation effects were the common Chinese medicines in treatment of diabetes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To analyze the content of proteins,amino acids and inorganic elements of Holotrichia diomphalia in different growing areas as the references for quality evaluation and reasonable application of them., Methods: The contents of proteins were determined using semi-micro Kjeldahl method. The contents of seventeen amino acids and inorganic elements were determined with amino acid analyzer and atomic absorption spectrometer and elemental analyzer, respectively., Results: The contents of protein were 33.4%-44.4%, and that in Jiangxi were the highest in five different areas. There were seventeen kinds of amino acids in Holotrichia diomphalia. Among them, seven amino acids were essential to human life. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in seventeen amino acids. In inorganic elements, the content of Mg, Ca was higher in macroelements and Fe, Zn was higher in microelements., Conclusion: There are many kinds of necessary amino acids and inorganic elements for man kind in Holotrichia diomphalia. The contents of proteins, amino acids and inorganic elements have some difference in Holotrichia diomphalia of different growing areas.

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the active oxygen metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings under Cd stress. The results showed that under the stress, applying 100 micromol x L(-1) SNP promoted the activities of plant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly, increased the leaf- and root calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents and the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), transpiration rate (T(r)), and stomatal conductance (G(s)), and decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA and the concentration of intercellular CO2 (C(i)). The addition of hemoglobin, a NO scavenger, eliminated the effects of SNP, while applying 100 micromol x L(-1) sodium nitrate or nitrite (the decomposition products of NO or its donor SNP) or 100 micromol x L(-1) sodium ferrocyanide (an analog of SNP) had no significant alleviation effects on Cd stress. This study suggested that exogenous NO could promote the scavenging of reactive oxygen, keep the mineral nutrition in balance, and alleviate the damage of Cd stress to the leaf photosynthetic apparatus, making the tomato seedlings preserve their photosynthetic efficiency.