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RAM target has complex motion, which puts forward higher requirements for tracking system. Aiming at particle degradation and other problems existing in the process of particle filter solving RAM target tracking, this paper calculates the posterior probability density function as the prior probability density function of the particle filter through unscented transformation, so as to improve the fitting degree of the posterior probability density function and finally improve the particle effectiveness. At the same time, qr decomposition is used to replace part of Cholesky decomposition in the process of unscented transformation, so that the variance matrix of the output signal remains non-negative. Finally, this paper establishes a dynamic model for a reentry target trajectory, and simulates with Matlab to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

To accelerate the construction of secure, green, and intelligent granaries and to enhance the level of modern management, green grain storage technologies have ushered in new developments under the backdrop of technological empowerment and the vigorous development of new production forces. This study took Wuhan National Rice Trading Center Co., Ltd. as an example reviewed and evaluated three new temperature control technologies, including photovoltaic off grid power supply technology air conditioning system, vertical thermal cortex temperature control technology in grain silos, zero energy radiation refrigeration technology, and three new insect control and insecticidal technologies by using spinosad, S-methoprene or food grade inert powder. Additionally, it was recommended to take the thermal insulation and cold insulation measures of the warehouse as the basis for the transformation of quasi low temperature warehouses, and use green grain storage technologies as the main means, such as air conditioning temperature control technology or modified atmosphere storage technology. The above new green grain storage technologies should be comprehensively applied to meet the requirements of quasi low temperature grain storage, non-fumigation grain storage, and smart grain storage. This study aimed to provide relevant references for grain storage enterprises to carry out research on the application of green grain storage new technologies.

The cybersecurity field lacks sufficient annotated data for event recognition, and the scenarios and semantics are complex, making it difficult to construct accurate event recognition models. A few-shot cybersecurity event detection method by data augmentation with prompting question answering was proposed. Firstly, event representation knowledge was obtained using prompt information and combined with label words to map cybersecurity event types. New data was generated from unlabeled text to expand the training data. Then, the generated high-confidence pseudo-annotated instances and raw data were used to fine-tune the model to enhance its semantic understanding of cybersecurity events. Experimental verification was conducted on two datasets in cybersecurity. The result showes that the proposed method’s substantial superiority in low-resource network security event detection tasks compared to other baseline methods.

Protein O-glycosylation, also known as mucin-type O-glycosylation, is one of the most abundant glycosylation in mammalian cells. It is initially catalyzed by a family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts). The trimeric spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is highly glycosylated and facilitates the virus’s entry into host cells and membrane fusion of the virus. However, the functions and relationship between host ppGalNAc-Ts and O-glycosylation on the S protein remain unclear. Herein, we identify 15 O-glycosites and 10 distinct O-glycan structures on the S protein using an HCD-product-dependent triggered ETD mass spectrometric analysis. We observe that the isoenzyme T6 of ppGalNAc-Ts (ppGalNAc-T6) exhibits high O-glycosylation activity for the S protein, as demonstrated by an on-chip catalytic assay. Overexpression of ppGalNAc-T6 in HEK293 cells significantly enhances the O-glycosylation level of the S protein, not only by adding new O-glycosites but also by increasing O-glycan heterogeneity. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that O-glycosylation on the protomer-interface regions, modified by ppGalNAc-T6, potentially stabilizes the trimeric S protein structure by establishing hydrogen bonds and non-polar interactions between adjacent protomers. Furthermore, mutation frequency analysis indicates that most O-glycosites of the S protein are conserved during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Taken together, our finding demonstrate that host O-glycosyltransferases dynamically regulate the O-glycosylation of the S protein, which may influence the trimeric structural stability of the protein. This work provides structural insights into the functional role of specific host O-glycosyltransferases in regulating the O-glycosylation of viral envelope proteins.

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among social workers during the prolonged battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the associated risk factors.MethodsUsing a stratified cluster sampling method, we selected all social workers in the five streets of Chaoyang District, Beijing(Jiuxianqiao, Wangjing, Taiyanggong, Shibalidian, Sunhe) from November 2021 to March 2022 as the study population(social worker group), and the frontline medical staffs(medical professional group) of the same age range of the corresponding community hospitals of the same five streets, and the community residents(resident group) as the control population. The ratio of the social worker group, medical professional group, and resident group was 1∶1∶1. The Sojump platform was used to send electronic questionnaires to the wechat groups of social workers, healthcare workers, and community residents to carry out the survey. The screen positive rates for anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders were compared among the 3 groups. Multifactorial Logistic regression and decision tree were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers.ResultsA total of 954 questionnaires were collected, of which 62 were disqualified and excluded. Finally, 892 valid questionnaires(93.5%) were included for data analysis. Among them, there were 372 questionnaires(41.7%) from the social worker group, 262(29.4%) from the medical professional group, and 258(28.9%) from the resident group. The prevalences of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers group were found to be 15.3%, 22.0%, and 48.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the medical professional group(7.6%, 10.3%, and 30.5%) and the resident group(7.0%, 8.5%, and 29.5%), all P < 0.001. Multiple Logistic regression showed that family burden(OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.96) and Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS) score(OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.24-1.45) were independent influencing factors for anxiety among social workers; CPSS score(OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.20-1.39) and social support rating scale(SSRS) score(OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00) were independent influencing factors for depression among social workers; family history of mental illness(OR=4.91, 95% CI: 1.27-18.94), CPSS score(OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.27), and SSRS score(OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98) were independent influencing factors for sleep disorders among social workers. The results of decision tree analysis were consistent with those of multiple Logistic regression analysis. Family burden, CPSS score, and SSRS score were important variables affecting the mental health of social workers, among which CPSS score was strongly associated with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among social workers.ConclusionsSocial workers exhibited significant levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders during the long-term pandemic prevention, with CPSS being the most significant influencing factor.

