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The impact of Schizandrin A (Sch A) on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric cancer (GC) cells is not yet understood, despite its known anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversing properties in various tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of Sch A to reverse resistance and evaluate its mechanisms in GC cells that are resistant to 5-Fu. 5-Fu-sensitive gastric cancer (GC) cells were subjected to treatment with 5-Fu, while 5-Fu-resistant GC cells AGS/5-Fu and SGC7901/5-Fu were successfully developed. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, the impact of Sch A alone or in combination with 5-Fu on tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis-related metabolism was examined by stimulating these cells. A number of additional experiments were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of increased ferroptosis. Findings from our research indicate that the utilization of Sch A alongside 5-Fu could potentially be beneficial in combating drug resistance and treating GC in a reverse manner. The coadministration of Sch A was demonstrated to inhibit metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells by promoting the initiation of ferroptosis, a type of cell death that relies on iron. This effect was also confirmed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Through a mechanistic approach, the combined administration of Sch A exhibited a synergistic effect on enhancing the expression of the transferrin receptor. Consequently, this led to the accumulation of iron within cells, triggering lipid peroxidation and ultimately causing the death of 5-Fu-resistant GC cells. In conclusion, the findings from this research have presented a new approach to enhancing GC chemosensitivity, suggesting Sch A as an innovative regulator of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ferroptosis is induced by Sch A coadministration via increasing transferrin receptor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) in humans or mice can lead to severe eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis, resulting in various neurological impairments. Developing effective neuroprotective drugs to improve the quality of life in affected individuals is critical. Methods: We conducted a Gene Ontology enrichment analysis on microarray gene expression (GSE159486) in the brains of AC-infected mice. The expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) were confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Metabolic parameters were assessed using indirect calorimetry, and mice's energy metabolism was evaluated via pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, serum biochemical assays, and immunohistochemistry. Behavioral tests assessed cognitive and motor functions. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of synapse-related proteins. Mice were supplemented with MCH via nasal administration. Results: Postinfection, a marked decrease in Pmch expression and the encoded MCH was observed. Infected mice exhibited significant weight loss, extensive consumption of sugar and white fat tissue, reduced movement distance, and decreased speed, compared with the control group. Notably, nasal administration of MCH countered the energy imbalance and dyskinesia caused by AC infection, enhancing survival rates. MCH treatment also increased the expression level of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), as well as upregulated transcription level of B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in the cortex. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MCH improves dyskinesia by reducing loss of synaptic proteins, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for AC infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a novel variable air pressure supply structure based on the electromagnetic effect. This structure can be implemented in various soft robots driven by air pressure, including pneumatic artificial muscles, pneumatic soft grippers, and other soft robots. The structure's main body comprises a hollow circular tube, a magnetic piston arranged in the tube, and an electromagnetic solenoid nested outside the tube. The electromagnetic solenoid is designed with special winding and power supply access modes, generating either an attractive force or a repulsive force on the magnetic piston. This solenoid conforms with the magnetic piston expectation in the tube by changing the polarity direction. The interior of the whole structure is a closed space. The gas is conveyed to the soft robot by the gas guide hoses at the two ends of the structure, and the expansion energy of the compressed gas is fully utilized. Then, the gas supply pressure is controlled to drive the robot. The mathematical model of the structure is established based on the analysis of the electromagnetic force and gas pressure on the piston. The simulation results show that the structure's inherent vibration characteristics under various parameters align with expectations. The real-time automatic optimization of the controller parameters is realized by optimizing the incremental proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on a neural network. The simulation results show that the structure can meet the application requirements. The experimental results show that the proposed gas supply structure can provide a continuous pressure supply curve with any frequency in a specific amplitude range and has an excellent tracking effect on the sinusoidal-like pressure curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets were prepared using vacuum induction melting, heat treatment, and cold working rolling. We investigated the influence of the aging cooling rate on the microstructure and properties of Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets. By reducing the cooling rate of the aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets were improved. The cold-rolled Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheet achieves a tensile strength of 1003 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 75% IACS (International Annealing Copper Standard), which is superior to the alloy fabricated with other methods. SEM characterization shows that the change in properties of the Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets with the same deformation is due to a precipitation of the nano-Ag phase. The high-performance Cu-Ag sheets are expected to be used as Bitter disks for water-cooled high-field magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated water-soluble pectin (WSP), chelating pectin (CSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP), and cyanidin-3- O -glucoside (C3G). Various ultrasonic treatments (688, 1376, 2064, 2431, and 3437 W/cm2, 10 min) were used to modify the three types of pectin, and the structural changes in pectin and the interaction mechanisms between pectin and cyanidin were analysed. The experimental results indicated that ultrasonic (US) modification reduced the molecular weight and degree of methylation (DE) of pectin. The DE values of WSP and CSP decreased by 24.51% and 80.12%, respectively. US modification disrupted the branched structure of pectin and reduces the ratio of rhamnose/galacturonic acid, which caused an increase in the linearity of pectin. US modification enhanced the interaction between the three pectins and anthocyanins, and the US condition of 2064 W/cm2 for 10 min increased the binding rate by 15.71%–46.18%. NSP had the largest binding rate, and US modification had the greatest improvement in WSP binding rate. After US modification, the particle size of the pectin-cyanidin complex decreased, and the zeta potential increased. After heat treatment, the residual mass percentage of the pectin-C3G complex increased, which suggested that the encapsulation of C3G in pectin improved thermal stability. Therefore, US treatment is a versatile processing tool that reduces the DE of pectin and enhances its linearity, which offers a promising approach to promoting pectin-C3G complexes. [Display omitted] • Ultrasound improved pectin linearity, reduced its molecular weight and methylation. • Ultrasonic modified pectin enhanced its binding ability with cyanidin. • Alkali-soluble pectin had the strongest binding ability for cyanidin. • Binding ability of ultrasonic modified water-soluble pectin was increased the most. • Low methylation and high linearity modification improved pectin binding ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deterioration of a composite insulator's mandrel will cause a serious power-grid accident, so it is necessary to find the defect as soon as possible. Infrared imaging is an effective means to detect mandrel-deterioration defects, but sheath-aging defects will cause trouble to screen mandrel deterioration. Therefore, it is urgent to distinguish the two defects. In this paper, two composite insulators that are out of service with different heating characteristics