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We review dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) designs. This review examines recent advancements across several categories, specifically focusing on their applicability in array configurations for millimeter-wave (mmW) bands, particularly in the context of 5G and beyond 5G applications. Notably, the off-chip DRA designs, including in-substrate and compact DRAs, have gained prominence in recent years. This surge in popularity can be attributed to the rapid development of cost-effective multilayer laminate manufacturing techniques, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC). Furthermore, there is a growing demand for DRAs with beam-steering, dual-band functions, and on-chip alignment availability, as they offer versatile alternatives to traditional lossy printed antennas. DRAs exhibit distinct advantages of lower conductive losses and greater flexibility in shapes and materials. We discuss and compare the performances of different DRA designs, considering their material usage, manufacturing feasibility, overall performance, and applications. By exploring the pros and cons of these diverse DRA designs, this review provides valuable insights for researchers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbicella faveolata, commonly known as the mountainous star coral, is a dominant reef‐building species in the Caribbean, but populations have suffered sharp declines since the 1980s due to repeated bleaching and disease‐driven mortality. Prior research has shown that inshore adult O. faveolata populations in the Florida Keys are able to maintain high coral cover and recover from bleaching faster than their offshore counterparts. However, whether this origin‐specific variation in thermal resistance is heritable remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we produced purebred and hybrid larval crosses from O. faveolata gametes collected at two distinct reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, a nearshore site (Cheeca Rocks, CR) and an offshore site (Horseshoe Reef, HR), in two different years (2019, 2021). We then subjected these aposymbiotic larvae to severe (36°C) and moderate (32°C) heat challenges to quantify their thermal tolerance. Contrary to our expectation based on patterns of adult thermal tolerance, HR purebred larvae survived better and exhibited gene expression profiles that were less driven by stress response under elevated temperature compared to purebred CR and hybrid larvae. One potential explanation could be the compromised reproductive output of CR adult colonies due to repeated summer bleaching events in 2018 and 2019, as gametes originating from CR in 2019 contained less storage lipids than those from HR. These findings provide an important counter‐example to the current selective breeding paradigm, that more tolerant parents will yield more tolerant offspring, and highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach when evaluating larval quality for conservation and restoration purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differentiating dry eye disease (DED) from allergic or viral conjunctivitis rapidly and accurately is important to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment. Tear lactoferrin (LF), a multi-functional glycoprotein found in tears, decreases significantly in patients with DED, and has been considered as a DED diagnostic biomarker. Measuring tear LF level, however, takes time and requires the use of bulky instruments. Herein, a homogeneous carbon nanostructure-based aptasensor with high sensitivity and selectivity has been developed by applying fluorescence polarization (FP) technology. The FP of carbon dots (CDs) bioconjugated with LF aptamers (CDs-aptamer) is 21.2% higher than that of CDs, which can be further amplified (1.81 times) once interacting with graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS). In the presence of LF, GONS separates from CDs-aptamer because of the stronger binding affinity between CDs-aptamer to LF, resulting in the decrease of FP value. A linear relationship is observed between FP value and LF concentration in spiked tear samples from 0.66 to 3.32 mg/mL. The selectivity of the aptasensor has been investigated by measuring other proteins. The results indicate that the FP-based aptasensor is a cost-effective method with high sensitivity and selectivity in detection of tear LF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differentiating dry eye disease (DED) from allergic or viral conjunctivitis rapidly and accurately is important to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment. Tear lactoferrin (LF), a multi-functional glycoprotein found in tears, decreases significantly in patients with DED, and has been considered as a DED diagnostic biomarker. Measuring tear LF level, however, takes time and requires the use of bulky instruments. Herein, a homogeneous carbon nanostructure-based aptasensor with high sensitivity and selectivity has been developed by applying fluorescence polarization (FP) technology. The FP of carbon dots (CDs) bioconjugated with LF aptamers (CDs-aptamer) is 21.2% higher than that of CDs, which can be further amplified (1.81 times) once interacting with graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS). In the presence of LF, GONS separates from CDs-aptamer because of the stronger binding affinity between CDs-aptamer to LF, resulting in the decrease of FP value. A linear relationship is observed between FP value and LF concentration in spiked tear samples from 0.66 to 3.32 mg/mL. The selectivity of the aptasensor has been investigated by measuring other proteins. The results indicate that the FP-based aptasensor is a cost-effective method with high sensitivity and selectivity in detection of tear LF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vein‐Chip recapitulates CVST Virchow's triad and enables systematic characterization of venous thrombogenesis with respect to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation. Distinct from the arterial setting, platelets universally adhere across the entire CVS Vein‐Chip independent of stenotic geometry and flow disturbance. Intriguingly, fibrin propagates along with the flow direction, but exclusively deposits to the inner vessel wall. Upon inflammatory endothelial injury, fibrin deposition mirrors to the outer vessel wall, but still not in the lumen. Together, the Vein‐Chip promises future applications for personalized thrombotic assessment and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article concentrates on the event‐triggered (ET) quantized‐output state estimation of discrete‐time singular Markovian jump network systems (DSJNSs) with the disturbance input and interval time‐varying delays. Initially, an augmented DSJNS model with network‐induced delay is established by utilizing the quantized control and ET communication strategies. Then, based on the free‐weighing matrix and stochastic analysis approaches, sufficient conditions are obtained such that a delayed DSJNS is stochastically H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ admissible. Using separation matrix variables, ET quantized state estimators and ET gain matrix parameters are co‐designed to ensure the stochastic H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ admissibility of the DSJNS. Additionally, an electrical circuit example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the singular finite‐time bounded H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ admissible problem of discrete‐time singular Markov jump network systems (SJNSs) with event‐triggered (ET) mechanism and quantizations. According to ET communication strategy and quantized control mechanism, an SJNS model is initially derived. Then, sufficient criteria are established to ensure that the SJNS is singular finite‐time bounded H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ admissible. Furthermore, ET finite‐time quantized controllers and ET matrix gains are co‐designed for the SJNS model based on variable decoupling method, and the feasibility of proposed approach can be converted into convex optimization problem. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations by an application to DC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence polarization (FP) has been applied in detecting chemicals and biomolecules for early-stage diagnosis, food safety analyses, and environmental monitoring. Compared to organic dyes, inorganic nanomaterials such as quantum dots have special fluorescence properties that can enhance the photostability of FP-based biosensing. In addition, nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, can be used as signal amplifiers to increase fluorescence polarization. In this review paper, different types of nanomaterials used in in FP-based biosensors have been reviewed. The role of each type of nanomaterial, acting as a fluorescent element and/or the signal amplifier, has been discussed. In addition, the advantages of FP-based biosensing systems have been discussed and compared with other fluorescence-based techniques. The integration of nanomaterials and FP techniques allows biosensors to quickly detect analytes in a sensitive and cost-effective manner and positively impact a variety of different fields including early-stage diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica establishes beneficial symbioses with a broad spectrum of plants and enhances host resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying S. indica -mediated plant protection. Here, we report S. indica effector (SIE) 141 and its host target CDSP32, a conserved thioredoxin-like protein, and underlying mechanisms for enhancing pathogen resistance and abiotic salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. SIE141 binding interfered with canonical targeting of CDSP32 to chloroplasts, leading to its re-location into the plant nucleus. This nuclear translocation is essential for both their interaction and resistance function. Furthermore, SIE141 enhanced oxidoreductase activity of CDSP32, leading to CDSP32-mediated monomerization and activation of NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (NPR1), a key regulator of systemic resistance. Our findings provide functional insights on how S. indica transfers well-known beneficial effects to host plants and indicate CDSP32 as a genetic resource to improve plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. [Display omitted] • Symbiotic Serendipita indica effector SIE141 mediates plant resistance diversity • SIE141 targets thioredoxin-like CDSP32 and enables it to depolymerize NPR1 • SIE141 binding targets plastid CDSP32 into plant nucleus • Nuclear-localized CDSP32 enhances plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Zhang et al. find that effector SIE141 mediates beneficial fungus-induced plant resistance diversity by targeting the plastid protein CDSP32 into host nucleus, enhancing its oxidoreductase activity and ability to monomerize NPR1. Nuclear targeting enables CDSP32 to enhance plant resistance to biotic Phytophthora and abiotic salt stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible mushrooms are prone to deteriorate during storage. A Single chitosan film or coating has limitations in preservation. Therefore, this article focused on the improvement of modified chitosan-based films and coatings on properties related to storage quality of edible mushrooms (e.g.: safety, barrier, mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties). Besides, the application of chitosan-based materials in the preservation of mushrooms was also discussed. The modified chitosan film and coating can slow down the respiration of mushrooms, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, protect antioxidant compositions, and regulate the activity of related enzymes, thus improving the quality and prolonging the shelf life of mushrooms. Meanwhile, the added ingredients improve the water and gas barrier properties of chitosan through volume and group occupation, and reduce the light transmittance of chitosan through light transmission, scattering and absorption. Essential oils and polyphenolic compounds had a better enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible mushrooms are prone to deteriorate during storage. A Single chitosan film or coating has limitations in preservation. Therefore, this article focused on the improvement of modified chitosan-based films and coatings on properties related to storage quality of edible mushrooms (e.g.: safety, barrier, mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties). Besides, the application of chitosan-based materials in the preservation of mushrooms was also discussed. The modified chitosan film and coating can slow down the respiration of mushrooms, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, protect antioxidant compositions, and regulate the activity of related enzymes, thus improving the quality and prolonging the shelf life of mushrooms. Meanwhile, the added ingredients improve the water and gas barrier properties of chitosan through volume and group occupation, and reduce the light transmittance of chitosan through light transmission, scattering and absorption. Essential oils and polyphenolic compounds had a better enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the analysis and design problems of event‐based (EB) finite‐time (FT) H∞ filtering for discrete‐time singular Markov jump network systems (SMNSs) based on separation of matrix inequality variables. According to the EB method, an SMNS model of network‐induced delay is introduced. Sufficient conditions of singular stochastic FT boundedness are then obtained for the augmented SMNS model by applying a stochastic Lyapunov functional and introducing slack matrix variables. In addition, using separation schemes for decoupling matrix inequality variables, the EBFT H∞ filter gain matrices and triggered ones are co‐designed to ensure that the augmented SMNSs are singularly stochastic FT bounded with a prescribed performance index. Finally, a practical DC test example is presented to show effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel broadband dual-polarized filtering patch antenna array using low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) process for 5G millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. The filtering antenna element is implemented using a ± 45° polarized patch antenna fed by two pairs of differential L-type probes. An additional square ring and open strips are connected to each probe, resulting in radiation nulls and realizing the lower/upper stopband rejection level over 24 dB with skirt selectivity. The cross coupling among these structures not only introduces filtering responses, but also contributes to broadening the passband of 24.25–29.5 GHz covering 5G n257/n258/n261 bands. The antenna performance is validated by equivalent circuits based on transmission line models, which reveals clearly the principles of filtering antenna step by step and provides guidelines for further designs. The proposed filtering antenna element is expanded to a $4\times 4$ filtering antenna array with shunt-fed feeding networks. The spacing between elements is $0.48~\lambda _{0}$. The measured