[Objective] This study was aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics of supply-demand balance of ecosystem services, and further to explore the dual effects and influencing mechanisms of land use change on the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services. [Methods] Taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area and seleting 2000— 2018 as the research period, the quantitative matrix of supply-demand of ecosystem services was employed to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the supply-demand balance of ecosystem service, and the ecological contribution rate of land use change was introduced to analyze the influencing mechanisms of land use change on the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services. [Results] (1) During the study period, the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had been continuously deteriorating, which was mainly caused by the large-scale expansion of construction land and the large-scale reduction of cultivated land and forest land, resulting in the decrease of supply capacity and the increase of consumption demand of ecosystem services. (2) The relationship between different supply of ecosystem services had changed from trade-off to synergy in time scale, and the synergy between different demand and supply-demand balance of ecosystem services had been further enhanced on the time scale, but the trade-off or synergy between supply, demand, and supply-demand balance was highly heterogeneous on the spatial scale. (3) Land use change in the MRYR had dual effects on the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services, and the deterioration effect was significantly larger than the improvement effect, but the types of land use change that cause the improvement and deterioration of supply-demand of ecosystem services and their sub-services had temporal heterogeneity. [Conclusion] Promote types of land use change that could improve the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services; promote types of land use change that are compatible with key ecosystem services; and curb types of land use change that would worsen the supply-demand balance of ecosystem services, in order to increase the sustainability of ecosystem services and improve the quality of the ecological environment.

Adverse cardiac mechanical remodeling is critical for the progression of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). We previously demonstrated the involvement of RIP3-mediated necroptosis in the loss of functional cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Herein, we investigated the role of RIP3 in NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammation and evaluated the effects of RIP3 knockdown on myocardial mechanics and functional changes after MI. Our findings revealed that mice with MI for 4 weeks exhibited impaired left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics, as evidenced by a significant decrease in strain and strain rate in each segment of the LV wall during both systole and diastole. However, RIP3 knockdown ameliorated cardiac dysfunction by improving LV myocardial mechanics not only in the anterior wall but also in other remote nonischemic segments of the LV wall. Mechanistically, knockdown of RIP3 effectively inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NLRP3 pathway, reduced the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the heart tissues, and mitigated adverse cardiac remodeling following MI. These results suggest that downregulation of RIP3 holds promise for preventing myocardial inflammation and cardiac mechanical remodeling following MI by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective To summarize the nursing cooperation of 62 patients undergoing Da Vinci robotic partial nephrectomy through retroperitoneal approach, and to provide reference for the formulation of standardized nursing coordination for this operation. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients who underwent Da Vinci robotic partial nephrectomy through retroperitoneal approach were retrospectively analyzed, the satisfaction of doctors and patients with nurses in the operating room was evaluated respectively, and the key points of perioperative nursing coordination were summarized. Results Totally 62 patients successfully completed the operation according to plan, no conversion to laparotomy, no change of operation mode, no serious complications occurred. The satisfaction of doctors (100. 00%) and patients(98. 39%) with operating room nurses was ideal. Conclusion Da Vinci partial nephrectomy through retroperitoneal approach has the advantages of safety and simplicity. Perfect preoperative nursing preparation and intraoperative nursing cooperation, especially special postural nursing play an important role in ensuring the smooth operation and preventing surgical complications. (目的 总结经后腹腔入路行达芬奇机器人肾部分切除术的手术护理配合要点, 以为制定该手术标准化护理配合提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年09月—2022年12月行后腹腔入路达芬奇机器人肾部分切除术的62 例患者的相关临床资料, 总结围手术期护理配合要点。结果 62例患者均顺利按计划完成手术, 无中转开腹, 未改变手术方式, 无严重并发症发生; 医生对手术室护士的满意度100. 00%(62/62), 患者对手术室护理满意度98. 39%(61/62)。结论 经后腹腔入路行达芬奇肾部分切除术具有安全、简便等优点, 完善的术前护理准备、术中护理配合特别是特殊的体位护理在保证手术顺利进行、预防手术并发症方面具有重要作用。)

Closed circulating water system is used in automobile welding workshop to cool the main equipment such as welding equipment. The process flow and problems of the closed circulating water system were researched and analyzed. In response to the problems, three measures such as improving the circulating water quality, setting up exhaust valves in the main pipes, exchanging the air control valves for the independently design and optimize ones and regularly inspecting them were implemented. The results showed that the adopted measures effectively reduced the amount of suspended solids in circulating water from the highest 720 g in a quarter to 32 g, reduced the influence of air-water mixture and the circulating water discharged to remove suspended solids and air, which led to reduce the average daily water recharge from the highest 15.8 t to the lowest 0.5 t, on more than 2 t, reduced the equipment damage rate caused by the circulating water system, ensured the equipment start-up rate with the cumulative shutdown time reducing from 2 514 min in 2019 to 73 min in 2022.

Xinjiang is an important area linking China with Central Asia and Europe, and is a vital land pivot point of China's "One Belt, One Road". As the number of flights increases year by year, the control pressure in Xinjiang control area increases year by year, and the problems of uneven load distribution and increasing conflict points in the sector are becoming more and more serious. In this paper, the traffic growth of the Xinjiang control region in 2035is predicted in the light of the development requirements of China's "One Belt, One Road" and "Air Silk Road", and then a capacity assessment of the current sector classification scheme is conducted based on the controllers' workload. Finally, computer simulation technology is used to evaluate the sector designation scheme in 2035. The results show that the new sector division can effectively reduce peak day traffic and peak hour traffic. Through reasonable division of sectors with high controller load, the control pressure has also been significantly alleviated.