are tested and analyzed, and the temperature-rise characteristics are analyzed by building a simulation model. The results show that the temperature rise of composite insulators with oxidative decomposition of epoxy resin is large, and the range usually extends from the hardware of the high-voltage side to several umbrella skirts. The temperature rise caused by the composite insulator with the fiber completely wrapped by epoxy resin is small, which mainly occurs from the hardware to the first umbrella skirt. The simulation model constructed in this paper is consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The model can distinguish the mandrel-deterioration defect and sheath-aging defect, and has guiding significance and important reference value for the detection rate of the mandrel-deterioration composite insulator and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the application of the composite cross-arm in power systems, comprehensive anti-aging performance is a key factor to determine whether it can operate safely. In order to study the influence of the operating environment on the external insulation characteristics of composite cross-arms of distribution networks, various aging conditions such as voltage, rain, temperature, humidity, salt fog and ultraviolet light were simulated in a climate chamber based on the real operation conditions of the 10-kV composite cross-arm. A multi-factor aging test of composite cross-arms with two kinds of cross-section shapes (T-shaped and square) was carried out for 5000 h. The change trends of leakage current and flashover voltage of the composite cross-arms before and after aging were analyzed. Finally, the aging mechanism of the silicone rubber sheaths was analyzed to further explain the reasons for the change of external insulation performance of composite cross-arms. The results show that the leakage current rising rate of T-shaped and square composite cross-arms after aging increases significantly, and the minimum flashover voltage decreases to 58.3 kV and 49.502 kV, respectively. The results of FTIR, SEM and hydrophobic angle tests show that, after aging, the performance of the silicone rubber outer sheath material decreases in varying degrees. In general, UV aging has the greatest influence on the external insulation characteristics of composite cross arms. Generally speaking, after 5000 h of multi factor aging, although the external insulation characteristics of the 10-kV composite cross-arm decreases to a certain extent, there is still enough margin to meet the normal operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of treatment with metformin (Met) combined with kaempferol (Kae) against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Experiments were conducted in both ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis rats and in vitro using RAW264.7 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and HUVECs. Results demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Met combined with Kae on osteoporosis. In vivo, Kae alone and in combination with Met treatments enhanced tibial trabecular microstructure, bone mineral density (BMD), and mechanical properties in OVX rats without causing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. It also reduced bone resorption markers (CTX-1 and TRAP) and increased the bone formation marker (PINP) level in the serum of OVX rats. The expression of bone resorption marker TRAP was reduced, while bone formation markers Runx2 and ALP were enhanced in the bone tissue of OVX rats. Furthermore, Met combined with Kae also promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related markers CD31 and VEGF in OVX rats. In vitro, MC3T3-E1s cells treated with Met combined with Kae showed higher expression of ALP, Runx2, and VEGF. Interestingly, the treatment did not directly promote HUVECs migration and angiogenesis, but enhanced osteoblast-mediated angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF levels. Additionally, Met combined with Kae treatment promoted VEGF secretion in MC3T3-E1, and activated the Notch intracelluar pathway by upregulating HES1 and HEY1 in HUVECs. Meantime, their stimulation on CD31 expression were inhibited by DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor. Overall, this study demonstrates the positive effects of Met combined with Kae on osteoporotic rats by promoting osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, suggesting their potential application in postmenopausal osteoporosis. [Display omitted] • Kae combined with Met improved bone mass and promoted angiogenesis in osteoporotic rat. • Kae combined with Met stimulated osteoblast differentiation. • Kae combined with Met promoted the VEGF expression in osteoblast. • Kae combined with Met stimulated HUVEC angiogenesis mediated by osteoblast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hydrothermal synthesis of CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles doped with Li+ alkali metal ions were demonstrated using introduction of Li+ ions through LiNO 3 nitrate. These nanoparticles have dual properties of magnetic fluorescence. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, XPS and photoluminescence spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize structural properties, surface functional groups, fluorescence, and magnetic properties of these particles. Results show that CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles exhibit bright green light emission under excitation at 258 nm and 378 nm ultraviolet band. Through the modification of Li+ ions, luminous intensity of green light is further improved. Energy transfer between rare earth ions was investigated via photoluminescence spectroscopy. This work demonstrates potential applications of Li doped CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles as photomagnetic dual-functional materials in fields of biological imaging, solid state lighting, and magnetic biological separation. In this paper, hydrothermal synthesis of CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles doped with Li+ alkali metal ions. These nanoparticles have dual properties of magnetic fluorescence. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, XPS and photoluminescence spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize structural properties, surface functional groups, fluorescence, and magnetic properties of these particles. Results show that CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles exhibit bright green light emission under excitation at 258 nm and 378 nm ultraviolet band. Through the modification of Li+ ions, luminous intensity of green light is further improved. Energy transfer between rare earth ions was investigated via photoluminescence spectroscopy. This work demonstrates potential applications of Li+ doped CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles as photomagnetic dual-functional materials in fields of biological imaging, solid state lighting, and magnetic biological separation. Fig. 1 CeF 3 : Tb, Gd nanoparticles exhibit bright green light emission under UV excitation. Through the modification of Li+ ions, luminous intensity of green light is further improved. [Display omitted] • In this study, hydrothermal synthesis of Tb, Gd: CeF 3 nanoparticles doped with Li alkali metal ions have been successfully. • Green emission peaks intensities are improved with increasing of Li ions, at 258 nm and 378 nm as excitation wavelengths. • CeF 3 nanoparticles doped with 20 mol% Tb3+ ions and 9 mol% Gd3+ ions exhibit the maximum luminescence intensity. • As the Gd3+ ion doping concentration reaches 11 mol%, the magnetization at 20000Oe reaches 0.0623emu/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Enhancing the dielectric strength of air gaps in transmission line towers. • Application of an epoxy–polythiol coating on a cross-arm for the enhancement. • Effect of different stoichiometric ratios of polythiol on coating performance. An epoxy–polythiol coating on a cross arm is an effective method to enhance the dielectric strength of air gaps in transmission line towers and reduce the occurrence of bird-related faults. However, epoxy–polythiol dual-component raw materials could not achieve the prescribed stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, affecting the protective performance of the formed insulation layer. This study characterizes the cured systems of epoxy–polythiol with imbalance stoichiometry using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tests were conducted to analyze parameters of the epoxy–polythiol curing system, including breakdown strength, cure time, thermal conductivity, water absorption rate, and mechanical properties. Results demonstrate that nonstoichiometric conditions reduce the curing time, breakdown strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption of the epoxy–polythiol curing system. However, a slight increase in the equivalent amount of the curing agent improves the mechanical properties of the cured