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The aim of the study was to evaluate whether virtual calcium subtraction (VNCa) image extracted from dual-layer spectral CT could estimate bone marrow (BM) infiltration with MRI as the reference standard and characterize tumor burden in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

To improve the gel properties of squid surimi products, we optimized the addition of modified corn starch acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP) and the non-muscle proteins egg white protein (EWP) and soy protein isolate (SPI), and we evaluated the effects of the addition of ADSP, EWP and SPI on the texture, intermolecular force, protein secondary structure and microstructure of squid surimi products. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism by which modified starch and non-muscle protein improve the gel quality of squid surimi products. The results showed that the gel properties of squid surimi products with 10% ADSP, 7% EWP and 6% SPI were the best. Compared with the control group, the addition of modified starch or non-muscle protein decrease the relative contents of random coil and α-helix in proteins, and increased the contents of β-sheet and β-turn. Their combined addition was beneficial for the retention of β-sheet and β-turn structures during the gelation process, and promoted the hydrophobic interaction between proteins, resulting in the formation of a denser gel network structure, which in turn improved the gel strength and water holding capacity of squid surimi products. Correlation analysis showed that the gel strength and water holding capacity, hydrophobic interaction, and relative contents of β-turn and immobilized water of squid surimi products were significantly positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with the contents of free water and random coil (P < 0.01). Therefore, the addition of 10% ADSP, 7% EWP and 6% SPI improved the gel quality of squid surimi products by affecting protein secondary structure and water distribution.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide a critical systematic review of the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a noninvasive method to assess periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Methods The electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched, since their inception up to March 27, 2022. The included studies evaluated the reproducibility and accuracy of MRI features to diagnose PJIs. The article quality assessment was conducted by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Results Among 1909 studies identified in the initial search, 8 studies were eligible for final systematic review. The included studies evaluated the reproducibility and accuracy of MRI features to diagnose PJIs. Seven of 8 studies showed good to excellent reliability, but only one article among them in which accuracy was evaluated had a low risk of bias. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen coefficient (κ) varied between 0.44 and 1.00. The accuracy varied between 63.9% and 94.4%. Potential MRI features, such as lamellated hyperintense synovitis, edema, fluid collection, or lymphadenopathy, might be valuable for diagnosing PJIs. Conclusion The quality of the evidence regarding the role of MRI for PJIs diagnosis was low. There is preliminary evidence that MRI has a noteworthy value of distinguishing suspected periprosthetic joint infection in patients with total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty, but the definition of specific MRI features related to PJIs diagnosis lacks consensus and standardization. Large-scale studies with robust quality were required to help make better clinical decisions in the future.

Abstract [Objective] Investigating the distribution of the genus Pittosporum in the Bashan area of Shaanxi Province. [Methods and Results] Based on the investigation, collection, and study of Pittosporum sp. from Youhao village, Baihe County, new geographic distribution of Pittosporum brevicalyx (Oliv.) Gagnep. was discovered in Shaanxi Province. [Conclusion] Pittosporum sp. is mainly distributed in the subtropical areas of the south of the Qinling Mountains in China. This report expands the distribution of this species from northeast to the Daba Mountains of Shaanxi Province, which enriches the distribution records of plants in Qinling-Daba Mountains, as well as provides basis for the study of species diversity in the Daba Mountains.

Based on ELAN multimodal discourse analysis software, this paper constructs a multimodal Russian translation model based on the machine translation model with visual grammar and multimodal discourse analysis as the theoretical basis. To address the issue of missing semantics caused by insufficient input information at the source of real-time translation, the model uses images as auxiliary modalities. The real-time Russian translation model is constructed using the wait-k strategy and the concept of multimodal self-attention. Experiments and analysis are carried out on the Multi30k training set, and the generalization ability and translation effect of the model are finally evaluated with the test set. The results show that by applying multimodal discourse analysis to Russian translation, the three translation evaluation indexes of BLEU, METEOR, and TER are improved by 1.3, 1.0, and 1.4 percentage points, respectively, and the phenomenon of phantom translation is effectively reduced.