Green pellet pressing is critical step in the preparation of oxide ceramic fuel that decides density, strength and microstructure of green pellets and pellets. The medium mode floating pressing properties of calcined alumina and Comeo alumina powder were compared, and the causes and solving measures of green pellets appearance defects were studied. The results show that the density of calcined alumina compact is much higher than that of Comeo alumina compact, but the strength of calcined alumina compact is much lower than that of Comeo alumina compact. The formability and compressibility of Comeo alumina and calcined alumina are opposite. With the increase of pressing pressure, the density and strength of Comeo alumina green pellets and calcined alumina green pellets gradually increase, but the influence of the properties of pressing powder on the density and strength is greater than the pressing parameters. The pressing curves of Comeo alumina green pellets and calcined alumina green pellets accord well with Huang Peiyun's double logarithm equation. Alumina is an inelastic compression in the pressing process, and there are work hardening and friction in the medium die. The density and strength of green pellets are related to powder strength, powder morphology and pressing pressure, but have nothing to do with pressing time, reducing time and demoulding pressure. With the increase of pressing pressure, the number of capping, blasting and crushing of calcined alumina green pellets decreases, and with the increase of demoulding maintenance pressure, the number of lid, blasting and crushing increases, and the degree of crushing deepens. Increasing the pressing pressure and decreasing the demoulding maintenance pressure are beneficial to reduce the defects such as lid dropping, head blasting and crushing, and when the pressure is 160 kN, macroscopic cracks appear on the surface of the green pellets. The low addition of zinc stearate makes the friction phenomenon of the medium die serious, resulting in side scratches and cracks. Zinc stearate plays the role of lubrication of the inner wall of the middle mold in the pressing stage. The sintering experiments show that the density of the pellet decreases gradually with the increase of zinc stearate addition, and the porosity of the pellet increases obviously. Zinc stearate acts as a pore-forming agent in the sintering stage. So when adding zinc stearatethe role of lubrication and pore-making should be considered at the same time.

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of environmental sediment（CMAS molten salt）on different YO1.5-doped zirconia coatings（8YSZ, 38YSZ and 55YSZ）sprayed by atmospheric plasma at 1300 ℃ have been systematically studied. The results show that the 8YSZ coating has severe CMAS corrosion. At the matrix/CMAS interface, non-protective C-ZrO2 containing Ca and low Y content is formed by dissolution-reprecipitation, accompanied by obvious grain boundary corrosion. For 38YSZ and 55YSZ coatings containing high YO1.5 doping content, along with the reaction, in addition to spherical C-ZrO2, protective products of apatite and garnet are also formed, which can effectively prevent further erosion of CMAS molten salt. Moreover, 55YSZ coating shows better resistance to CMAS molten salt corrosion than 38YSZ coating. From the optical basicity perspective, the higher the YO1.5 content, the higher the reactivity between coating and CMAS molten salt, the easier it is to generate stable products in CMAS molten salt. From the reaction process analysis, high YO1.5 content can promote Y3+ in CMAS molten salt saturation, and then generate more stable, continuous phase（such as apatite, garnet）, avoid matrix material and CMAS molten salt further contact and reaction, thus improving the corrosion resistance of CMAS.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly fatal malignancy with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Currently, gemcitabine-based systemic chemotherapy is the main clinical therapeutic regimen; however, its efficacy is poor, and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we use a Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyser to measure glycolysis capacity (extracellular acidification rate, ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The glucose uptake or lactic acid content is detected, and the effects of saikosaponin D, an active compound derived from Bupleuri Radix (a traditional Chinese medicine for soothing the liver and relieving depression), on gemcitabine cytotoxicity in norepinephrine-stimulated iCCA cells are analysed. We find that adrenergic signaling plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced therapeutic resistance in iCCA. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) enhance the proliferation of iCCA cells and interfere with the response to gemcitabine through activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Furthermore, we find that NE upregulates the expressions of several drug efflux-related genes (such as ABCG2 and MDR1) and promotes glycolysis in iCCA cells. In addition, saikosaponin D reverses the poor response of iCCA cells to gemcitabine by downregulating ADRB2 level. Furthermore, saikosaponin D inhibits drug efflux and glycolysis in iCCA cells by regulating the expressions of MDR1, ABCG2, HK2, and GLUT1. Collectively, saikosaponin D enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine by controlling glucose metabolism and drug efflux by inhibiting the ADRB2 signaling. Therefore, the combination of saikosaponin D and gemcitabine may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of iCCA.

The vulnerability assessment method is mainly used to explore the security process of a system, with wide application in the fields of hazard management, ecology and engineering. It has been gradually concerned by the oil and gas pipeline industry in recent years. Therefore, a comprehensive survey was conducted for the concepts of vulnerability, the concept development and evolution process of vulnerability was clarified,and the main connotations of vulnerability applied in different fields presently were summarized. The qualitative and quantitative vulnerability assessment methods at domestic and abroad were compared, with their advantages, disadvantages, applicable scope and key issues analyzed.Meanwhile, the application of vulnerability assessment methods in the oil and gas pipeline industry was sorted out in detail from the 3 aspects of vulnerability connotation, assessment index system and assessment method. The results indicate that the vulnerability assessment method varies with the research object and the disciplinary perspective in terms of the concept definition, the actual connotation and the assessment method. In the oil and gas pipeline industry, the vulnerability assessment method is still in the preliminary stage, and it is urgent to establish a unified vulnerability concept and assessment system for the oil and gas pipeline system. Compared with foreign research, the development of pipeline vulnerability research in China is relatively lagging, the assessment methods are mainly qualitative or semi-quantitative, and no scientific standard is available for the classification of index grades and the determination of index scores. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the establishment and improvement of quantitative assessment models in the future.