products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial cell factories offer an economic approach for synthesizing "natural'" aromatic flavor compounds. During their fermentation process, the inefficient synthesis pathway and product cytotoxicity are the major barriers to the high-level production. This study combined metabolic engineering and tolerance engineering strategies to maximize the valuable rose-smell 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) production in Candida glycerinogenes, a GRAS diploid industrial yeast. Firstly, 2-PE metabolic networks involved in Ehrlich pathway were stepwise rewired using metabolic engineering, including the following: (1) overexpressing L-phenylalanine permease Aap9 enhanced precursor uptake; (2) overexpressing enzymes (aminotransferase Aro9 and decarboxylase Aro10) of Ehrlich pathway increased catalytic efficiency; and (3) disrupting the formation of by-product phenylacetate catalyzed by Ald2 and Ald3 maximized the metabolic flux toward 2-PE. Then, tolerance engineering was applied by overexpression of a stress-inducible gene SLC1 in the metabolically engineered strain to further enhance 2-PE production. Combining these two approaches finally resulted in 5.0 g/L 2-PE in shake flasks, with productivity reaching 0.21 g/L/h, which were increased by 38.9% and 177% compared with those of the non-engineered strain, respectively. The 2-PE yield of this engineered strain was 0.71 g/g L-phenylalanine, corresponding to 95.9% of theoretical yield. This study provides a reference to efficiently engineering of microbial cell factories for other valuable aromatic compounds. Key Points: • Metabolic engineering improved 2-PE biosynthesis. • Tolerance engineering alleviated product inhibition, contributing to 2-PE production. • The best strain produced 5.0 g/L 2-PE with 0.959 mol/mol yield and high productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the circulating tumour cells (CTCs) capture abilities of two technologies that are not dependent on cell‐surface marker expression: a selection‐free platform [AccuCyte®‐CyteFinder® system (Rarecyte)] and a size‐based platform [fluid‐assisted separation technology (FAST)]. In addition, the combination of the two systems to more completely assess CTCs was investigated. Patients and methods: In all, 28 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were included. Two 6 mL peripheral blood samples were taken from each patient at the same time‐point. The samples were then subjected to the two different technology platforms in parallel. An additional group of samples was acquired by applying the waste chamber material from the FAST‐group tests (flow‐through that goes through the FAST filter membrane) to the Rarecyte system for the detection any CTCs that were not captured by FAST. Results: The three groups had significantly different putative CTC‐positive tests, with positive rates of 29% for Rarecyte, 57% for FAST, and 79% for the combination. We also assessed CTC phenotype: 56.6% of the CTCs were cytokeratin (CK)+/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)−, 3.1% were CK−/EpCAM+, and 40.3% were CK+/EPCAM+. The captured CTCs diameter ranged from 5.2 to 16.9 µm. The mean CTC size from the FAST waste chamber was significantly smaller. The diameters for each of the phenotypic groups were significantly different. Conclusions: These data highlight disparities in the positive rates and enumerated CTC numbers detected by the two techniques. Notably, the combination of the two technologies resulted in the highest CTC‐capture rates. Smaller CTCs were more likely to be missed by the FAST as they passed through the filter system. Sizes of CTCs varied with different cell surface marker phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on first‐principles calculations, the electronic structures of the van der Waals heterostructures formed by bilayer‐Bi(111) and graphene are systematically studied. Although the Bi–graphene spacing is larger than 3 Å, the topological bandgap (TBG) of bilayer‐Bi(111) can be tuned by the weak Bi–graphene interaction and the stacking pattern between Bi and graphene. In the zigzag–zigzag stacking pattern, the TBG can be enlarged by reducing the Bi–graphene spacing or the buckling of bilayer‐Bi(111). Interestingly, in the zigzag–armchair stacking pattern, there is a new hybridization gap in a bilayer‐Bi(111) near Fermi level. Meanwhile, the TBG of bilayer‐Bi(111) can also be modified in the heterostructures. However, a large bandgap (more than 100 meV) can be realized in graphene by tuning the Bi–graphene spacing. The calculations suggest the importance of stacking pattern and hybridization on the electronic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important flavor compound but also impairs cell growth severely, which in turn blocks its bioproduction. However, the molecular mechanism of 2-PE tolerance is unclear. In this study, a superb 2-PE stress-tolerant and producing yeast, Candida glycerinogenes, was selected to uncover the underlying mechanism of 2-PE tolerance. We discovered that Hap5 is an essential regulator to 2-PE resistance, and its induction by 2-PE stress occurs at the post-transcriptional level, rather than at the transcriptional level. Under 2-PE stress, Hap5 is activated and imported into the nucleus rapidly. Then, the nuclear Hap5 binds to the glutathione synthetase (gsh2) promoter via CCAAT box, to induce the expression of gsh2 gene. The increased gsh2 expression contributes to enhanced cellular glutathione content, and consequently alleviates ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and cell membrane damage caused by 2-PE toxicity. Specifically, increasing the expression of gsh2 is effective in improving not just 2-PE tolerance (33.7% higher biomass under 29 mM 2-PE), but also 2-PE production (16.2% higher). This study extends our knowledge of 2-PE tolerance mechanism and also provides a promising strategy to improve 2-PE production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile strategy of arc plasma followed by an annealing treatment was developed to fabricate the carbon-coated ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3@C) as the anode materials for LIBs. In the arc-discharge process, higher enthalpy of the plasma was realized by existence of active hydrogen atoms, which can greatly promote the evaporation of raw Fe 2 O 3 /solid graphite powers and give rise to the highly graphitized carbon shells. It is indicated that the core/shell nanostructure effectively preserves the structural/electrical integrity leading to the excellent cycling stability. Unlike the carbon coatings formed by wet chemical routes, such carbon layers feature dominant pseudo-capacitive behavior, stronger electric conductivity and better charge transfer ability, thus harvesting the superior rate capability. Benefiting from the structural advantages, the Fe 2 O 3 @C electrode delivers a reversible capacity higher than 500 mA h g−1 at the current density of 5 A g−1 after 500 cycles. The mechanisms of structural formation and the electrochemical activities have been revealed in details. The facile synthesis route and good electrochemical performances endow the Fe 2 O 3 @C nanoparticles with great potential to meet the requirements on high energy/power and long lifespan for LIBs. Image 1 • Cheap commercial carbon and Fe 2 O 3 powders are used as the raw materials. • A highly graphitized carbon shell is fabricated by a DC arc-discharge plasma method. • The pseudo-capacitive behavior of Fe 2 O 3 @C electrode is obvious. • Strong electrochemical kinetics can significantly improved the rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive functions in primary school students. 