Search

In this study, three levels of grape load (15, 20, and 25 spikes/m shelf) were set for the primary wine grape cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. The effect of different harvest times, four growth stages according to the Eichhorn-Lorenz scale: E-L35, E-L36, E-L37, and E-L38 was investigated on the compositions of organic acids, monomeric phenols and volatile compounds and sensory quality of wine. The results showed that at the E-L38 stage, the total acid of grape berries in the medium-load group significantly increased, while the opposite was true for the low- and high-load groups. For all groups, the total acid content of wine peaked at the E-L35 stage and reached its lowest point at the E-L37 stage. The total phenol content reached its peak at the E-L36 stage, and then decreased rapidly. Under the low-load condition, the sensory quality of wine produced from early harvested grapes was superior to that of late harvested grapes, whereas the opposite result was found at the high load. The typicality and richness of wine were significantly improved with the delay of harvest time, samples J-20-6 (medium load + E-L37) and J-20-7 (medium load + E-L38) outperforming all other samples. The overall sensory score of sample J-20-5 (medium load + E-L36) was the highest, and the total volatile content and sensory richness score of sample J-25-7 (high load + E-L38) were the highest among all tested samples. Thus, meticulous regulation of grape load and harvest time holds substantial promise for enhancing wine quality.

This study examines the regional co-funding network as a novel framework for advancing high-quality fundamental research amid systemic reforms in science funding. Based on provincial joint funding data from Mainland China retrieved via the WoS-SCIE and SSCI databases (2013–2022), an interprovincial co-funding network was constructed. Social network analysis, kernel density estimation, and fixed-effects regression analysis were employed to explore the evolution of regional location advantages and their impact on technological innovation. The findings reveal that the co-funding network has become increasingly balanced over time, significantly enhancing the location-based innovation advantages of individual provinces and strengthening the network's overall capacity to foster innovation. This improved equilibrium has positively influenced regional scientific output, demonstrating that a province's position within the co-funding network—particularly its individual location advantage—plays a pivotal role in advancing technological progress. However, persistent disparities in regional collaboration and development remain, underscoring the need for more coordinated strategies to address uneven growth dynamics. By introducing the co-funding network as an analytical lens, this study uncovers the hidden channels of resource synergy and their influence on regional innovation. The results provide actionable insights for optimizing co-funding mechanisms and enhancing interprovincial collaboration to maximize innovation potential in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of volatile compounds endows wines with unique aromatic characteristics and is closely related to their geographical origins. In the pursuit of origin identification and the subdivision of homogeneous production areas, clarifying the characteristics of production areas is of great significance for improving wine quality and commercial value. In this study, GC×GC-TOFMS technology was used to analyze the aroma characteristics of "Cabernet Sauvignon" wines from 26 wineries in the Helan (HL), Yinchuan (YC), Yongning (YN), Qingtongxia (QTX), and Hongsibu (HSP) sub-producing areas in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China. The results indicate a gradual increase in relative humidity from the southern part of Ningxia, with the YN sub-region showing optimal fruit development and the QTX region having the highest maturity. A total of 184 volatile compounds were identified, with 36 compounds with an OAV > 1, crucial for the aroma profiles of primarily fermentation-derived alcohols and esters. An aromatic vector analysis revealed that "floral" and "fruity" notes are the primary characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Helan Mountain East region, with lower maturity aiding in the retention of these aromas. By constructing a reliable OPLS-DA model, it was determined that 15 substances (VIP > 1) played a crucial role in identifying production areas, among which phenylethyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol were the main contributors. In addition, a Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between sunlight duration during the growing season and benzyl alcohol accumulation, while a significant positive correlation was observed during the ripening period. Due to the critical role of phenyl ethanol in identifying producing areas, this further demonstrates that sunshine conditions may be a key factor contributing to the differences in wine flavor across regions. This study offers a theoretical foundation for understanding the relationship between climatic factors and flavor characteristics, addressing the issue of wine homogenization in small production areas, clarifying typical style characteristics, and establishing a traceability technology system based on characteristic aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its unique flavor, extremely high nutritional value, and health functions, Aronia has great development and utilization prospects. To fill the gap of incomplete market research in the Aronia industry in China and promote the development of the Chinese Aronia industry, this article retrieved Aronia-related companies through Tianyan Data. Results showed that the number of market entities engaged in the Aronia industry in China had been increasing year by year in the past 20 years, reaching growth peaks in 2016 and 2018, respectively. From the perspective of spatial distribution, Liaoning (32.89%), Jilin (18.86%), and Shandong (16.23%) were its main operating regions. Most enterprises (55%) had a registered capital of less than 5 million yuan, with a minority of Aronia enterprises owning trademarks (26.64%) and patents (10.48%). Until 2022, a total of 178 Aronia enterprises in China were in a state of survival and normal operation, with 50 being cancelled, revoked, rescinded, and dissolved. Currently, the main problems faced by the industry included a relatively single variety and cultivation mode, a low level of product deep processing, and insufficient brand recognition and effectiveness. At present, the domestic Aronia industry in China is still in its infancy. It is necessary to call on enterprises to integrate planting, processing, and sales, enrich product categories, develop new products, build leading enterprises, and improve the establishment of related industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of rural domestic sewage is an important task in the pollution control battle. Due to the complicated terrain, numerous rivers and scattered rural population in Hubei Province, there are many difficulties and problems in rural sewage treatment, and it is urgent to explore suitable practical treatment processes and technical models. SimaPro 9.0 software was used to establish a life cycle assessment model for four typical rural domestic sewage treatment technologies in Hubei Province, namely, constructed wetland, anoxy-aerobic process, membrane bioreactor and biological contact oxidation (BCO), and compare the environmental impacts of each system in the whole life cycle. Combined with the cost analysis, it provides the decision basis for the selection of rural domestic sewage treatment technology. The results show that respiratory inorganic is the most important type of environmental impact, which is related to the use of fossil energy in the production and transportation of raw materials. The environmental impact of each system is mainly from the construction phase (99%), and the economic cost is mainly from the operation phase (80%). BCO is the best solution with low environmental impact and low cost among the four typical technologies. Based on the evaluation results, the negative impact of treatment technology on environment and economy can be improved through measures such as cleaner production and reducing energy consumption, and the sustainable development of rural water environment can be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]