With the rapid development of science and technology, the traditional construction industry is facing the urgent need for transformation and upgrading, and how to achieve the performance optimization of the assembly building frame has become an urgent problem to be solved. The research constructs the antique assembly building frame using BIM technology and uses a Matlab genetic algorithm to optimize the model of the building frame. The efficacy of the optimized assembly building is analyzed, and the safety performance of the BIM-Matlab frame building proposed in this paper is compared with that of the traditional frame building and the anti-buckling frame building to explore the effectiveness of the performance optimization of the BIM-Matlab frame building. The values of the structural non-lateral stiffness ratio of the BIM-Matlab assembly building are all greater than or equal to 1, and the seismic shear weight ratio meets the requirements. The displacement ratio and inter-story displacement ratio meet the code requirements under all working conditions. The building foundation’s zero stress zone is 0.00%, and the minimum stiffness-to-weight ratio value of 38.69 is enough to pass the overturning resistance and stability test. The BIM-Matlab framed building can endure earthquakes with greater intensity and safety reserves than conventional framed buildings and anti-flexural framed buildings, which are more secure in earthquakes.

This paper analyzes the network expression and audience participatory discourse system under the mainstream media communication mode, combines the audiovisual multimodal audience cognitive participation and the multimodal features of the mainstream media, and proposes a multimodal deep learning model based on mainstream media communication. Based on the picture vision and human emotion migration methods, the picture vision feature migration module and the text emotion migration module are constructed respectively, and the multimodal feature fusion model is built by applying the gradient enhancement decision tree. Linguistic modality analysis of mainstream media communication discourse is carried out by analyzing the development characteristics of audience participatory cultural communication modes. The influence of different mainstream media communication discourses on the audience’s participatory culture is examined through logistic regression analysis while screening network discourse access. The regression analysis shows that the mainstream media communication modes represented by social software and microblogging have a significant impact on the development of the audience’s participatory culture, with p-values of 0.0452 and 0.0068, respectively, and thus the mainstream media need to strengthen content innovation, focus on specific audience groups, and make full use of new media platforms to provide audiences with richer, more accurate and professional news services.

The moving targets in coal mine underground monitoring videos often have significant scale changes and deformations. This results in low accuracy of target tracking algorithms based on computer vision. Moreover, the massive amount of video data makes it difficult for centralized cloud-based data processing methods to meet the real-time requirements of target tracking. In order to solve the above problems, a scale-adaptive target tracking method for coal mine underground based on cloud-edge collaboration is proposed. A scale-adaptive target tracking algorithm based on depth estimation is designed. The scale-adaptive target tracking is achieved by constructing a depth-scale estimation model, which uses target depth values to estimate scale values. The problem of low tracking accuracy caused by target scale change and deformation is solved. An intelligent monitoring system architecture based on cloud-edge collaboration is designed. The sub-modules of the scale-adaptive target tracking algorithm, which are divided into fine granularity, are deployed at the edge and cloud of the system according to the required computing resources. The algorithm's operational efficiency is improved through distributed parallel processing at the edge and cloud, solving the problem of poor real-time performance in the centralized data processing. The scale-adaptive target tracking method based on cloud-edge collaboration is applied in coal mine underground video sequences. The tracking performance and real-time performance are verified experimentally. The results show that compared with three classic target tracking algorithms, namely kernel correlation filter (KCF), discriminant scale space tracking (DSST) algorithm, and scale adaptive multiple feature (SAMF) algorithm, the scale-adaptive target tracking algorithm based on depth estimation has higher tracking precision and success rate when there are significant scale changes and deformations in coal mine underground targets. Compared with traditional cloud computing processing methods, the deployment method of scale-adaptive target tracking algorithm based on cloud-edge collaboration reduces the total delay of the algorithm by 32.55%. It effectively improves the real-time performance of target tracking of intelligent monitoring system in coal mine underground.

In order to evaluate the possibility of the ‘death spiral’ operation dilemma faced by the retailers with the high level penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) under the background of carbon neutrality, and to analyze the key factors that may lead to the ‘death spiral’, the system dynamics approach is applied for modeling. First, the model of customer-side distributed PV penetration guided by market conditions such as sales tariff is established. Then, a model of surplus of retailers is established based on the negative feedback relationship between distributed PV penetration level and the surplus of retailers. The case study evaluates the sensitivity effects of factors such as the generation of distributed PV and wholesale electricity prices on the surplus of retailers. The results show that the surplus of retailers tends to decrease slowly in the mid-long term. An extreme scenario may cause the ‘death spiral’ of retailers in which multiple factors such as transmission and distribution volumes, wholesale tariffs, and maintenance costs change significantly at the same time.

During the fermentation process of Oolong tea, significant changes occur in both its external characteristics and its internal components. This study aims to determine the fermentation degree of Oolong tea using visible–near–infrared spectroscopy (vis-VIS-NIR) and image processing. The preprocessed vis-VIS-NIR spectral data are fused with image features after sequential projection algorithm (SPA) feature selection. Subsequently, traditional machine learning and deep learning classification models are compared, with the support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models yielding the highest prediction rates among traditional machine learning models and deep learning models with 97.14% and 95.15% in the prediction set, respectively. The results indicate that VIS-NIR combined with image processing possesses the capability for rapid non-destructive online determination of the fermentation degree of Oolong tea. Additionally, the predictive rate of traditional machine learning models exceeds that of deep learning models in this study. This study provides a theoretical basis for the fermentation of Oolong tea.

The oxidation step in Oolong tea processing significantly influences its final flavor and aroma. In this study, a gas sensors detection system based on 13 metal oxide semiconductors with strong stability and sensitivity to the aroma during the Oolong tea oxidation production is proposed. The gas sensors detection system consists of a gas path, a signal acquisition module, and a signal processing module. The characteristic response signals of the sensor exhibit rapid release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as aldehydes, alcohols, and olefins during oxidative production. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the features of the collected signals. Then, three classical recognition models and two convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning models were established, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), back-propagation neural network (BP-ANN), LeNet5, and AlexNet. The results indicate that the BP-ANN model achieved optimal recognition performance with a 3–4–1 topology at pc = 3 with accuracy rates for the calibration and prediction of 94.16% and 94.11%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed gas sensors detection system can effectively differentiate between the distinct stages of the Oolong tea oxidation process. This work can improve the stability of Oolong tea products and facilitate the automation of the oxidation process. The detection system is capable of long-term online real-time monitoring of the processing process.