Digital empowerment of home product design and manufacturing integration, to achieve the whole process of personalized customization of home products innovative design. Using big data for user analysis, we obtained functional demand data for smart home modules, and 28.5% of user demand is reflected in cell phone interconnection. Using the KANO model, user customization demands can be calculated to form basic and excitement type demand expectations represented by A and M. Then based on the fuzzy QFD method for demand raw data conversion, to get the initial weights and weighted weights of each demand item, taking A14 home space utilization efficiency as an example, the initial weights and weighted weights of A14 are 0.66 and 0.10, respectively, and the importance of demand sorted seventh. Combined with the specific application of modular design in smart homes, the modular design of smart homes is verified. Further adjustments should be made to enhance the innovation degree of smart homes.

This paper first proposes the direction of constructing a higher mathematics teaching mode supported by intelligent technology and then models the learner portrait of the learning outcome data according to the subject knowledge graph. An improved ant colony optimization algorithm is used to search for the optimal learning path, which is then combined with an improved convolutional neural network to generate a personalized learning path. The Trans R method is used to quantify the relationship between learners and learning resources and a semi-supervised learning conditional random field method based on K-NN is proposed to label learning resources and generate learning accurate evaluation for smart teaching. The smart teaching model of advanced mathematics courses is applied and analyzed in terms of students’ advanced mathematics pre and post-test scores, students’ satisfaction, teachers’ teaching methods and teaching resources in four directions. The analysis obtained that the posttest scores of the learners in the experimental group were 75.631, and the posttest scores of the learners in the control group were 66.314, with a difference of 9.317. The significance level of the variance chi-square test was 0.000

BackgroundNuclear isomers are crucial in cosmic element synthesis and have potential applications in controlling nuclear energy release. Specifically, Europium (Eu) is significant in fundamental studies. For instance, 152Eu is used as a reference source for radioactive experiments, and its isomeric state 152m1Eu has a probability of 73% to produce cosmological p-nuclei 152Gd with β- decay. Therefore, 152m1Eu is a crucial nuclide in the nuclearsynthesis of p-nuclei 152Gd.PurposeThis study aims to realize the efficient excitation of 152m1Eu with a bremsstrahlung source generated by laser plasma.MethodsFirstly, the laser-plasma bremsstrahlung source was utilized to achieve the efficient excitation of 152m1Eu (45.6 keV, T1/2=9.31 h) in the experiment with yields of 8×104 particles/shot by this isotope. Then, numerical simulations of the yield of 152m1, m2Eu were performed using the Geant4-GENBOD program to get generation time, and peak excitation efficiency evolution with electron temperature.ResultsThe results demonstrate that when the electron temperature reaches 15 MeV, the yield of 152m1, m2Eu approaches saturation. When the incident electron charge is 17.6 nC, the yield of 152m1Eu is approximately 8×106 particles/shot, and that of 152m2Eu is approximately 2×105 particles/shot. The generation time of 152m1, m2Eu in the target is approximately 32 ps. When the electron temperature reaches 15 MeV, the peak excitation efficiency of 152m1Eu is expected to be ~1017 particles/s, and that of 152m2Eu is expected to be ~1016 particles/s.ConclusionsThe ultrashort ultrahigh intensity laser technology can significantly enhance the excitation efficiency of isotopes of the same nucleus, and this will provide an important research avenue for the study of cosmic element synthesis and nuclear energy release control applications.