90 right-handed students from China (Boys = 46; Girls = 44) participated in our study and were randomly separated into four groups: 20 in the control group (Con), 23 in the physical activity group (PA), 25 in the intellectual activity group (IA), 22 in the physical activity and intellectual activity group (PA + IA). The students in PA, IA and PA + IA group received aerobic exercise program lasted 40 min daily, 4 days a week for 16 weeks, regular physical activity in the PA group, intellectual activity in the IA group, physical activity couple with intellectual activity in the PA + IA group, respectively. All the students participate the experiment for body composition, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity, flexibility quality), executive functions and saliva analysis test before and after 16 weeks. There was no significant effect of 16 weeks different aerobic exercise interventions on body composition before and after exercise interventions among four groups in children (p > 0.05). The results were obtained by inter-group and intra-group comparisons that different exercise interventions (physical activity, intellectual activity, physical combine with intellectual activity), all can significantly improve physical fitness parameters (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity and flexibility quality), and executive functions parameters (inhibitory control, working memory, reaction time cognitive flexibility), as well as the concentration of saliva GH and IGF-I (p < 0.05) in children. Our experiment further demonstrated that the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways. Both physical and intellectual activity can effectively improve physical fitness and executive function in children, and the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Φ50 × 50 mm Nd, Ho: NaY 0.1 Gd 0.89 (WO 4) 2 crystals have been successfully grown by Czochralski. The crystal structure, doping concentration, thermal properties, fluorescence spectrum, emission cross section, fluorescence lifetime and energy transfer mechanism of Nd, Ho: NaY 0.1 Gd 0.89 (WO 4) 2 crystals have been systematically studied. The results show that the covalent bond effect of W–O bond makes NaY 0.1 Gd 0.89 (WO 4) 2 crystal have high doping ability. Low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent thermal conductivity reduce the possibility of dislocation defects. Under the excitation of 808 nm light source, a wide emission band at 2 μm is obtained. The absorption cross section, emission cross section and gain coefficient are obtained by absorption spectrum calculation. It shows that the incorporation of Y3+ ions can improve the luminous efficiency, widen the spectral line width and adjust the emission spectrum width. The low output pump threshold, high level lifetime and large absorption cross section of laser show great potential for high power laser systems. • The Nd,Ho:NaY0.1Gd0.89(WO4)2 crystal was successfully grown by Czochralski method with the size of Φ50x50mm. • The covalent bonding effect of W-O bonding gives NaY0.1Gd0.89(WO4)2 crystals a high doping ability. • The doping of Y3+ ions can improve the luminescence efficiency, broaden the optical spectral line width and regulate the emission spectrum width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a genetic syndrome that involves the development of tumors in numerous organs. The kidney is one of the most frequently affected organs, and patients with VHL and renal tumors require repeated nephrectomy. The present study aimed to further determine the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with VHL-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may allow more rational clinical treatment decisions. This study included 27 patients with VHL who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at the Peking University First Hospital between January 2010 and April 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. The expression of RCC-associated molecular markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The mean size of the renal tumors was 4.3±2.0 cm (range 1.3–9.5 cm). The pathological type in 26 cases (96.3%) was clear cell RCC (CCRCC), whereas only one patient was diagnosed with CCRCC and clear cell papillary RCC. Renal cysts with a clear cell lining were observed, and RCC cell clusters were scattered in renal cyst cavities. Among the 27 patients, 21 (77.8%) were diagnosed with stage IA/T1N0M0, according to Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging, and 16 (59.3%) had grade 1 tumors. The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 39.0±24.0 months (range, 1.7–96.5 months). No metastasis or VHL-associated mortality was observed. VHL-associated RCC is a relatively low-risk disease, and a tumor size of 4 cm was determined as a threshold for nephron-sparing surgery. In addition, to prevent tumor cell dispersion, renal cysts should be carefully treated. A comprehensive understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of RCC associated with VHL syndrome may improve patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The animal model of MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice (MRL/lpr; lupus-prone mice) showed depression-like behaviors based on tail suspension, sucrose preference, and open field tests. Brain microglia were significantly activated with obvious increases in proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that TNF-α activated microglia by upregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines. PDTC, a specific NF-κB inhibitor, effectively reduced TNF-α-mediated inflammatory signaling in microglia. These results suggest that TNF-α-induced microglial activation has a major role in neuroinflammation of SLE with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. However, their bioactivity depends on their release and intestinal uptake. Food matrix changes due to processing seem of critical importance to understand the effect of food processing on carotenoid bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Based on the observation of outstanding dissimilarities of the morphology of pigment-containing chromoplasts in carotenoid sources, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from edible portions of carrot, sweet potato, yellow bell pepper and broccoli was compared during hot air drying (HAD) in present study. The natural structural barriers and the other factor interact to govern the carotenoid bioaccessibility upon HAD. HAD resulted in cell wall disruption and induced an anticipated enhancement of carotenoid release in carrot and yellow bell pepper. Starch granules might be playing an important role in limiting carotenoid bioaccessibility in sweet potato. Small cell paired with denser cell walls might better protect the broccoli chloroplast against breakdown during HAD and digestion. Addition of lipid to dried samples during digestion had a marked positive effect on the bioaccessibility of individual carotenoid, although statistically significant values were not observed for HAD at different drying temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Co-digestion enhanced the protein and lipid digestibility of nuts. • Co-digestion improved the antioxidant activity of nuts both in vitro and in vivo. • The amino acid and fatty acid content in the mice increased after the mixed nuts diet. • Amino acid and fatty acid contents show positive correlation to antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the change of digestibility and antioxidant activity of protein and lipid after mixing walnuts, cashews, and pistachios using in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that mixed nuts significantly reduced the digested particle size and the degree of hydrolysis of protein and triacylglycerol compared to single nuts in vitro. As a consequence of co-digestion, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity for amino acids and fatty acids were increased by 1.12–1.87 fold and 1.62–3.81 fold, respectively. In vivo studies, the mixed nuts diet increased the concentration of amino acids and fatty acids in the small intestine by 27.69%–158.26% and 18.13%–152.09%, respectively, and enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and serum, all without causing weight gain. These findings highlight the positive interaction between single and mixed nuts, where mixed nuts enhanced the digestibility and antioxidant activity of single nuts both in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of different pretreatments on drying behavior and quality of taro slices during intermittent microwave vacuum-assisted drying were investigated. Taro slices were subjected to the following pretreatments: blanching (B), blanching and freezing (B + F), blanching and immersion in maltodextrin solution (B + M), and blanching and immersion in maltodextrin solution and freezing (B + M + F). The reduction in amylose content, the increase in amylose to amylopectin ratio, the change of mechanical properties, the increase in sample bulk density and reduction in sample porosity and structure collapse during pretreatment processes facilitated heat and moisture transfer and quality changes during drying of taro slices. During drying process, all the pretreatment reduced the drying time of samples. The drying rate included a warming-up period and a falling rate period. The values of effective moisture diffusivity increased gradually as the moisture content decreased. The B + M + F pretreatment had the shortest drying time, the highest drying rate and the biggest effective moisture diffusivity. Moreover, for B + M + F pretreatment, the parameters including hardness, crispness, color, and microstructure had remarkable changes as compared with the other pretreatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we fabricate cuprous oxides within the pores of zeolite Y by the ion exchange and liquid reduction (LR) strategy combined with the confined effect of micropores. First, Cu2+ ions are incorporated into the pores of zeolite Y through ion exchange, and then part of Cu2+ ions within the pores of zeolite Y are reduced to cuprous oxide by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. As-fabricated cuprous oxides within the confined pore of zeolite Y (Cu(I)–Y) adsorbent exhibits excellent adsorption desulfurization performance such