results demonstrate that the array performs good filtering characters including high stopband rejection, high selectivity, and wide upper stopband up to 40 GHz, where the antenna efficiency (considering radiations from all the directions) is less than 5%. In addition, the differential feeds provide symmetric radiation patterns with low cross-polarized counterparts. Compared with other reported works, the proposed filtering antenna/array has excellent performances of wideband, high stopband rejection and wide upper stopband for potential 5G mmW applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose CT examination will reduce the radiation risk to patients, but noise and artifacts in CT images will increase. This paper proposes a Denoising Swin Transformer (DnST) model for low-dose CT image denoising. DnST model modifies the network structure based on Swin Transformer and introduces a perceptual loss function and residual mapping into the network. In addition, this paper also designs a new image quality assessment (IQA) metric, PPSNR (Perceptual Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), which measures the difference of higher-level information of image and optimizes the problem that the scores of PSNR are inconsistent with the visual quality seen by human eyes. The experimental results show that compared with the CNN method, DnST achieves good results in noise suppression, structure protection and lesion detection. The image quality is improved by about 2.28% ∼ 15. 95 %. Not only noise is suppressed, but also the structure and critical information are protected. [Display omitted] • Proposing a Denoising Swin Transformer (DnST) for low-dose CT image denoising. • Designing a new image quality assessment (IQA) metric, PPSNR. • Image quality of low-dose CT after denoising by DnST is close to the normal-dose CT. • PPSNR scores of images are consistent well with human perception of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate if 3D printed guides and preoperative planning can accurately control femoral stem anteversion. Methods. A prospective comparative study was carried out from 2018 to 2020, including 53 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. The target rotation center of the femoral head is determined by three-dimensional planning. In group A, planning was made by 2D templates. In group B, preoperative 3D planning and 3D printed osteotomy/positioning guides were performed. After the operation, 3D model registration was performed to calculate the accuracy of anteversion restoration. Results. We screened 60 patients and randomized a total of 53 to 2 parallel study arms: 30 patients to the group A (traditional operation) and 23 patients to the group B (3D preoperative planning and 3D printed guide). There were no significant differences in demographic or perioperative data between study groups. The restoration accuracy of group A was 5.42 ° ± 3.65 ° and of group B was 2.32 ° ± 1.89 ° . The number and rate of abnormal cases was 15 (50%) and 2 (8.7%), respectively. Significant statistical differences were found in angle change, restoration accuracy, and number of abnormal cases. Conclusion. Three-dimensional preoperative planning and 3D printed guides can improve the accuracy of the restoration of femoral anteversion during hip arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of the DNA‐histone interactions and factors that affect such interactions in the nucleosome is essential for understanding the role of chromatin organization in all cellular processes involved in the repair, transcription, and replication of the eukaryotic genome. As a kind of photosensitive molecule, psoralen (PSO) is used in the treatment of skin disease with ultraviolet light (PSO and ultra violet light, type A). The effect of treatment is remarkable, but the side effect is also obvious. PSO can be embedded in a 5′ TA sequence in double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), and dsDNA is mainly wrapped around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome structure in human cells. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the influence of PSO on DNA‐histone interactions. To this end, the binding specificity and mode of DNA and histone in the presence or absence of PSO are investigated systematically. The results show that the presence of PSO (no matter if there is ultra violet light treatment) can increase the overall probability of histone binding to dsDNA while lowering the selectivity of histone binding to the specific DNA sequence in vitro. In addition, the increase of solution ionic strength can lower the ratio of histone binding to nonspecific DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work devotes to the event-based mixed H ∞ and passive filter analysis and design problems of discrete-time singular stochastic network systems with Markovian jump parameters. Using the event-triggered communication approach, we first derive a network-induced delay discrete error singular stochastic network model. With the help of event-triggered method and stochastic Lyapunov function scheme, sufficient conditions are then established such that the resulting error stochastic model is regular, causal, stochastically mean-square stable with a mixed H ∞ and passivity performance index. By applying slack matrix variables and filter transfer function equivalent method, an event-triggered mixed H ∞ and passive filter is designed such that the resulting error singular stochastic network system satisfies certain mixed H ∞ and passive filter performance index, and the derived conditions could be solved in terms of linear matrix inequality method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Unstable pertrochanteric fractures are usually treated with internal fixation, and the integrity of the anteromedial cortex is an important factor for stability and healing. In this study, we described and analyzed the three-dimensional mapping technology and morphological characteristics of pertrochanteric fractures. Methods. Fifty-nine pertrochanteric fractures (OTA/AO 2007 types 31A2) were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomographic (CT) images for all fractures were superimposed on a standard template. Medial wall integrity was analyzed, and three-dimensional fracture maps were created. Results. Pertrochanteric fractures always have a posterior defect in the medial cortex. The mean width of the defect, in our study, was 21.5 mm (SD: 6.1 mm, range: 10–40 mm), 56.3% (SD: 13.7%, range: 27.5-100%). Bone segments that contact by the anteromedial cortex were 16.5 mm (SD: 5.3 mm, range: 0-29 mm). Conclusion. The integrity of the anteromedial cortex should be considered during internal fixation of femoral trochanteric fractures. These morphological characteristics could be used to form postoperative cortical contact and improve stability of the fixation. Three-dimensional mapping technology can help establish a typical fracture model, thereby improving doctors' understanding of fracture characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics are widespread in various environmental media, and may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target aquatic organisms. Florfenicol (FLO) is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture, and extensively used to substitute chloramphenicol with its strong sterilization and low adverse effect. In this study, flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, an important economic fish species in seawater was used as an experimental subject. Five exposure concentrations of FLO (including environment-related concentrations) were set