RationalMaternal overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with an increased risk of their offspring developing overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes later in life. However, the impacts of maternal overweight/obesity and dysglycemia on human milk (HM) macronutrient composition are not well understood.ObjectiveThrough a double-blind randomised controlled trial, we investigated the effects of maternal supplementation from preconception throughout pregnancy until birth on HM macronutrient concentrations, in association with maternal and infant factors including maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GDM status. In addition, we aimed to characterise longitudinal changes in HM macronutrients.MethodsThe control supplement contained calcium, iodine, iron, β-carotene, and folic acid. The intervention supplement additionally contained zinc, vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D3, probiotics, and myo-inositol. HM samples were collected across seven time points from 1 week to 12 months from Singapore and/or New Zealand. HM macronutrient concentrations were measured using a MIRIS Human Milk Analyser. Potential differences in HM macronutrient concentrations were assessed using linear mixed models with a repeated measures design.ResultsOverall, HM macronutrient concentrations were similar between control and intervention groups. Among the control group, overweight/obesity and GDM were associated with higher HM fat and energy concentrations over the first 3 months. Such associations were not observed among the intervention group. Of note, mothers with GDM in the intervention group had lower HM fat by 10% (p = 0.049) and energy by 6% (p = 0.029) than mothers with GDM in the control group. Longitudinal changes in HM macronutrient concentrations over 12 months of lactation in New Zealand showed that HM fat and energy decreased in the first 6 months then increased until 12 months. HM lactose gradually decreased from 1 week to 12 months while crude protein decreased from 1 week to 6 months then remained relatively constant until 12 months of lactation.ConclusionMaternal overweight/obesity or GDM were associated with increased HM fat and energy levels. We speculate the intervention taken during preconception and pregnancy altered the impact of maternal BMI or GDM status on HM macronutrient composition. Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms underlying altered HM macronutrient concentration in the intervention group and to determine any long-term effects on offspring health.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02509988, Universal Trial Number U1111-1171-8056. Registered on 16 July 2015. This is an academic-led study by the EpiGen Global Research Consortium.

The solid-liquid coupling process is crucial in transforming debris flow to mudflow to form a hybrid landslide, which extends the disaster-affected area. It is a hot topic and a tricky problem to be solved in disaster prevention and mitigation research. We used the self-developed post-landslide damage numerical simulation platform (LPF3D) to explore the dynamic process of the Wushanping landslide induced by heavy rainfall in Chongqing under hydrodynamic action and revealed the solid-liquid coupling mechanism. The results show that hydrodynamic effects in the landslide movement are mainly manifested as liquefaction and dragging. The incremental effects of the two hydrodynamic actions are apparent, which often transform debris flow into mudflow, causing long-runout disasters. A two-phase coupled computational model based on the SPH method is proposed. It restores the two-phase movement of the Wushanping landslide under heavy rainfall conditions considering the combined effects of the fluid state equation, the solid viscoplastic constitutive equation, and the inter-phase forces. The numerical calculation results show that the maximum velocity of the Wushanping landslide is 34 m/s, the maximum accumulation thickness is 21.5 m, the accumulation area is 0.12 km2, and the farthest movement distance is 1300 m. The simulation results are consistent with the actual landslide's accumulation pattern. In conclusion, in the high remote landslide risk investigation and prediction process, the pore water pressure and solid-liquid phase interaction under heavy rainfall conditions need to be fully considered, and the numerical simulation based on the LPF3D method provides a basis for the quantitative risk assessment of high-elevation and long-runout landslides.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly promising modality against cancer, but its efficacy is severely limited by the low oxygen content in solid tumors. In this study, a smart photosensitive NiPS3 nanosheet was developed to solve the problem of low oxygen to allow PDT to be performed against tumors. The photosensitized ROS generation mechanism of NiPS3 is the photon-generated electron-hole pathway, which can generate O2 ·− and ·OH at the conduction band and valance band, respectively. More crucial is that ·OH generation doesn’t need O2, and the O2 ·− can also work in a low O2 environment, and depleting oxygen in tumor cells. Modified with triphenylphosphine (TPP) and based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental data, the NiPS3@TPP nano-system underwent targeted action toward mitochondria. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NiPS3@TPP altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which not only prolonged the PDT effect but also resulted in mitochondria apoptosis pathways inducing an apoptosis cascade. In vivo experiments demonstrated the targeting capability with low toxicity of the NiPS3@TPP nano-system. Tumor targeting at the tested dose indicated that it represented a promising biocompatible photosensitizer for in vivo biomedical applications.

Highly infectious viral diseases are a serious threat to mankind as they can spread rapidly among the community, possibly even leading to the loss of many lives. Early diagnosis of a viral disease not only increases the chance of quick recovery, but also helps prevent the spread of infections. There is thus an urgent need for accurate, ultrasensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic techniques to test large volumes of the population to track and thereby control the spread of viral diseases, as evidenced during the COVID-19 and other viral pandemics. This review paper critically and comprehensively reviews various emerging nanophotonic biosensor mechanisms and biosensor technologies for virus detection, with a particular focus on detection of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The photonic biosensing mechanisms and technologies that we have focused on include: (a) plasmonic field enhancement via localized surface plasmon resonances, (b) surface enhanced Raman scattering, (c) nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) near-field spectroscopy, (d) fiber Bragg gratings, and (e) microresonators (whispering gallery modes), with a particular emphasis on the emerging impact of nanomaterials and two-dimensional materials in these photonic sensing technologies. This review also discusses several quantitative issues related to optical sensing with these biosensing and transduction techniques, notably quantitative factors that affect the limit of detection (LoD), sensitivity, specificity, and response times of the above optical biosensing diagnostic technologies for virus detection. We also review and analyze future prospects of cost-effective, lab-on-a-chip virus sensing solutions that promise ultrahigh sensitivities, rapid detection speeds, and mass manufacturability.