as large breakthrough adsorption sulfur capacity of DBT (20.0 mg S g−1) and superior regeneration (15 cycles). The outstanding adsorption desulfurization performance could be attributed to the unique pore structure, proper pore sizes and π-complexation interaction between Cu(I) sites and aromatic sulfur compounds such as DBT and TP. Besides, the confined effect of pore for Cu(I)–Y also plays an important role in stabilizing Cu(I) sites in the micropores. This facile fabrication strategy combined with the size and confined effect of micropore for Cu(I)-zeolite adsorbent provides a new way for the composite of porous materials with various active sites. [Display omitted] • Part of Cu(Ⅱ) ions in pores of zeolite Y are reduced to Cu(Ⅰ) sites with the confined space of zeolite Y. • The Cu(I)–Y adsorbent possesses proper amount of Cu(I) active sites and appropriate pore size. • Cu(I)–Y adsorbent exhibits large breakthrough adsorption sulfur capacity and superior regeneration. • The outstanding adsorption performance is attributed to the π-complexation interaction and the confined effect of micropores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of thermal and low intensity ultrasound combined with heat (LIUH) pretreatment prior to microwave vacuum drying on enzyme inactivation, color changes and nutrition quality properties of dried daylilies were investigated. The peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) thermal and LIUH (0.2 and 0.4 W/cm 2 ) inactivation were determined and compared at 70, 80 and 90 °C. Significant reduction in the POD, AAO and PPO activity was seen in daylilies after an ambient LIUH pretreatment than thermal pretreatment. POD, AAO and PPO thermal and LIUH inactivation followed the first order kinetics. LIUH pretreatment had a more positive influence on maintaining color of dried daylilies than thermal pretreatment. Furthermore, LIUH pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in chlorophylls, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene), and a decrease in degree of browning and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) when compared with thermal pretreatment. The antioxidant activity and contents of several nutritional components of dried daylilies pretreated by LIUH were also higher than that of dried daylilies pretreated by thermal pretreatment. This study provides a basis for the design of LIUH conditions to control vegetables browning and color changes prior to drying processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of ultrasound as a pretreatment method prior to drying to improve the quality of button mushroom slices during both hot air drying and far infrared drying processes. The effects of ultrasound and blanching pretreatments upon drying were analyzed. The ultrasound frequency was 40 kHz, the power was 0.4 W/cm2, and the ultrasound energy was applied for 3 and 10 min, respectively. The ultrasound treatment caused reduction of the drying time by 9.5% in comparison to untreated samples. The drying kinetics of button mushroom slices were improved by ultrasound application, which involved an improvement of mass transfer coefficient and effective moisture diffusivity. The logarithmic model showed the best fit to the experimental drying data. For ultrasound treated samples, the parameters including hardness, crispness, rehydration ability, shrinkage, microstructure, and nutrient composition had remarkable changes compared with blanched and untreated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The degradation and isomerization of all-trans-zeaxanthin in a model system during illumination, in the absence or presence of iodine, were investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed using the C-30 column to separate all-trans-zeaxanthin and itscis-isomers. Three mono-cis-isomers and four di-cis-isomers were assigned by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS), namely, 15/15’-cis-, 13/13’-cis-, 9/9’-cis-13,15-di-cis-, 9,15-di-cis-, 9,13-di-cis-, and 9,9’-di-cis-zeaxanthin. 13/13’-cis- and 9, 13-di-cis-zeaxanthin were the majorcis-isomers of zeaxanthin formed during illumination. Di-cis-zeaxanthin was favored during illumination in the presence of iodine. The degradation of total amount of all-trans-zeaxanthin during illumination was found to fit a first-order model. The degradation rate of iodine-catalyzed photoisomerization of all-trans-zeaxanthin was faster than that of non-iodine-catalyzed photoisomerization. Isomerization and degradation of all-trans-zeaxanthin and itscis-isomers during illumination proceeded simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Femoral offset (FO) restoration plays an important role in improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients undergoing hip replacement. However, it is not given enough attention in revisions among patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFFs); instead, more attention is given to reduction, fixation of fractures and stabilizing prostheses. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FO restoration on the function of the hip joint in revisions of patients with PPFF of Vancouver B2. Moreover, we studied whether there is a difference in FO restoration between modular and nonmodular stems. Methods: A retrospective review of 20 patients with PPFF of Vancouver B2 revised with a tapered fluted modular titanium stem and 22 patients with PPFF of Vancouver B2 revised with a tapered fluted nonmodular titanium stem from 2016 to 2021 was conducted. Based on the difference between the FO of the affected side and that of the healthy side, 26 patients were allocated into Group A (difference ≤ 4 mm), and 16 patients were allocated into Group B (difference > 4 mm). The postoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS), range of motion of the hip joint, length of both lower limbs and dislocation were compared between Group A and Group B. The proportions of patients with FO restoration (difference ≤ 4 mm) and stem subsidence were compared between the modular and nonmodular groups. Results: The mean follow-up time was 34.3 ± 17.3 months, and all cases achieved fracture healing at the last visit. Patients in Group A had a higher HHS, larger range of abduction, fewer dislocations and less limb length discrepancy (LLD). Patients in the modular group had a higher proportion of FO restoration and less subsidence. Conclusion: FO restoration improves postoperative hip joint function and reduces dislocation and LLD in revisions of patients with PPFF of Vancouver B2. Compared with nonmodular prostheses, modular prostheses tend to be easier for FO restoration under complex circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics can be a double-edged sword. The application of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to the suppression of microorganisms in the human body without selective targeting, including numerous non-pathogenic microorganisms within the gut. As a result, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can occur. The gut microbiota is a vast and intricate ecosystem that has been connected with various illnesses. Significantly, the gut and liver function in a closely coupled anatomical and physiological relationship referred to as the "gut-liver axis". Consequently, metabolites stemming from the gut microbiota migrate via the portal vein to the liver, thereby influencing gene expression and proper physiological activity within the liver. This study aimed to investigate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota ecology and the disruption of gene expression resulting from oral antibiotics and their subsequent recovery. In the experiment, mice were tube-fed neomycin (0.5 mg/mL) and ampicillin (1 mg/mL) for 21 days (ABX group) to conduct 16s rRNA sequencing. By simultaneously analyzing public datasets PRJDB6615, which utilized the same antibiotics, it was found that nearly 50% of the total microbiota abundance was attributed to the f__Lactobacillaceae family. Additionally, datasets GSE154465 and GSE159761, using the same antibiotics, were used to screen for differentially expressed genes pre-and post-antibiotic treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to evaluate gene expression levels before and after antibiotic treatment. It was discovered that oral antibiotics significantly disrupted gene expression in the gut and liver, likely due to the dysregulation of the gut microbiota ecology. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was found to be an effective method for restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis. To further enhance the restoration of gut microbiota and gene expression, an antioxidant, vitamin C, was added to the FMT process to counteract the oxidative effect of antibiotics on microorganisms. The results showed that FMTs with vitamin C were more effective in restoring gut microbiota and gene expression to the level of the fecal transplant donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitization of Ho3+ ions by Yb3+ ions has been widely studied in traditional up-conversion luminescence materials and has been reported in many studies. This paper aims to further improve the up-conversion luminescence intensity by doping Mg2+ ions, and this enhancement was analyzed by Judd-Ofelt theory. Using the fluorescence intensity ratio method, temperature sensing performance of the phosphor was observed when the temperature was between 323 K and 523 K. Compared with previously reported materials, this phosphor displays excellent temperature sensitivity. The NaY(MoO 4) 2 : Ho3+/Yb3+/Mg2+ phosphor shows good color purity and high up-conversion luminescence intensity, showing broad application prospects for intense green light generation, optical devices, and temperature sensors. • The doping of Mg2+ ions will reduce the symmetry of the local environment around Ho3+ ions. • After doping with Mg2+ ions, the green up-conversion emission intensity of NaY(MoO 4) 2 : Ho3+/Yb3+ phosphor has been greatly improved. • NaY(MoO 4) 2 : Ho3+/Yb3+/Mg2+ phosphor for more efficient temperature sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CeF 3 : Tb3+, Eu3+, and CeF 3 : Tb3+, Dy3+ nanoparticles with different Tb3+ ion doping concentrations were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, surface functional groups, fluorescence properties and fluorescence lifetime of nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that the CeF 3 : Tb3+, Eu3+, and CeF 3 : Tb3+, Dy3+ nanoparticles synthesized with the doping concentration of Tb3+ at 6 mol% exhibit the best luminescence intensity. The emission spectrum of CeF 3 : Tb3+, Eu3+ nanoparticles showed typical green light emission and red emission, and the obvious Ce3+→Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer process. The emission spectrum of CeF 3 : Tb3+, Dy3+ nanoparticles showed green light emission, and the Dy3+→Tb3+ energy transfer process. These studies are expected to expand the potential applications of CeF 3 in solid-state lighting and fluorescent displays. [Display omitted] • Hydrothermal synthesis of CeF 3 nanoparticles doped with RE3+ (Tb3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, Dy3+) ions have been successfully. • When CeF 3 : Tb3+, Eu3+ were excited, they showed green and red emission, and Ce3+→Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer process. • When CeF 3 : Tb3+, Dy3+ were excited, green emission was observed, and Dy3+→Tb3+ energy transfer process existed. • CeF 3 : Tb3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, Dy3+ nanoparticles have high energy transfer efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, which has a complex mechanism. The gastrointestinal tract is commonly the first organ affected by sepsis, but intestinal disease itself can also induce sepsis. Roflumilast has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects and, thus, the present study sought to examine its effect on intestinal damage caused by sepsis. In vivo studies were conducted using cecal ligation and puncture rat models, and in vitro experiments were performed using IEC-6 cells. The intestinal cells were first induced with lipopolysaccharide and the induced cells were then treated with roflumilast to evaluate its effects on phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 expression, intestinal function indices, release of inflammatory factors and cell apoptosis. The expression level of PDE4 in the small intestinal tissue of septic rats was found to be significantly higher compared with that in the normal group, suggesting that PDE4 may play a key role in intestinal injury caused by sepsis. It was found that roflumilast reduced PDE4 expression, as well as the levels of intestinal function indices, including lactate dehydrogenase, diamino oxidase and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, in intestinal cells. Moreover, roflumilast reduced cellular damage, the release of inflammatory factors and apoptosis. In summary, the findings of the present study indicated that roflumilast can relieve the inflammation and apoptosis of intestinal cells caused by sepsis and can promote their functional recovery. These findings may promote the expansion of the clinical application of roflumilast in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the impact of fucoidan, a fucose-rich polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, in induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. It highlights the role of low-molecular-weight fucoidan through calcium- and caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathways in induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Photographs depicting effect of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) on the growth and viability of MDA-MB-231 cells are also presented.

The high-frequency circuit model of potential and current transformers (PT/CTs) is indispensable in simulating the voltage stress in secondary circuits through the stray capacitances of the PT/CT particularly caused by the very fast transient overvoltages in gas-insulated subsystems. This paper presents a systematic methodology for establishing the high-frequency (0.1 to 11 MHz) circuit model of PTs based on the scattering parameters. First, the two-port S parameters of the PT are transformed into the Y parameters so that the equivalent π circuit model can be established. Second, the vector-fitting code is used to approximate the admittances of the equivalent π circuit model by rational functions consisting of real as well as complex conjugate poles and residues. At last, a circuit synthesis method for the rational functions is applied to build the circuit model. The proposed method is general and robust. The simulation and measurement results are presented, confirming the validity of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a lightweight and highly insulating composite material, epoxy resin syntactic foam is increasingly widely used for insulation filling in electrical equipment. To avoid core burning and cracking, which are prone to occur during the casting process, the epoxy resin-based syntactic foam insulation materials with high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion are required for composite insulation equipment. The review is divided into three sections concentrating on the two main aspects of modifying the thermal properties of syntactic foam. The mechanism and models, from the aspects of thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, are presented in the first part. The second part aims to better understand the methods for modifying the thermal properties of syntactic foam by adding functional fillers, including the addition of thermally conductive particles, hollow glass microspheres, negative thermal expansion filler and fibers, etc. The third part concludes by describing the existing challenges in this research field and expanding the applicable areas of epoxy resin-based syntactic foam insulation materials, especially cross-arm composite insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate the role of an external electric field in modulating the spectrum and electronic structure behavior of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) and its physical mechanisms. Through theoretical studies, it is found that the external electric field can drive the relative positions of the conduction band and valence band to some extent. The difference of electric field strength and direction can reduce the original conduction band, and through the Fermi energy level, the band is significantly influenced by the tunable electric field and also increases the density of states of the valence band passing through the Fermi level. Under these two effects, the valence and conduction bands can alternately fold, causing drastic changes in spectrum behavior. In turn, the plasmon spectrum of TBG varies from semiconductor to metal. The dielectric function of TBG can exhibit plasmon resonance in a certain range of infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of ultrasound (US) pretreatment on natural structure modification from broccoli were investigated, and the influences of the modification on the bioaccessibility and cellular uptake efficiency of bioactive compounds were analyzed. US treated broccoli showed significant cell wall and cellular matrix degradation, which could be mainly responsible for the release of bioactive compounds from broccoli cells. Data from digested broccoli fractions showed that US pretreatment resulted in decrease of viscosity of the digesta, which could be partially responsible for the release of bioactive compounds from the digesta into the supernatant. High bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds appeared to be somewhat a similar high cellular uptake. The reduction of the particle size upon US pretreatment might be contributed to the increased carotenoid cellular uptake. These data indicated that US pretreatment may be considered as a potential processing method for improving the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. • US