Abstract Background Multiple surgical interventions exist for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, but the surgeon and patient may often have difficulty deciding which interventions are the best option. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared complications, revisions, reoperations, and functional outcomes among TKA (total knee arthroplasty), UKA (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty), HTO (high tibial osteotomy), BCA (bicompartmental knee arthroplasty), BIU (bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty), and KJD (knee joint distraction). The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were reviewed for all studies comparing two or more surgical interventions. Direct-comparison meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were performed to combine direct and indirect evidence. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. Results This NMA and systematic review included 21 studies (17 RCTs), with a total of 1749 patients. The overall risk-of-bias assessment of the RCTs revealed that 7 studies had low risk, 5 had some concerns, and 9 had high risk. SUCRA (the surface under the cumulative ranking curve) rankings revealed that KJD had the greatest risk of appearing postoperative complications, revisions, and reoperations, and UKA or TKA had the lowest risk. The majority of comparisons among various treatments showed no difference for functional outcomes. Conclusion Each surgical intervention is noninferior to other treatments in functional outcomes, but UKA and TKA are better options to treat OA according to SUCRA rankings by comparing complications, revisions, and reoperations. KJD is an imperfect option for treating OA. Other treatments should be carefully considered for each patient in accordance with their actual conditions. However, this conclusion is limited by the selection of reviewed publications and individual variation of surgical indications for patients. Trial registration This study was registered with Research Registry (reviewregistry1395).

In order to study the image detection of multimedia sensor based on constrained under determined equation, this paper proposes the improvement of image sensor quality detection method based on image recognition algorithm. Firstly, the principle and steps of the under determined method are explained, and the complexity of the algorithm is analyzed. The image sensor is the most important part of the mobile camera, which determines the performance of the mobile camera, and its assembly quality largely determines the quality of the whole mobile camera. The case studied in this paper is model h mobile phone camera, and the first pass rate of good products is only 80%. In order to meet the 95% pass rate of good products required by customers, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the processes that have a great impact on product quality, so as to improve the first pass rate of products, achieve quality objectives and reduce manufacturing failure costs. In order to find out the threshold value of the height information measured by the improved method, to determine whether the product is good, and to find out the process that has a great impact on the surface flatness of the image sensor, the product measurement experiment is specially set. The improved war page test method was used to measure the products of each experimental group. Among them, No. 22, No. 39 and No. 40 products are poor due to changes in physical properties in subsequent production, and cannot flow to the next process for production. Therefore, the data of No. 22, No. 39 and No. 40 are missing in the test data. A total of 133 groups of experimental data were obtained in this experimental test. The results showed that the standard deviations of group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4 were 0.172, 0.125 and 0.304 respectively. That is, after the same product is treated by false hardening, heating hardening and base installation processes, the false hardening and heating hardening processes have relatively little impact on the surface flatness of the image sensor. After the base opening and installation process, the surface flatness of the image sensor begins to change. The standard deviations of the measurement results of group 1 and groups 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 0.304, 0.381, 0.391 and 0.514 respectively. That is, after the base installation, calibration, bonding, soldering and testing of the product, the surface flatness of the image sensor and the initial surface flatness have changed greatly. Therefore, production technicians can focus on the process that starts to change, that is, the base installation process. The improved method has the advantages of automatic operation, low error, low error rate and so on.

Objective To observe the effect of tanshinoneⅡA (TanⅡA) on acute lung injury (ALI) in septic mice, and to explore its effect on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its possible mechanism. Methods A mouse model of sepsis was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Thirty male C57BL/6 mice aged 6~8 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6): Normal group (Nor group), LPS group, LPS+TanⅡA group (30 mg/kg TanⅡA was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before LPS injection), LPS+LY294002 group (pre-injection of 30 mg/kg LY294002), and LPS+DMSO group (pre-injection of the same amount of DMSO). At 12 h after modeling, the lung tissues were collected, lung coefficients were calculated, and pathological changes of lung tissue were observed with HE staining. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-10 and NETs markers MPO-DNA complex and citrolinated histone H3 (Cit H3) in lung tissue. Western blotting was applied to detect the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Compared with the Nor group, the LPS group had an increased lung coefficient, significantly damaged lung tissue, increased levels of IL-1β (P < 0.05) and decreased level of IL-10 (P < 0.05), and elevated MPO-DNA complex and Cit H3 levels (P < 0.05) as well as the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT (P < 0.05). While, the above conditions were much better in the LPS+TanⅡA group and the LPS+LY294002 group than the LPS group, with decreased lung coefficient, alleviated lung injury by HE staining and Smith scores, increased level of IL-1β and decreased IL-10 level in the lung tissue (P < 0.05), reduced levels of MPO-DNA complex and Cit H3 (P < 0.05) and p-PI3K and p-AKT (P < 0.05). Conclusion TanⅡA can alleviate sepsis-induced ALI, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulating the level of NETs, and thus reducing the inflammatory response.