Mesoporous carbon spheres (MCSs) are widely used in the field of pollutants adsorption, energy storage and various biomedicine applications such as targeted delivery vector, phototherapy sensitizers, bioimaging contrast agents, etc. Current synthetic strategies including soft templating and hard templating methods generally have the limits of using expensive surfactants or lack of control over the pore structures. Therefore, the complex and uncontrollable pore structures limit its further clinical application. Herein, we proposed a new synthetic strategy to control the uniformity of pore channel arrangement in MCSs which can modulate the photonic property and the corresponding light controlled drug release property in intelligent drug delivery. The as obtained MCSs with relative uniform pore channel arrangement and long pore channels are demonstrated to have the best NIR light-induced drug release performance. This work provides not only new synthetic method to modulate pore structure characteristics and biophotonic property of MCSs, but also uniform MCSs as novel delivery platforms with advanced controlled release performance.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has lately been identified as a promising anticancer method and gained tremendous interest due to its controllability, non-invasive nature, and negligible side effects. Nevertheless, the development of PDT is hampered by two factors. One is the insufficient tissue penetration of phototherapy laser, resulting in restricted treatment sites. Another one is the substantial dependence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation on oxygen concentration. Therefore, a strategy to promote ROS generation by overcoming the hypoxia microenvironment is critical to cancer therapy. Electrolysis of water is known to be a rapid and relatively secure method for producing oxygen. Thus, in this study, electrotherapy was introduced to alleviate the tumor hypoxia by producing oxygen in situ, hence boosting the PDT efficacy, namely E-PDT. Black phosphorus (BP) based nanomaterials were selected as clearable photosensitizers with outstanding PDT performance. Experiments conducted both in vitro and in vivo indicated that E-PDT performed superior therapeutic effects with the in situ generation of oxygen by electrotherapy compared with other groups. This work suggests a promising strategy for phototherapeutic anticancer efficiency enhancement.

With the insertion a segment of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) inside the cavity, abundant dynamics of group velocity locked vector solitons (GVLVSs) in Er-doped fiber laser have been investigated by using graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) film as a saturable absorber (SA). The generated Kelly sidebands in emission spectra reveal peak-valley or valley-peak alternation and slightly shift in two orthogonal components, which are the characteristics of GVLVSs. Through proper adjustment of polarization controllers (PCs) inside the EDFLs cavity, versatile vector soliton dynamics such as polarization locked GVLVSs (PL-GVLVSs), polarization rotation GVLVSs (PR-GVLVSs), dual wavelength GVLVSs, bound state GVLVSs, bunch GVLVSs and harmonic mode-locking GVLVSs (HML-GVLVSs) have been observed. The separation between two emission peaks from the dual wavelength GVLVSs was controlled by the Lyot filter and related to the insertion length of PMF inside the cavity. Unlike PL-GVLVSs, the period-doubling phenomenon has been found in two orthogonal components of the PR-GVLVSs. Besides, the bound state GVLVSs were generated showing strongly modulated interference fringes in emission spectrum. For the bunch and HML GVLVSs, the number of solitons inside the cavity increased with the pump power, and it showed the quintuple solitons and the 7th HML-GVLVSs at the highest pump power.

With the maturing techniques for advanced synthesis and engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials, its nanocomposites, hybrid nanostructures, alloys, and heterostructures, researchers have been able to create materials with improved as well as novel functionalities. One of the major applications that have been taking advantage of these materials with unique properties is biomedical devices, which currently prefer to be decentralized and highly personalized with good precision. The unique properties of these materials, such as high surface to volume ratio, a large number of active sites, tunable bandgap, nonlinear optical properties, and high carrier mobility is a boon to ‘onics’ (photonics/electronics) and ‘omics’ (genomics/exposomics) technologies for developing personalized, low-cost, feasible, decentralized, and highly accurate medical devices. This review aims to unfold the developments in point-of-care technology, the application of ‘onics’ and ‘omics’ in point-of-care medicine, and the part of two-dimensional materials. We have discussed the prospects of photonic devices based on 2D materials in personalized medicine and briefly discussed electronic devices for the same.

We present a unique signal of medium response to jet quenching: the enhancement of baryon-to-meson ratios for associated particles at intermediate transverse momentum around the triggered quenched jets. Since the lost energy from the jets can diffuse to large angles, we expect that such baryon-to-meson enhancement is stronger for larger distance with respect to the jet axis. Our prediction can be tested by future experiments.

As a key branch of the cross-discipline biophotonics, phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), is promising in biomedicine and visible light-driving PDT has been applied to clinical treatment. However, extensive applications of phototherapy are limited by the hypoxic microenvironment, laser penetration depth, and potential complexity for combined PDT/PTT. Thus, NIR-responsive oxygen self-supply nanocomposites functionalized with photosensitizers for achieving simultaneous in-depth PDT/PTT are urgently required. Herein, a multifunctional platform has been fabricated by co-immobilizing monodispersed ultrasmall Pd nanoclusters and a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Aminophenyl)-21H,23H Porphyrin (Thp) on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, generating the Pd-Thp-Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite. Material characterization demonstrated that Pd nanoclusters and Thp were well-distributed on the MXene surface while MXene maintained its photothermal conversion efficiency and broad absorption. In this nanoplatform, irradiated by the single 808 nm laser, Pd selectively catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to O2, and O2 was continuously supplied to Thp for enhanced NIR-driving PDT. The in vivo fluorescence and photothermal imaging demonstrated the pronounced accumulation of nanocomposites in the tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo results clearly demonstrated the nanocomposite had good biocompatibility, and that the synergistic PTT and enhanced PDT made apoptosis of the tumor cell achievable. This work not only proves this Pd-Thp-Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite serves a promising solution for tumor hypoxia by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells with synergistic PTT and PDT, but also broadens the application of promising optical materials in biomedical field.