at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L. Effects of FLO exposure for 168 h on growth and development, motor behavior, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and thyroid hormone level of P. olivaceus larvae were studied in pre-larvae (1 dpf) and post-larvae (20 dpf). The results show that the short-term FLO exposure could promote the larvae growth to some degrees, but inhibit them as the exposure time prolonged. For pre-larvae, FLO at 0.01 mg/L could stimulate the motor nerve system and increase the swimming ability, but inhibited it at 1 mg/L. With the increasing dosage of FLO, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MDA contents were elevated, reaching the maximum in the 1 mg/L FLO group. The pre-larvae were more sensitive than the post-larvae to FLO in the environment, and the growth and immune resistance could be damaged with long exposure. Post-larvae were more tolerant to external pollutants, FLO at 1 mg/L could promote the motor behavior and reduce SOD and MDA contents. Therefore, FLO can be used as an antibiotic at a proper concentration but as a drug to prevent disease in a long-term way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, compact filtering patch antenna with wide out-of-band suppression is presented, where the filtering mechanism is first analyzed and implemented based on mode analysis of a conventional patch antenna. According to the mode analysis, undesired higher-order modes can be effectively suppressed by selecting a proper length ratio of two sides of the patch and the feeding position, thus realizing a wide upper stopband. To further enhance the filtering response, another two simple filtering structures loaded on the patch antenna are also proposed. First, a split-ring-shaped slot is etched on the patch to generate a radiation null at the lower-band edge for improving skirt selectivity. Second, a U-shaped strip is etched underneath the patch and connected with the feeding probe, which can introduce another null at the upper band edge. As a result, a high suppression level of 23 dB in lower and upper stopbands can be realized, respectively, for the proposed filtering antenna, while the upper stopband can extend up to $2.3 f_{0}(f_{0}$ is the center frequency of the antenna). Furthermore, wide passband response can also be achieved by the extra in-band resonances existing in the slot and the strip. A filtering antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for demonstration. Good agreements between the simulated and the measured results are observed, indicating a large impedance bandwidth of 22.6%, high antenna efficiency of 95.6%, and an average gain of about 7.4 dBi. Compared with the reported filtering antennas, the proposed filtering antenna can achieve better wideband filtering response but with a simpler configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we investigated the effects of crystallization on magnetic and electrical properties of an amorphous CoFeTaBO magnetic semiconductor nanocomposite. Crystallization was found to trigger a semiconductor-metal transition in the nanocomposite. The room-temperature resistivity was decreased by nearly three orders of magnitude due to the crystallization. The crystalline phase in the sample was determined to have CoFe 2 O 4 -type cubic spinel structure. In comparison with the amorphous nanocomposite, the crystallized nanocomposite exhibited much harder ferromagnetism. The out-of-plane coercivity of the as-prepared sample was increased from below 1 Oe to ∼490 Oe. In addition, the crystallized sample exhibited enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance. The crystallization-induced significant difference in the magnetic and electrical properties may enable the amorphous nanocomposite as a magnetic phase change material to play an important role in magnetoelectric devices. • A semiconductor-metal transition is induced by crystallization of a nanocomposite. • The resistivity of the sample decreases by nearly three orders of magnitude. • The out-of-plane coercivity was increased from below 1 Oe to ∼490 Oe. • The crystallized sample exhibited enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Integrated dynamic CO 2 input and freeze–thaw cycle to establish a SWAT-BSR model. • Developed R code to screen extreme climate events and extract hydrologic variables. • Explored impacts of both single and integrated extreme climate events on hydrology. • Extreme cold and extreme drought had a strong negative impact on hydrology cycle. • Dryland corn zones were more vulnerable to integrated extreme events in the future. Extreme climate events may have a substantial impact on water conservation in the black soil region of China. This study integrated a dynamic CO 2 input method and an alternative freeze–thaw cycle function into Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to create a SWAT-Black Soil Region (SWAT-BSR) model. The SWAT-BSR model was used to simulate extreme climate events in the Liao River Basin (LRB; 220,000 km2) and an R script was developed to extract days in which extreme climate events occurred along with corresponding hydrological variables. Extreme climate events included extreme heat, cold, precipitation, and drought events across seven zones in the LRB. Subsequently, we explored the changes in single and integrated extreme climate events during the historical period (1971–2000) and future periods (2041–2070 and 2071–2100) under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The results indicated that almost each hydrological variable was reduced under extreme cold and drought events compared to the normal conditions in the historical period. Canopy interception and percolation were decreased under extreme heat in the future periods while extreme cold was opposite with a pronounced negative impact on reference evapotranspiration and soil evaporation. In contrast, each hydrological variable under extreme precipitation increased relative to the normal conditions while hydrological variables were largely negatively affected under extreme drought. In addition, the integrated extreme climate index increased over time, with more pronounced changes under the SSP5-8.5 scenario than those of SSP2-4.5 scenario. Hydrological variables were most at risk in the dryland zones as compared to partially irrigated and irrigated zones. These findings indicated that more attention should be given to the impacts of extreme climate events on water losses from both historical and future perspectives. It is also necessary to develop mitigation strategies for water conservation in the LRB based on the extreme climate events projected to occur in different zones and periods in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injecting supercritical CO2 into the subsurface changes the temperature, pressure, and geochemistry of the storage reservoir. Understanding these perturbations within the reservoir may be used to monitor the CO2 plume during a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) project. Here we analyze results from 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D numerical modeling studies to investigate how the thermal signature of the CO2‐water system evolves during CCS. These models show that the thermodynamic processes of the CO2‐water system results in a characteristic thermal profile within a homogeneous storage reservoir during a CO2 injection. This thermal signature is characterized by warming front of up to 4 °C, which is caused by CO2 dissolution and migrates contemporaneously with free‐phase CO2 migration. When reservoir properties are highly heterogeneous, this thermal front travels well ahead of