BACKGROUND The Hetian nephrite belt in Xinjiang is the largest nephrite ore belt in the world, with a length of about 1300km. In addition to white, gray, black and brown nephrite, the Qiemo—Ruoqiang zone, Xinjiang also produces a yellow-green nephrite. There are few studies on the color origin and characterization of this kind of Hetian nephrite, which affects the understanding of the color and genesis of this kind of Hetian nephrite. OBJECTIVES To understand the color genesis, genetic types and formation age of the yellow-green nephrite in Qiemo—Ruoqiang deposit. METHODS Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), backscattered electron (BSE) image, X-ray fluorescencespectrometry (XRF), and high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) were used to investigate mineral and chemical composition. The FeO content was determined by titration method to explore its color origin and genetic type, and the zircon U-Pb isotope dating by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) was used to constrain its mineralization age. RESULTS Yellow-green nephrite in Qiemo—Ruoqiang was predominately composed of apatite, calcite, dolomite, diopside, epidote, sphene and zircon. The yellow-green nephrite whole rock had low total REE (∑REE=2.61-19.1μg/g) with obvious Eu negative anomaly (δEu < 0.05), LREE right dipping, and HREE flat pattern. According to the distribution pattern of rare earth and the content of Cr and Ni, it was inferred that it was a magnesia skarn type Hetian nephrite. Compared with other nephrite in the world, the average value of Fe3+/Fe2+ of the yellow-green nephrite in Qiemo—Ruoqiang (average=0.16) overlapped with nephrite in other regions. The ratio is slightly higher (0.07-0.26), while the content of Fe3+ and Fe2+ was not significantly different between the yellow-green nephrite and other color nephrite. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon in the yellow-green nephrite yielded ages of 461.7±6.1Ma (MSWD=1.6) and 498.1±4.6Ma (MSWD=1.16). CONCLUSIONS The color genesis of the yellow-green nephrite in Qiemo is probably related to the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+, but not to the content of Fe3+ and Fe2+. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating results of zircon in yellow-green nephrite represent the formation age of the yellow-green nephrite. These new data provide geochronological constraints for the magmatism of Hetian nephrite belt and the tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun orogenic belt.

The mechanisms of thermal conductivity enhancement and the factors influencing viscosity are of great interest in the study of nanofluids, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations considering nanofluids provide more accurate predictions of microscopic properties than conventional experimental studies. MD simulations of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and reversing perturbation non-equilibrium molecular dynamics methods were used to study thermal conductivity and viscosity, taking into account a variety of influencing factors, as well as nanoparticle material and volume fraction. Through the analysis of the number density distribution, radial distribution function (RDF), and mean square displacement (MSD), the influences of different nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, Au, and Fe) were described and investigated: Ag particles contribute to 47.0% increase in thermal conductivity of 2.5 vol% nanofluids; Au particles improved the viscosity of 2.5 vol% nanofluids by 20.2%; the number density distribution showed positive linear relationship with the atomic mass; the results of MSD and RDF (mean square displacement and radial distribution function) in combination indicated a positive effect of interfacial nanolayer. The results of this research provide important perspectives for comprehending the impacts of multiple nanoparticles on the micro-thermal properties of nanofluids and also highlight the simulation potential of Au–Ar nanofluids.