pretreatment resulted in cell wall degradation and cellular matrix destruction. • US pretreatment decreased the digesta viscosity and particles size of digested fractitons. • US pretreatment improved bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of bioactive compounds in broccoli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon is one of ideal anode materials for next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, it suffers from a huge volume variation in lithiation/delithiation cycling, and its low conductivity also greatly baffles its far-ranging applications. In this work, novel core-shell structural nanoparticles (NPs), with ceramic Si 3 N 4 shell coated monocrystal Si core, are successfully fabricated through isochronous nitrification within the in situ high-temperature arc plasma. The conductive graphene matrix is introduced into the (Si@Si 3 N 4)/graphene (Gr) nanocomposites (NCs) by a spray-drying process and subsequent thermal treatment. It is indicated that the Si 3 N 4 coating is favorable to the formation of an ionically conductive Li 3 N phase contained in SEI films, which protects the Si core from breakage and pulverization during cycling. Combination of the graphene matrix can lead to significant enhancement of the electrical conductivity, thus the electrode exhibits superior electrochemical activities, cycling stability and rate capability. The (Si@Si 3 N 4)/Gr NCs are verified to own great potential as the high-performance anode material for LIBs. • Si@Si 3 N 4 nanoparticle is realized by isochronous nitrification within arc plasma. • The (Si@Si 3 N 4)/graphene nanocomposite is prepared via spray drying and annealing. • Si 3 N 4 shell favors to the ionic conductive Li 3 N in SEI and protects the Si cores. • Graphene matrix improves electrical conductivity and electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-based alloy ingots are a highly promising material for on-demand hydrogen supply. However, the use of Sn in them restricts the recovery and reuse of alloying elements, and also decreases the purity of byproducts, resulting in a significant increase in the application cost. Herein, a series of Sn-free ternary Al-alloys are prepared and their hydrogen production performance are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the Sn-free Al-Ga-In alloys maintain good hydrogen production performance, and the hydrolysis reaction is more stable and sustained than that of Al-Ga-In-Sn alloys. As the optimized formula, the 94Al-4.73Ga-1.27In alloy exhibits a high hydrogen conversion efficiency of 97.3% and an extremely stable average hydrogen production rate of 0.01423 L/min at 50 °C. In addition, a semi-coherent phase boundary-derived activation mechanism during Al hydrolysis was proposed. This study opens up a prospect for the development and large-scale using of recyclable Al-based on-demand hydrogen supply materials. [Display omitted] • Recyclable Sn-free Al-based alloys are developed for on-demand hydrogen supply. • Optimized alloys show stable H 2 production rate and achieve 97.3% energy conversion. • The hydrolysis reaction of Sn-free Al alloys is activated by the liquid phase. • Semi-coherent phase boundaries promote the hydrolysis reaction of alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have played an important role in areas such as smart healthcare, smart skin, and wearable devices. This paper presents the fabrication of flexible sensors based on LIG technology and their applications in human–computer interaction (HCI) systems. Firstly, LIG with a sheet resistance as low as 4.5 Ω per square was generated through direct laser interaction with commercial polyimide (PI) film. The flexible sensors were then fabricated through a one-step method using the as-prepared LIG. The applications of the flexible sensors were demonstrated by an HCI system, which was fabricated through the integration of the flexible sensors and a flexible glove. The as-prepared HCI system could detect the bending motions of different fingers and translate them into the movements of the mouse on the computer screen. At the end of the paper, a demonstration of the HCI system is presented in which words were typed on a computer screen through the bending motion of the fingers. The newly designed LIG-based flexible HCI system can be used by persons with limited mobility to control a virtual keyboard or mouse pointer, thus enhancing their accessibility and independence in the digital realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a risk of iron overload in grazing livestock. However, the effects on nutrient absorption and rumen function induced by excessive iron have not been well understood. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of over‐load iron on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in sheep. Twenty‐four German Mutton Merino cross‐bred sheep with weight (42.66 ± 2.34 kg BW) were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 1 sheep per replicate. The basal diet consisted of 60% Leymus chinensis hay and 40% concentrate. The sheep in 4 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (Control), 500 (T1), 1,000 (T2) and 1,500 (T3) mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate monohydrate (FeSO4·H2O) respectively. And the actual contents of iron in the diet were determined to be 457.68 (control), 816.42 (T1), 1,256.78 (T2) and 1,725.63 (T3) mg/kg respectively. The experiment lasted 62 days including a 7‐day metabolism trial. During the whole experiment, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre showed a quadratic increase with increasing over‐load iron levels (p <.05), and maximum responses were found with 500 mg/kg supplementation. However, the response of total VFA concentration showed a quadratic decrease, as did the concentrations of propionate, butyrate and valerate (p <.05). Serum total iron‐binding capacity on day 30 showed a quadratic decrease with the increase in high‐dose iron, while the serum iron content increased linearly at day 60 (p <.05). Excessive iron resulted in the change in bacterial communities. An increase in over‐load iron linearly decreased the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes (p <.05), but linearly increased the Firmicutes (p =.037) and Proteobacteria (p =.018). In addition, there was a quadratic effect (p =.003) on the Fibrobacteres, which was higher in the 500 and 1,000 mg/kg Fe‐supplemented groups. At the genus level, there were quadratic effects on the abundances of Selenomonas_1 (p =.023) and Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014 (p =.016). Furthermore, feeding of iron linearly increased the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG‐002 (p <.05). These results indicate that increasing ferrous sulphate monohydrate in diets had no negative impact on the growth performance, but it changed nutrient digestibility, blood iron parameters, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, the wavy ocean surface is a common polarizer, which can change the polarization state of incident light by refraction and reflection and form a new polarization pattern different from the atmosphere. In this paper, we establish the polarized optical transmission model of wavy ocean surface reflection and refraction and simulate polarization patterns induced by wavy ocean surfaces. We study the polarization patterns reflected by wavy water surfaces and polarization patterns inside and outside Snell's window under wavy ocean surfaces. The correctness of the simulation results is verified by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The environmental factors affecting the corresponding polarization patterns are discussed. Through contrastive analysis, we find that polarization patterns induced by wavy water surfaces are predictable and regular, which has great potential for human application. This kind of polarization pattern is influenced by the sun's position and water surface condition. The study will promote the development of remote sensing, target detection, and polarization navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By correcting the photon area factor (PAF) to suit the structure of the spacer and redefining the effective ionization region of the process of negative corona onset, a physical model for the calculation of COG of AC spacers is established. The validity and practicability of the established physical model are validated by the corona onset test results of spacers in both low‐altitude and high‐altitude areas. The numerical results pertaining to PAF and effective ionization region are consistent with the theoretical analysis. With the established physical model as a basis, the COG of the spacer is calculated under different geometrical structure parameters and ambient conditions. The results imply that changing the curvature of the spacer edge has a more significant impact on the COG of the AC spacer than changing the curvature of the spacer end and thickness H. The decrease in the length of the ionization