free‐phase CO2, thus implying that thermal monitoring may be an effective predictor of CO2 breakthrough. Plain Language Summary: When CO2 is injected into a geologic reservoir, it causes the pressure, temperature, and chemical systems with the reservoir to change. Understanding these changes are important in order to plan a CO2 injection and monitor the CO2 during the injection. Monitoring CO2 in the subsurface is required to avoid negative health, safety, and environmental impacts. The temperature effects associated with a CO2 injection may be used as a way to monitor the CO2 plume during the injection phase. Results here show that the heat of dissolution can cause temperature to increase up to 4 °C and can be used as a way to predict the arrival of CO2. Key Points: Thermodynamic processes induce warming of 1‐4 °C at the leading edge of a CO2 plumeHeat and CO2 migrate contemporaneously within homogeneous reservoirsPositive thermal anomalies migrate weeks to years ahead of free‐phase CO2 in heterogeneous reservoirs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the finite-time bounded control problem of a class of uncertain Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partially unknown transition probabilities and norm-bounded disturbances. The purpose of the paper is to derive a stochastic finite-time controller such that the resulting nominal or uncertain stochastic nonlinear model is stochastically finite-time bounded by applying stochastic analysis techniques and free connection weighting matrix approach. We also provide stochastic finite-time stability and stochastic finite-time boundedness criteria of the class of nominal or uncertain stochastic nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, the derived criteria can be simplified into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which could be solved by employing Matlab LMI toolbox. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed approaches is demonstrated by a practical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper is concerned with the event‐based dissipative filter analysis and design problems of discrete‐time singular stochastic network systems with Markovian jump parameters and time‐varying delay. A discrete error singular stochastic network model of network‐induced delay is initially constructed by utilizing the event‐triggered communication scheme. Based on stochastic analysis and free‐weighing matrix schemes, sufficient conditions are then established such that the resulting error time‐delay stochastic model is stochastically admissible and strictly stochastically dissipative. By applying slack matrix variables and filter transfer function equivalent method, an event‐triggered dissipative state estimated filter is designed to ensure stochastic admission and strictly stochastic dissipativity of the resulting singular stochastic model, provided if derived conditions satisfy sets of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approaches is verified by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemochromatosis is prevalent and often associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The safe alternative iron-reducing approaches are urgently needed in order to better control iron overload. Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist. Adenine significantly induced hepcidin mRNA level and promoter activity activation in human cell lines, possibly through BMP/SMAD pathway. Further studies in mice validated the effect of adenine on hepcidin upregulation. Consistently, adenine dietary supplement in mice led to an increase of hepatic hepcidin expression compared with normal diet–fed mice via BMP/SMAD pathway. Notably, adenine-rich diet significantly ameliorated iron overload accompanied by the enhanced hepcidin expression in both high iron-fed mice and in Hfe−/− mice, a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis. To further validate this finding,we selected pharmacological inhibitors against BMP (LDN193189). We found LDN193189 strongly blocked the hepcidin induction by adenine. Moreover, we uncovered an essential role of cAMP/PKA-dependent axis in triggering adenine-induced hepcidin expression in primary hepatocytes by using 8 br cAMP, a cAMP analog, and H89, a potent inhibitor for PKA signaling. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of adenine for hereditary hemochromatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel Movable Typing for Personalized Vein-Chips in Large Scale: Recapitulate Patient-Specific Virchow's Triad and its Contribution to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (Adv. Funct. Biofabrications, fibrin, mechanobiology, organ on chips, shear stress, strokes, thrombosis Keywords: biofabrications; fibrin; mechanobiology; organ on chips; shear stress; strokes; thrombosis EN biofabrications fibrin mechanobiology organ on chips shear stress strokes thrombosis 1 1 1 06/06/23 20230602 NES 230602 B Organ on Chips b In article number 2214179, Lining Arnold Ju and co-workers, devised a novel, cost-effective, and high-throughput fabrication method for the creation of personalized vein-chips, employing movable typing stereolithography and organ-on-chip technologies. [Extracted from the article]

We report the formation of a ferromagnetic Co 55.0 Fe 24.5 Ta 0.1 B 20.4 amorphous alloy by magnetron sputtering, which exhibits positive magnetoresistance without saturation even in very high magnetic fields. This suggests that the s -like electrons responsible for the electrical conduction are spin-polarized through s - d hybridization. Owing to the electromagnetic interplay of the spin-polarized conduction electrons with the local magnetic moments, the electric-field control of room-temperature ferromagnetism is realized in the amorphous alloy. Our results offer insights for exploring the multi-functionalities of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys and extending their applications to a wide variety of electronics including magnetic tunnel junctions and compact disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the robust and resilient finite-time H ∞ control problem for uncertain discrete-time nonlinear systems with Markovian jump parameters. With the help of linear matrix inequalities and stochastic analysis techniques, the criteria concerning stochastic finite-time boundedness and stochastic H ∞ finite-time boundedness are initially established for the nonlinear stochastic model. We then turn to stochastic finite-time controller analysis and design to guarantee that the stochastic model is stochastically H ∞ finite-time bounded by employing matrix decomposition method. Applying resilient control schemes, the resilient and robust finite-time controllers are further designed to ensure stochastic H ∞ finite-time boundedness of the derived stochastic nonlinear systems. Moreover, the results concerning stochastic finite-time stability and stochastic finite-time boundedness are addressed. All derived criteria are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved by utilizing the available convex optimal method. Finally, the validity of obtained methods is illustrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The region surrounding the Modoc Plateau, encompassing parts of northeastern California, southern Oregon, and northwestern Nevada, lies at an intersection between two tectonic provinces; the Basin and Range province and the Cascade volcanic arc. Both of these provinces have substantial geothermal resource base and resource potential. Geothermal systems with evidence of magmatic heat, associated with Cascade arc magmatism, typify the western side of the region. Systems