BackgroundCompared with 2D+1D adjustment, three dimensional adjustment has a more rigorous theoretical basis. However, when the unconstrained three dimensional adjustment is applied to the observation values processing of the accelerator alignment control network, serious error accumulation will occur and resulting in obvious distortion of the results.PurposeThis study aims to expound the ways and characteristics of three dimensional adjustment error accumulation for accelerator alignment control network.MethodsFirstly, based on the layout of accelerator alignment control network and the moving station measurement method of laser tracker, the three dimensional adjustment mathematical model was analyzed, and the least-squares collocation theory was used to clearly explain the error propagation. Secondly, the characters of laser tracker measurement accuracy, station positioning and orientation accuracy and single station measurement error propagation were studied by analyzing the laser tracker 3D coordinate measurement model, measurement point error model and simulation measurement experiments. Finally, adjustment calculation of the linac control network was verified by simulation measurement, and two error accumulation suppression methods were tested.ResultsThe source and propagation mode of error accumulation are explained theoretically, and verified by simulation calculation, so are the serious error accumulation of elevation and lateral errors in three dimensional adjustment of control network in accelerator.ConclusionsProviding high-precision point coordinate constraint for three dimensional adjustment can effectively suppress error accumulation, and providing high-precision orientation constraint for station coordinate system can also achieve the effect of suppressing error accumulation.

In this paper, the decentralized economic scheduling problem of multi-micro grid is studied on the basis of considering the uncertainty of wind power and photovoltaic output. Firstly, in order to meet the independent and autonomous requirements of decentralized scheduling, the decoupling method of public connection points, which is more suitable for the multi-micro grid structure, is adopted to partition the multi-micro grid regions. Then, considering the uncertainty of wind-wind output, a decentralized economic dispatching model of multi-micro grid with robust optimization participation is proposed to minimize the economic cost. Finally, the improved Alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve the decentralized economic scheduling problem of multi-micro grid. The feasibility and superiority of the improved algorithm are verified by simulation test and comparative analysis. The decentralized autonomy of multi-micro grid scheduling can be realized, and the random uncertainty of landscape can be effectively dealt with.

The aim of this study is to investigate the dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and its clinical implications.

The goal of this paper is to examine the structure of split involutive regular BiHom-Lie superalgebras, which can be viewed as the natural generalization of split involutive regular Hom-Lie algebras and split regular BiHom-Lie superalgebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of algebras, we show that such a split involutive regular BiHom-Lie superalgebra L{\mathfrak{L}} is of the form L=U+∑αIα{\mathfrak{L}}=U+{\sum }_{\alpha }{I}_{\alpha } with U a subspace of a maximal abelian subalgebra H and any I α, a well-described ideal of L{\mathfrak{L}}, satisfying [I α, I β] = 0 if [α] ≠ [β]. In the case of L{\mathfrak{L}} being of maximal length, the simplicity of L{\mathfrak{L}} is also characterized in terms of connections of roots.

Copper alloys and copper matrix composites have been attracting a lot of attention lately. Their composition design, preparation, and processing directly affect the final performance. In this review, several typical copper alloys, such as Cu-Fe-P, Cu-Ni-Si, and Cu-Cr-Zr are analyzed. The deformation mechanisms, microstructure evolution, and dynamic recrystallization behavior are summarized. In addition, dispersion strengthened copper matrix composites and graphene reinforced copper matrix composites are reviewed.

In order to investigate the effects of chromium on the electrical contact properties of the Al2O3-Cu/15W composites, vacuum hot-pressing sintering and internal oxidation methods were employed to fabricate the Al2O3-Cu/15W and Al2O3-Cu/15W5Cr composites. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical contacts testing was performed using the JF04C testing machine at 30 V DC with 10-30 A current. The effects of Cr on the comprehensive properties, arc erosion morphology and welding force of the electrical contacts were investigated. The mass transfer mechanism was discussed. It was demonstrated that the Al2O3 nanoparticles pinned dislocations. The diffraction spots of the Cu matrix and the γ-Al2O3 disclose an orientation relationship of Cu//γ−Al2O3,{020}Cu//{040}γ−Al2O3. A typical arc erosion morphology, such as needle-like and coral structures was formed, which provides significantly enhanced arc erosion resistance of the contact material. Compared with the Al2O3-Cu/15W composite, the Al2O3-Cu/15W5Cr composite has a lower welding force. The two composites present two distinct mass transfer trends before and after 25 A. The final mass transfer direction of the composites is from the cathode to the anode. The Al2O3-Cu/15W5Cr contacts have less mass change under all testing conditions.

