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As climate change continues to accelerate, there is a growing need for collaboration between geoscientists and community partners to cocreate equitable science-based climate solutions that align with community priorities. However, the curriculum of many geoscience Ph.D. programs focuses almost exclusively on physical science knowledge production confined to the academic sphere with little attention to usability or applications of climate information to decision-making. A consequence is that there is often little educational support to train future generations of geoscientists with the skills needed to serve as knowledge brokers and interpret climate information into the context needed for decision-making. To address this, a group of students and faculty at the University of Michigan developed a pilot course to provide hands-on experience engaging with local communities to develop climate solutions. This project involved a collaboration with the Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner's Office to discuss their high-priority objectives. The inaugural project involved identifying high- priority locations in Washtenaw County for rain garden development to be used for internal planning purposes. The process of recurring communications with partners played a critical role in tailoring the project to have ongoing use for local government after the course. This project provided a student-driven bridge between climate knowledge production, climate science usability, and community engagement. This type of formal engagement with community partners provides opportunities to train the next generation of geoscientists to have the skills to engage with practitioners and decision-makers and make climate science more accessible. KEYWORDS: Climate change; Community; Communications/ decision making; Education; Local effects; Societal impacts, 1. Introduction Climate change represents one of the most complex issues of our time, requiring an approach that goes beyond traditional scientific boundaries and requires the integration of knowledge across [...]

Anemophilous (wind‐driven) pollen is one type of primary biological aerosol particle, which can rupture under high humidity conditions and form smaller sub‐pollen particles (SPPs). Both pollen and SPPs can reach the upper troposphere under convective conditions, acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs), thus influencing cloud formation and precipitation. However, the impacts of these biological aerosols on cold cloud formation and local climate remain unclear as there are large uncertainties on their emission flux and ice nucleating abilities. Here, we incorporate pollen emission and rupture processes in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) simulations and update the Morrison microphysics scheme within WRF‐Chem using aerosol‐aware INP parameterizations to account for pollen in addition to other anthropogenic and biogenic aerosol. INP parameterizations for pollen and SPP are derived from laboratory experiments. When including pollen rupture rates as observed in a series of chamber studies, SPP concentrations increase, leading to an increase of cloud ice and water by up to 50% and potentially extending the duration of the convective system. Among all simulated hydrometeors, graupel and raindrops exhibit the largest enhancements from the inclusion of SPPs, with intensifying precipitation at the backside of the convective system and a greater spatial extent. Sensitivity simulations indicate that SPPs have a greater effect on cloud microphysical processes than whole pollen grains, and further observational evidence is needed to constrain these processes. Plain Language Summary: Pollen grains are emitted by vegetation and carry the reproductive material of plants. Under certain conditions (e.g., high humidity, lightning), pollen grains can rupture to form smaller sub‐pollen particles (SPPs). Both intact pollen grain and SPPs have been observed to influence the formation of cloud liquid droplets and ice crystals, potentially impacting cloud properties and precipitation. In this study, we include pollen emission and pollen‐cloud interactions into a meteorology‐chemistry model and investigate the effects of pollen grains and SPPs on a strong thunderstorm event associated with a mesoscale convective system. We find that SPPs have a greater impact than whole pollen grains on the convective system properties by increasing cloud ice and water content, facilitating the transition of cloud droplets and ice into graupel, and ultimately intensifying precipitation. These changes alter the impact of the convective system, leading to an extension of the storm width and lengthening of its duration. Key Points: Sub‐pollen particles (SPPs) enhance cloud microphysical processes more than intact pollen grainsSPPs influence the spatial extent and vertical structure of convective systemsSimulated SPP impacts are intensified when incorporating laboratory measured pollen rupture rates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

W-Re alloys are one of the most important refractory materials with excellent high-temperature performance that were developed to improve the brittleness of tungsten. In the present work, we firstly summarized the research progress on the preparation and strengthening methods of a W-Re alloy. Then, the strengthening mechanisms of the W-Re alloy were discussed, including the influence of Re, solid solution strengthening, second-phase reinforcement and fine-grain strengthening. The results showed that the softening effect of Re was mainly related to the transformation of the preferred slip plane and the introduction of additional d-valence electrons. Some transition elements and refractory metal elements effectively strengthened the W-Re alloy. Carbides can significantly enhance the high-temperature mechanical properties of W-Re alloys, and the reasons are twofold: one is the interaction between carbides and dislocations, and the other is the synergistic strengthening effect between carbides and Re. The objective of this work was to enhance the comprehension on W-Re alloys and provide future research directions for W-Re alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]