on the eastern side of the region appear to be fault controlled with heat derived from high crustal heat flow, both of which are typical of the Basin and Range. As it has the potential to host Cascade arc-type geothermal resources, Basin and Range-type geothermal resources, and/or resources with characteristics of both provinces, and because there is relatively little current development, the Modoc Plateau region represents an intriguing potential for undiscovered geothermal resources. It remains unclear however, what specific set(s) of characteristics are diagnostic of Modoc-type geothermal systems and how or if those characteristics are distinct from Basin and Range-type or Cascade arc-type geothermal systems. In order to evaluate the potential for undiscovered geothermal resources in the Modoc area, we integrate a wide variety of existing data in order to evaluate geothermal resource potential and exploration risk utilizing ‘play-fairway’ analysis. We consider that the requisite parameters for hydrothermal circulation are: 1) heat that is sufficient to drive circulation, and 2) permeability that is sufficient to allow for fluid circulation in the subsurface. We synthesize data that indicate the extent and distribution of these parameters throughout the Modoc region. ‘Fuzzy logic’ is used to incorporate expert opinion into the utility of each dataset as an indicator of either heat or permeability, and thus geothermal favorability. The results identify several geothermal prospects, areas that are highly favorable for the occurrence of both heat and permeability. These are also areas where there is sufficient data coverage, quality, and consistency that the exploration risk is relatively low. These unknown, undeveloped, and under-developed prospects are well-suited for continued exploration efforts. The results also indicate to what degree the two ‘play-types,’ i.e. Cascade arc-type or Basin and Range-type, apply to each of the geothermal prospects, a useful guide in exploration efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) profoundly affects the research of meteorology. As an AI method, deep learning greatly improves the accuracy of weather forecasting. Deep learning training requires a lot of data, while the collection of meteorological data faces some problems, such as the long collection cycle, the high cost, and the desensitization requirement. We propose a deep learning model called MDPGAN (Meteorology Differential Privacy Generative Adversarial Network), which introduces a differential privacy framework to reduce the risk of identifying real data by querying synthetic data. The MDPGAN model can generate synthetic weather data with similar statistical characteristics to real weather data. The data generated by the MDPGAN model meets the requirements of data augmentation and data desensitization at the same time. In this paper, the meteorological data set of Kennedy Airport published by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) was used for the experiments of the MDPGAN model. The reliability and validity of generated meteorological data were analyzed and tested. The comparison between the generated data and the real data shows that they have similar statistical characteristics, and the synthetic data has achieved good results in the time series prediction of temperature changes. The MDPGAN model provides a convenient tool for the meteorology researches based on deep learning, which can automatically generate a large amount of safe and reliable data, especially suitable for the meteorology researches with small sample data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gigantopithecus blacki is the largest hominoid that ever lived. The consensus view is that it is a specialized pongine and late-surviving member of the Sivapithecus- Indopithecus lineage. It is known primarily from Early and Middle Pleistocene cave sites in southern China, dating from 2.0 Ma to almost 300 ka. The cause of its extinction in the late Middle Pleistocene is unknown, but ecological change or the arrival of Homo erectus may have been contributing factors. Gigantopithecus is highly specialized in its dentognathic anatomy, with a unique combination of features that distinguish it from all other hominoids. Based on the size of its dentition and mandible, a reasonable estimate of its body mass would be 200-300 kg. There was a progressive increase in dental size from the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene, and possibly a shift towards greater complexity of the cheek teeth. Gigantopithecus exhibits a relatively high degree of sexual dimorphism, implying a high level of male-male competition, but the relatively small canines in both sexes suggest that these teeth were not important in agonistic behaviors. The species inhabited a subtropical monsoon forest with a closed canopy and dense understory. Foraging was focused on the forest floor and its diet included a broad range of C3 plants, including fruits, leaves and stems, and possibly tubers. The cheek teeth and jaws were adapted for processing a wide variety of bulky, fibrous, and abrasive food items, but the small incisors indicate that incisal preparation was not an important part of its feeding repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dynamic CO 2 input method in SWAT was developed and successfully tested at multisite. • Climate change impacts for 3 centuries in various climatic locations were evaluated. • ET c , irrigation, and corn yield respond sensitively to the dynamic CO 2 input method. • Future irrigation, ET c , and yield decreased significantly across sites and overtime. • Elevated T min was the key reason for the declining future yield. Water resources in semi-arid and arid regions are critical for sustainable agricultural development, and climate change imposes great challenges and brings about large uncertainties in water resource management and crop production. In this study, the effects of future climate change on hydrology and corn production in the U.S. High Plains region were assessed using a newly developed SWAT-CO 2 model and GCMs under the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Specifically, a new method to dynamically input annual CO 2 concentration into SWAT was developed. This method, along with the SWAT default CO 2 concentration (330 ppm), and a constant CO 2 input option (one average CO 2 concentration for a simulation period) were compared for simulating hydrology and corn yield in 21st century (2031–2100). Results showed the default CO 2 concentration continuously simulated the highest crop evapotranspiration (ET c) and irrigation but the lowest water yield and corn yield among three methods, especially under the RCP8.5 scenario. However, the ET c and irrigation were higher for the dynamic input method before the mid-21st century and lower between mid- to late-21st century than for the constant input method. The contrast results were found for the corn yield simulations. Additionally, the improved SWAT-CO 2 model was applied to predict the changes in hydrology and corn yields for three centuries (2031–2298) relative to the historical period (1970–1999). Results indicated that the overall trend of future irrigation, ET c , and corn yield could decrease significantly at the three sites compared to the historical period. The impacts of dramatically elevated CO 2 and logarithmic increase in air temperatures were the key factors for the above changes. The study highlighted the necessity of considering the dynamic CO 2 input for the SWAT applications in climate change studies. Long-term projected results of this study can inform local producers