region and the rapid attenuation of spatial electric field intensity of the spacer with smaller geometric parameters lead to an increase in the COG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Carbon-coated Si nanosheets (Si NSs@C) nanocomposites with different carbon contents are successfully controlled and synthesized by the method of DC arc-discharge plasma, followed by phenolic resin pyrolysis at high temperature. The electrochemical performances of these nanocomposites as the anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are investigated. The Si NSs with an average size of 31 nm and a thickness of 2.4 nm are surrounded by phenolic resin-derived amorphous carbon, forming a cladding structure. In the nanocomposites, Si NSs play a leading role in the reaction with Li+ ions, while the amorphous carbon mainly provides a highly conductive matrix for good contact among Si NSs active phases, which further facilitates the diffusion and transport of Li+ ions and electrons. The carbon matrix can also protect Si NSs from direct contact with the electrolyte, to ensure the formation of stable SEI films in cycles. Electrochemical performances indicate that the Si NSs@C nanocomposite electrode with the carbon content of 66.4 wt% delivers a stable discharge specific capacity of 822 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and a better rate capability, confirming the predominant role of the controlled carbon content in the enhancement of the cycling stability of such Si-based anodes for LIBs. Highlights • 2-dimensional Si nanosheets (NSs) are in-situ synthesized by arc-discharge plasma. • Si NSs@C nanocomposites are prepared via the high temperature pyrolysis technique. • Various amount of phenolic resin is introduced to control coating layer thickness. • Amorphous carbon plays dual roles as the buffer matrix and conductive frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hot air drying (HAD), low power intermittent microwave vacuum drying (LPIMVD), and high power intermittent microwave vacuum drying (HPIMVD) were combined to dry taro slices. Microwave-only drying showed the highest drying rate, but the worst drying uniformity. Combined HAD and microwave drying improved uniformity and quality (color, ascorbic acid content, texture) of dried products. Taro slices dried by HAD + HPIMVD + LPIMVD showed high L* value, ascorbic acid content, and suitable texture. Furthermore, the drying time was reduced by 62.5%, as compared to IMVD + HAD. For HAD + HPIMVD + LPIMVD, the surface moisture evaporated during the HAD process, this may contribute to improve texture of samples and uniformity of temperature distribution during the subsequent microwave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a 3D scoring system of tumor anatomy and intrarenal relationship for assessing surgical complexity and outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with a renal tumor who had a 3D model and underwent RAPN between Mar 2019 and Mar 2022. The ADDD nephrometry consisted of the contact surface area between tumor and parenchyma (A), the depth of tumor invasion into the renal parenchyma (D1), the distance from tumor to the main intrarenal artery (D2), and to the collecting system (D3). The primary outcomes included perioperative complication rate and trifecta outcome (WIT ≤ 25 min, negative surgical margins, and no major complications). Results: We enrolled a total of 301 patients. The mean tumor size was 2.93 ± 1.44 cm. There were 104 (34.6%) patients, 119 (39.5%) patients, and 78 (25.9%) patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Each point increase in the ADDD score increased the risk of complications [hazard ratio (HR) 1.501]. A lower grade indicated a lower risk of failed trifecta (HR low group 15.103, intermediate group 9.258) and renal function damage (HR low risk 8.320, intermediate risk 3.165) compared to the high-risk group. The AUC of ADDD score and grade were 0.738 and 0.645 for predicting major complications, 0.766 and 0.714 for predicting trifecta outcome, and 0.746 and 0.730 for predicting postoperative renal function reservation. Conclusion: The 3D-ADDD scoring system shows the tumor anatomy and its intraparenchymal relationships and has better efficacy in predicting surgical outcomes of RAPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure, and males are more likely to suffer from DCM than females. This research aimed at exploring possible DCM-associated genes and their latent regulatory effects in female and male patients. WGCNA analysis found that in the yellow module, 341 and 367 key DEGs were identified in females and males, respectively. A total of 22 hub genes in females and 17 hub genes in males were identified from the PPI networks of the key DEGs based on Metascape database. And twelve and eight potential TFs of the key DEGs were also identified in females and males, respectively. Eight miRNAs of 15 key DEGs were screened in both females and males, which may be differentially expressed in females and males. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-21-5P could directly target the key gene MATN2. Furthermore, Sex differences in KEGG pathways were identified. Both KOBAS and GSEA analysis identified 19 significantly enriched pathways related to immune response in both females and males, and the TGF-β signaling pathway was exclusively identified in males. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that seven key DEGs were potential targets for the treatment of DCM, of which the OLR1 gene was only identified in males, the expression levels of the seven genes were verified by RT-PCR. The above results could offer a novel understanding of sex differences in key genes and pathways in DCM progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the composition and form of carotenoids in typical fruits and vegetables obtained through saponification or non‐saponification and evaluates the correlation between carotenoids and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the content of the total carotenoids in non‐saponified broccoli was the highest, reaching 1505.93 ± 71.99 µg/g d.w. The content of the total carotenoids in pumpkin flesh and broccoli after saponification was reduced by 71.82% and 52.02%, respectively. The content of lutein in spinach decreased by 24.4% after saponification, but the content of β‐carotene increased compared to non‐saponification. After saponification, the total antioxidant activities of apple peel, radish peel, radish flesh, and maize were significantly increased by 30.26%, 91.74%, 425.30%, and 242.88%, respectively. Saponification also improved the antioxidant activities of carotenoids in maize under six different antioxidant assays. The highest correlation was found between the total amount of carotenoids and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (R = 0.945), whereas the correlation coefficients among reducing power, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, and total carotenoids' content were 0.935, 0.851, 0.872, 0.885, and 0.777, respectively, all showing significant correlations. The study demonstrates that saponification can increase the total carotenoid content and antioxidation for apple peel, radish peel, radish flesh, and maize. Moreover, carotenoids were significantly positively correlated with most in vitro antioxidant assays. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the postharvest added value of fruits and vegetables and rationally utilizing their byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed using the KangDuo surgical robot system to the da Vinci Si robotic system in clinically localized prostate cancer (KD-RARP vs DV-RARP). Methods: A total of 16 patients underwent extraperitoneal KD-RARP performed by a single experienced surgeon using the KangDuo surgical robot system between May 2021 and August 2021. The data were prospectively collected. The most recent 16 cases of extraperitoneal DV-RARP performed in 2021 by the same surgeon were selected from a prospectively maintained database for comparison to prevent operator variability. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of basic clinical characteristics. All operations were performed successfully without open or traditional laparoscopic conversion. KD-RARP had a significantly longer operation time compared with DV-RARP (127 [107–159] vs 70.5 [54–90] minutes, p < 0.001). No significant differences between the two groups were observed in neurovascular bundle sparing, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay duration, complications, positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, and continence recovery 3 months after catheter removal. Conclusions: RARP using the KangDuo surgical robot system achieved similar short-term oncological and functional outcomes with a disadvantage in operation time compared with the da Vinci Si robotic system. A multicenter randomized clinical trial with a larger sample size is needed for more experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]