Background: As a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of severe visual loss or legal blindness among AMD patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) had been applied widely in nAMD treatment. To date, debate regarding efficacy and safety still exists among different anti-VEGF regimens as management of nAMD. To provide substantial evidence for clinical nAMD treatment, this study ranks the priority of anti-VEGF regimens via Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA), comparing data collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched PubMed Central, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, ISRCTN, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials. gov from a database established until 1 April 2019 systematically for anti-VEGF regimens. Bayesian NMA with random-effect was conducted to compare efficacy and safety and rank priority of anti-VEGF regimens. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were the proportion of patients gaining 15 or more letters, and the incidence of arterial thromboembolic (ATC) events. The effect measure is the standard mean difference (SMD), or the odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019132243. Results: We obtained 6467 citations and identified 29 RCTs including 13,596 participants; 86% of these trials were low risk or of uncertain risk bias. In NMA, ORs compared with sham injection for the proportion of patients gaining 15 or more letters (12,699 participants from 23 trials) ranged from 4.05 [95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI) 1.62–10.11] for ranibizumab quarterly regimen to 8.57 (95% CrI 4.66–15.73) for a ranibizumab treat-and-extend regimen. No difference was found between sham injection and anti-VEGF regimens for ATC events (11,500 participants from 18 trials). Results for the primary outcome did not substantially change in sensitivity analyses after removing studies at high risk of bias and small sample size ( n

An optofluidic laser based on a hollow-core negative-curvature fiber (HC-NCF) is proposed and demonstrated. The submicron-thick circular capillary tubes embedded in the cladding of the HC-NCF act as antiresonant elements and are used as both a resonator and dye microfluidic channels. A stable optofluidic dye laser with a low threshold of 15.14 nJ/mm2 is achieved. The laser is compact and robust and exhibits directional output.

BackgroundThe accurate identification of the functional elements in the bovine genome is a fundamental requirement for high-quality analysis of data informing both genome biology and genomic selection. Functional annotation of the bovine genome was performed to identify a more complete catalog of transcript isoforms across bovine tissues.ResultsA total of 160,820 unique transcripts (50% protein coding) representing 34,882 unique genes (60% protein coding) were identified across tissues. Among them, 118,563 transcripts (73% of the total) were structurally validated by independent datasets (PacBio isoform sequencing data, Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing data, de novo assembled transcripts from RNA sequencing data) and comparison with Ensembl and NCBI gene sets. In addition, all transcripts were supported by extensive data from different technologies such as whole transcriptome termini site sequencing, RNA Annotation and Mapping of Promoters for the Analysis of Gene Expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing. A large proportion of identified transcripts (69%) were unannotated, of which 86% were produced by annotated genes and 14% by unannotated genes. A median of two 5' untranslated regions were expressed per gene. Around 50% of protein-coding genes in each tissue were bifunctional and transcribed both coding and noncoding isoforms. Furthermore, we identified 3,744 genes that functioned as noncoding genes in fetal tissues but as protein-coding genes in adult tissues. Our new bovine genome annotation extended more than 11,000 annotated gene borders compared to Ensembl or NCBI annotations. The resulting bovine transcriptome was integrated with publicly available quantitative trait loci data to study tissue-tissue interconnection involved in different traits and construct the first bovine trait similarity network.ConclusionsThese validated results show significant improvement over current bovine genome annotations.