about the risks of future climate change in this water shortage environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dynamic CO 2 input method in SWAT was developed and successfully tested at multisite. • Climate change impacts for 3 centuries in various climatic locations were evaluated. • ET c , irrigation, and corn yield respond sensitively to the dynamic CO 2 input method. • Future irrigation, ET c , and yield decreased significantly across sites and overtime. • Elevated T min was the key reason for the declining future yield. Water resources in semi-arid and arid regions are critical for sustainable agricultural development, and climate change imposes great challenges and brings about large uncertainties in water resource management and crop production. In this study, the effects of future climate change on hydrology and corn production in the U.S. High Plains region were assessed using a newly developed SWAT-CO 2 model and GCMs under the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Specifically, a new method to dynamically input annual CO 2 concentration into SWAT was developed. This method, along with the SWAT default CO 2 concentration (330 ppm), and a constant CO 2 input option (one average CO 2 concentration for a simulation period) were compared for simulating hydrology and corn yield in 21st century (2031–2100). Results showed the default CO 2 concentration continuously simulated the highest crop evapotranspiration (ET c) and irrigation but the lowest water yield and corn yield among three methods, especially under the RCP8.5 scenario. However, the ET c and irrigation were higher for the dynamic input method before the mid-21st century and lower between mid- to late-21st century than for the constant input method. The contrast results were found for the corn yield simulations. Additionally, the improved SWAT-CO 2 model was applied to predict the changes in hydrology and corn yields for three centuries (2031–2298) relative to the historical period (1970–1999). Results indicated that the overall trend of future irrigation, ET c , and corn yield could decrease significantly at the three sites compared to the historical period. The impacts of dramatically elevated CO 2 and logarithmic increase in air temperatures were the key factors for the above changes. The study highlighted the necessity of considering the dynamic CO 2 input for the SWAT applications in climate change studies. Long-term projected results of this study can inform local producers about the risks of future climate change in this water shortage environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developing the capability of GAN for the prognosis prediction. • Adding the clinical data as conditions to the training process. • Using Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty to make the training process more stable. Background and Objective: Generative adversarial network (GAN) is able to learn from a set of training data and generate new data with the same characteristics as the training data. Based on the characteristics of GAN, this paper developed its capability as a tool of disease prognosis prediction, and proposed a prognostic model PregGAN based on conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN). Methods: The idea of PregGAN is to generate the prognosis prediction results based on the clinical data of patients. PregGAN added the clinical data as conditions to the training process. Conditions were used as the input to the generator along with noises. The generator synthesized new samples using the noises vectors and the conditions. In order to solve the mode collapse problem during PregGAN training, Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty strategy were used to make the training process more stable. Results: In the prognosis prediction experiments using the METABRIC breast cancer dataset, PregGAN achieved good results, with the average accurate (ACC) of 90.6% and the average AUC (area under curve) of 0.946. Conclusions: Experimental results show that PregGAN is a reliable prognosis predictive model for breast cancer. Due to the strong ability of probability distribution learning, PregGAN can also be used for the prognosis prediction of other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the problems of finite-time filter analysis and design for discrete time-delay neural networks with Markovian jump parameters and sector-bounded activation functions represented by Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. Firstly, a sufficient admissibility criterion is presented to guarantee that the augmented fuzzy jump neural network without parameter uncertainties is stochastically finite-time bounded in a prescribed time interval. From the admissibility criterion obtained, a sufficient condition on stochastic finite-time boundedness is provided for the augmented fuzzy jump neural networks. Then, a sufficient criterion to design a finite-time fuzzy filter is presented with uncertain parameters and Markovian jumps for discrete time-delay fuzzy neural networks. Moreover, conditions on stochastic finite-time stability are also established for nominal and uncertain delayed fuzzy jump neural networks without the presence of external disturbance. All criteria obtained can be represented as the form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the non-fragile and robust finite-time H ∞ control problem for a class of uncertain Markovian jump nonlinear systems with bounded parametric uncertainties and norm-bounded disturbance. By employing stochastic analysis and linear matrix inequality techniques, sufficient criteria of stochastic finite-time boundedness and stochastic H ∞ finite-time boundedness are first provided for the class of stochastic jump systems. Then, a controller is designed such that the class of stochastic nonlinear dynamics are stochastically finite-time bounded and have an H ∞ attention performance level by utilizing matrix decomposition approach. Furthermore, the analysis and design of non-fragile and robust finite-time controller are provided to guarantee that the class of uncertain stochastic systems are stochastically finite-time boundeded with a prescribed attention index by using non-fragile control technique. In addition, we also deal with the analysis and design of stochastic finite-time stability and stochastic finite-time stabilization. All criterions can be characterized in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two examples are also given to illustrate the effectiveness of obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentognathic remains ofGigantopithecus blackifrom the newly discovered Early Pleistocene locality of Yanliang Cave, Guangxi, South China are described. These include an incomplete mandible, only the fourth discovered and the first known from a site other than Liucheng, as well as 25 isolated teeth. Comparisons of the Yanliang mandible show that the best preserved part of the right corpus is morphologically similar to the left side of the Liucheng Mandible III. In addition, the Yanliang mandible and the Liucheng Mandible III share a similar degree and pattern of wear on the premolars and molars. The partially resorbed alveolus for the right M2in the Yanliang mandible indicates antemortem tooth loss, which is the first record of its kind forGigantopithecus blacki. Comparisons of the enamel–dentine junction morphology show that the isolated upper premolars from Yanliang are similar to those ofGigantopithecusblacki from Early Pleistocene sites, and differ from the more specialised form from the Middle Pleistocene Hejiang Cave. This supports the biochronological evidence that Yanliang Cave is Early Pleistocene in age. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Previous analyses of dental size in Gigantopithecus blacki indicated marked sexual dimorphism and a trend towards increasing size through time. These studies were based on a sample of over 700 teeth from five localities excavated prior to 1990. Since then, 12 additional cave sites have been discovered in southern China, yielding hundreds of isolated teeth of G . blacki . Most of these sites are well dated by a combination of biochronology and absolute dating methods, so we now have a much better understanding of the chronology of G . blacki . Here, we reexamine the degree of sexual dimorphism and the question of dental size increase through time in G . blacki based on the expanded collections now available. Our results show that sexual dimorphism is not as marked as indicated in previous studies and confirm earlier analyses suggesting that the postcanine teeth of G. blacki tend to become larger through time from the beginning of the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of stochastic finite-time state estimation for a class of uncertain discrete-time Markovian jump neural networks with time-varying delays. A state estimator is designed to estimate the network states through available output measurements such that the resulted error dynamics is stochastically finite-time stable. By stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, sufficient conditions are derived for the error dynamics to be stochastic finite-time stable. The desired state estimator is designed via linear matrix inequality technique. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gigantopithecus blacki is a typical member of the Stegodon – Ailuropoda faunal complex ( sensu lato ) that inhabited southern China or, more broadly, mainland Southeast Asia during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Current evidence indicates that the giant ape became extinct during the Middle Pleistocene. Recently, new remains of G blacki and associated mammalian fossils have been unearthed from a karst cave site, Hejiang Cave, in Chongzuo City, Guangxi, South China. The age of the Gigantopithecus -bearing depositional unit is estimated to be 400–320 ka using 230 Th– 234 U disequilibrium U-series dating of flowstone samples bracketing the deposits. These finds document the latest occurrence of Gigantopithecus and provide potential insights regarding its extinction. Comparisons of dental dimensions between the Hejiang G. blacki remains, more than four hundred isolated teeth from Early Pleistocene localities, and over ninety isolated teeth from local drugstores show that the Hejiang teeth are slightly larger in their buccolingual dimensions. In addition, the crowns of the three unerupted upper premolars differ from those of all of the other Gigantopithecus material in having more complex crenulations. The differences in dental dimensions and morphology are possibly reflective of dietary responses to environmental changes that eventually led to the extinction of Gigantopithecus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate molar enamel thickness and distribution in Gigantopithecus blacki , two maxillary and three mandibular molars were micro-CT scanned, and the 3-dimensional (3D) shape of the enamel crown cap was digitally reconstructed. Results show that G. blacki molars have very thick enamel, over 6 mm in places. 3D average thickness of the entire crown relative to crown size was shown to be comparable to that of modern Homo sapiens , and thinner than in the very thick enameled robust Australopithecus condition. Durability of the tooth, calculated as the enamel volume relative to maximum horizontal area of the crown, was shown to be comparable to that of fossil hominids, including Australopithecus robustus . The thick occlusal enamel of G. blacki molars was found to be accompanied by a buccolingual gradient in which thicker enamel occurs on the cusps of the “functional” side. This is associated with higher crown height on the “functional” side of the crown, and implies an adaptation to differential buccolingual wear. These results indicate that G. blacki molars were adapted to heavy wear, but probably in a manner that was different from Pliocene and Pleistocene hominids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the change in the composition of the Pleistocene primate fauna in southern China based on about 3600 fossil teeth collected from 14 cave sites in Chongzuo area, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Although it is often difficult to identify the taxonomic position of isolated Pleistocene primate teeth, nine genera were provisionally identified: Homo , Gigantopithecus , Pongo and Nomascus (Hominoidea), Procynocephalus , Macaca , Rhinopithecus , Pygathrix , and Trachypithecus (Cercopithecoidea). Among these genera, all but Gigantopithecus and Procynocephalus are extant, some of which are not presently distributed in Chongzuo and its neighboring area. More than half of the primate specimens belong to Macaca , which probably includes three to five species, while other genera likely consist of single species. There is a possibility that some of the early macaque species may have been replaced by later members of the genus. All primate genera make their first appearance in the Early Pleistocene, seven of which likely survived until the Holocene in Chongzuo. The extinctions of Procynocephalus and Gigantopithecus are probably due to different factors. The former was likely adapted to cooler and drier environments, and distributed mainly in the area of relatively high latitude. The Early Pleistocene fossil record at Chongzuo is its southernmost occurrence and it may be the youngest record in eastern Eurasia. The latter was a common taxon during the Early Pleistocene, but it disappeared in the early Late Pleistocene. This was probably due to vegetational change, including the loss of their preferred diet, such as bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the observer-based finite-time H ∞ control problem is studied for a class of discrete-time Markovian jump singular systems with time-varying norm-bounded disturbance. The main purpose of this paper is to design an observer and a state feedback controller ensuring that the resulting closed-loop error system is singular finite-time bounded via observer-based state feedback and satisfies a prescribed H ∞ performance level in a finite-time interval. By using the descriptor system approach presented by Fridman and Shaked, sufficient criteria on singular H ∞ finite-time stabilization via observer-based state feedback are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A simulation example is also given to demonstrate the validity of the developed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with stochastic finite-time boundedness analysis for a class of uncertain discrete-time neural networks with Markovian jump parameters and time-delays. The concepts of stochastic finite-time stability and stochastic finite-time boundedness are first given for neural networks. Then, applying the Lyapunov approach and the linear matrix inequality technique, sufficient criteria on stochastic finite-time boundedness are provided for the class of nominal or uncertain discrete-time neural networks with Markovian jump parameters and time-delays. It is shown that the derived conditions are characterized in terms of the solution to these linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical examples are included to illustrate the validity of the presented results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]