Objective: In order to solve the problem of poor stability, high cost and small gas flow of ternary gas mixing equipment. Methods: A ternary gas mixing system based on the ideal gas law and Dalton's law of partial pressure was proposed, and the system calculated errors and adjusted parameters by the designed algorithm, and adopted the connection of cylinder, sensor and so on. Results: After adjusting the mixing according to the relative deviation, the average relative deviation of the gas concentration of CO2 and O2 was 0.86% and 0.75% respectively, and the gas concentration accuracy met the technical requirements of ＜1%, and the high-precision gas mixing of the ternary gas can be better achieved. Conclusion: The system can realize rapid and stepless regulation of ternary gas, and high-precision continuous mixing.

The hydropower station real-time safety monitoring is not only related to the safety, but also to the generation benefit of the power station. However, as the amount of monitoring data is very huge, and the dam structure is very complex, real-time monitoring cannot be carried out in most of the dam. It is useful to develop a high-performance safety monitoring system to assist the dam safety management work. As such, the paper introduces an expert system for dam safety management with a mode which can carry out the entire process of real-time dam safety monitoring, covering abnormal importing data, abnormal data changes, monitoring work, dam safety. The system has abundant functions such as dam safety analysis, visual query and remote consultation, etc. The system has been successfully applied to more than ten dam projects in China. The application shows that reliable data evaluation can identify data anomalies such as single point jump, multi point outlier and step change. Trend tracking can find possible structural changes. And clustering comprehensive evaluation can give a reasonable evaluation of the safety state of different parts of the dam. Complete online system can provide a supporting decision-making platform for the safety monitoring of the dams and improve the efficiency of power station management.

The development of nanoclusters based on incorporating biomolecules like proteins, lipids, enzymes, DNA, surfactants, and chemical stabilizers creates a stable and high fluorescence bio-sensors promising future due to their high sensitivity, high level of detection and better selectivity. This review addresses a comprehensive and systematic overview of the recent development in synthesizing metal nanocluster by various strategized synthesis techniques. Significantly, the application of nanometal clusters for the detection of various food contaminants such as microorganisms, antibodies, drugs, pesticides, metal contaminants, amino acids, and other food flavors have been discussed briefly concerning the detection techniques, sensitivity, selectivity, and lower limit of detection. The review further gives a brief account on the future prospects in the synthesis of novel metal nanocluster-based biosensors, and their advantages, shortcomings, and potential perspectives toward their application in the field of food safety analysis.

In order to obtain the characteristic parameters of dampness status of resin impregnated paper (RIP),the time domain dielectric response technique is performed on the dampness status evaluation,and the RIP moisture contents are intensively studied based on polarization and depolarization current (PDC) method. Firstly,RIP insulation samples with different moisture contents are prepared in the laboratory and the PDC curves are measured. Then,the optimization algorithm combining genetic algorithm and interior point method is introduced,and the parameters of extended Debye model are obtained by Matlab simulation. Finally,two characteristic parameters of dampness status are extracted,which are the relaxation contribution coefficient of the maximum time constant branch A 9 and the stable depolarization charge quantity Q d-5000. Conclusions from the research results are as follows. The PDC curve moves upward as the moisture content increases. The dampness of the RIP insulation results in the increase of its conductivity and the decrease of its insulation resistance,absorption ratio andpolarization index. The parameters of the 9-branch extended Debye model are sensitive to the RIP insulation dampness status,and the A 9 shows a linear relationship with moisture content. The depolarization charge quantity is sensitive to moisture content,and the Q d-5000 shows an exponential relationship with moisture content.

High repetition frequency (HRF) ultrashort pulse fiber laser has been widely used in laser cold processing. The technical solutions such as short cavity length fiber laser have been proposed to achieve HRF ultrashort pulse output recently. However, the application of material-based saturable absorbers in this field has been astricted due to the low modulation depth, low damage resistance threshold, and high saturation fluence. Here, we designed a one-dimensional asymmetric photonic crystal with defect layer (1D-APCDL) as a novel saturable absorber, where the defect layer is Bi1.6Sb0.4Te3 with high modulation depth. The harmonic pulse with 3.82 GHz repetition frequency is achieved at the wavelength of 1562 nm, which is the highest repetition frequency of the topological insulator-based ring fiber laser so far to the best of our knowledge. The research provides a new saturable absorber solution, and provides a new idea for the application of material-based nonlinear optical chip in high-repetition frequency ultrashort pulse fiber lasers.

Dynamics of photoinduced species, as a key parameter for nanomaterials plays a significantly role in the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this work, the origin of broadband optical response for the emerging Ti3C2Tx MXene is revealed by transient spectroscopic analysis. From ultraviolet to infrared, the steady-state and transient optical responses present wavelength-related features. The carrier lifetime is found to change from femtosecond to nanosecond time scale dominated by various photoinduced species, i.e., carrier and surface plasmon. The unique optoelectronic character enables photodetection. This fundamental study on carrier, plasmon dynamics, and application in photodetection is helpful for exploring MXene-based optoelectronic devices.

Passively mode-locked lasers have been widely investigated as one of the effective methods to obtain ultrashort pulses. As an important part of passively mode-locked fiber lasers, the exploration of 2D material-based saturable absorber has become one of the hotspots in ultrafast photonics in recent years. Germanene, a novel 2D Dirac material, with ultrafast optical response and broadband optical absorption, is a promising alternative material for saturable absorber in mode-locked fiber lasers. In this paper, germanium nanosheets are prepared via liquid-phase exfoliated method, with the saturable absorption property systematically characterized in three major wavebands of the near-infrared region. The generation of ultrashort pulses based on germanene saturable absorber in fiber lasers is further realized, in a broad waveband (1000 nm) centered at 1061.1, 1559.3 and 1883.5 nm, respectively. In addition, noise-like pulses operation with central wavelength of 1558.6 nm is also obtained, and the formation of rogue waves is further demonstrated via statistical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental verification of the broadband saturable absorption property of germanene-based devices, covering three major fiber laser wavelengths from 1.0 to 2.0 μm.

Driven by new two-dimensional materials, great changes and progress have taken place in the field of ultrafast photonics in recent years. Among them, the emerging single element two-dimensional materials (Xenes) have also received much attention due to their special physical and photoelectric properties including tunable broadband nonlinear saturable absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time. In this review, the preparation methods of Xenes and various integration strategies are detailedly introduced at first. Then, we summarize the outcomes achieved by Xenes-based (beyond graphene) fiber lasers and make classifications based on the characteristics of output pulses according to the materials characterization and nonlinear optical absorption properties. Finally, an outlook of the future opportunities and challenges of ultrafast photonics devices based on Xenes and other 2D materials are highlighted, and we hope this review will promote their extensive applications in ultrafast photonics technology.

Herein, we investigated the effects of different courses of electroacupuncture on learning and memory in mice with radiation-induced brain injury, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Sixty 4-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, electroacupuncture group 1 (7 d), electroacupuncture group 2 (14 d), electroacupuncture group 3 (21 d), and electroacupuncture group 4 (28 d). Except the blank group, all groups were irradiated with X-ray (8 Gy, 2 min) to construct the radioactive brain injury model. The electroacupuncture group was injected with "Baihui," "Fengfu," and bilateral "Shenshu" points, and the intervention was performed for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days according to the groups, respectively. After electroacupuncture, the Y-maze test was conducted to assess the learning and memory of mice in each group. Neuron morphology and synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocampal DG region were observed via Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Protein expression levels of the Notch signaling pathway components Notch 1, Hes 1, and ASCL 1 were detected via Western blotting. The results revealed that, compared to those in the blank group, the learning and memory function of mice decreased significantly in the model group (p

Aiming at the problems of poor real-time and accuracy of information collection, low degree of data integration, and unable to carry out unique identification in design and manufacturing, safety production, monitoring and traceability of the whole life cycle management of mine hoisting system, a design scheme of mine hoisting system life cycle service system based on RFID is proposed. The system writes the unified electronic product identification code into the RFID chip, and obtains the relevant location and identity information of mine hoisting equipment by reading its information. Through data integration and data mining of hoisting system, it realizes the information sharing and function reorganization of system access equipment, which is conducive to the refinement of management decision-making, traceability of equipment information and process reengineering of industrial chain for relevant enterprises to improve the safety management level of mine hoisting system step by step.

Micro-addition of alloying elements is not only an effective method to improve the overall performance of aluminum matrix composites but also a proven workable low-cost technology in improving the reinforced phase/matrix interface structure and regulating the mechanical property of strength-toughness other than the physical processes such as electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration, as well as preparation technologies like bimodal structure and biomimetic layered materials, etc. In recent years, the research of alloying elements in TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites has attracted much attention and achieved remarkable results which lay a good foundation for better understanding of its mechanism on the nano-level or even the atomic level. A series of latest developments on the properties of TiB2/Al composites by adding alloying elements at home and abroad were summarized, i.e. TiB2 particle morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties.The mechanism of micro-alloying and its prospect on regulating crack initiation and propagation, exerting intrinsic mechanical properties of micro and nano scale, along with coordinating the dilemma of strength-ductility trade-off were also forecasted, aimed at providing reference for the preparation of high-performance aluminum matrix composites.

Tin sulfide semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been widely investigated for photodetection applications because of their good optical and electrical properties. Herein, we synthesized n-type SnS2 NWs and then fabricated SnS2 NW photodetectors with a ferroelectric polymer side-gate. The strong electric field induced by ferroelectric polymer can effectively suppress the dark current and improve the detectivity in SnS2 NW photodetectors. The photodetectors after polarization depletion exhibit a high photoconductive gain of 4.0 × 105 and a high responsivity of 2.1 × 105 A W−1. Compared with devices without polarization depletion, the detectivity of polarization-depleted photodetectors is improved by at least two orders of magnitude, and the highest detectivity is 1.3 × 1016 Jones. Further, the rise and fall time are 56 and 91 ms respectively, which are about tens of times faster than those without polarization depletion. The device also shows a good spectral response from ultraviolet to near-infrared. This study demonstrates that ferroelectric materials can enhance optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional semiconductors for high-performance photodetectors.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting the middle of the face with a variety of systemic comorbidities. This article reviews comorbidities of rosacea, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, digestive diseases, malignancies, and neuropsychiatric diseases, and provides suggestions on how to deal with comorbidities of rosacea. If rosacea patients have symptoms or signs of other diseases, or abnormal results of laboratory examinations or imaging examinations, they should be referred to the corresponding department for further treatment. It is necessary to further investigate the relationship between rosacea and its comorbidities, especially the relationship between different subtypes of rosacea and their comorbidities, to facilitate the treatment and management of rosacea patients.

Anatomical dissection course relies much on cadavers. Body donation is a main source of cadavers used in anatomical dissection course in China. Since 1970s, body donation programs have been gradually established, supporting the anatomical dissection courses and the training of medical students. This article reviews the development of body donation programs in China and relevant researches from the following five aspects: very early stage, ethics and laws, data collection and questionnaire survey, humanistic care and humanistic education challenges and countermeasures. This article may pave a way for further development of body donation programs in China and for researches in the future.