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The literature on the effect of private supplementary tutoring has not yet reached a unanimous conclusion. In the context of the marketization of educational resources in China, this paper uses data from the Chinese Education Panel Survey (CEPS) and employs the two-stage least squares method (TSLS) to investigate the causal impact of private supplementary tutoring participation on junior middle school students' academic achievement. After addressing the endogeneity issue of private supplementary tutoring participation, the results show that private supplementary tutoring significantly reduced the overall standardized scores of junior high school students, as well as their standardized scores in Chinese, mathematics, and English. Heterogeneity analysis shows that students attending lower-ranked schools are more adversely affected by private supplementary tutoring. Further analysis shows that the more academic pressure students face, the greater the negative impact of private supplementary tutoring on their academic achievement. Therefore, for students with heavy homework, blindly participating in private supplementary tutoring could exacerbate the academic achievement gap among students, which is detrimental to the balanced development of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that arises during the neonatal period, and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The disorder of microvascular development plays a significant role in the development of BPD. This article presents a comprehensive review of the advancements made in understanding the mechanisms and treatment approaches related to microvascular development in the pathogenesis of BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to study the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by conducting bioinformatics analyses and identifying and validating the associated ferroptosis-related genes to explore new directions for treating BPD. Methods: The dataset GSE32472 on BPD was downloaded from the public genome database. Using R language, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the BPD and normal group were screened. In the present study, we adopted weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) for identifying BPD-related gene modules and ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from FerrDb. Their results were intersected to obtain the hub genes. After that, to explore the hub gene-related signaling pathways, the hub genes were exposed to gene ontology enrichment analysis. With the purpose of verifying the mRNA expression of the hub genes, a single-gene gene set enrichment analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were conducted. Immune cell infiltration in BPD was analyzed using the CIBERSORT inverse fold product algorithm. Results: A total of 606 DEGs were screened. WGCNA provided the BPD-related gene module darkgreen4. The intersection of DEGs, intramodular genes, and ferroptosis-related genes revealed six ferroptosis-associated hub genes (ACSL1, GALNT14, WIPI1, MAPK14, PROK2, and CREB5). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the hub genes screened for BPD were of good diagnostic significance. According to the results of immune infiltration analysis, the proportions of CD8, CD4 naive, and memory resting T cells and M2 macrophage were elevated in the normal group, and the proportions of M0 macrophage, resting mast cell, and neutrophils were increased in the BPD group. Conclusions: A total of six ferroptosis-associated hub genes in BPD were identified in this study, and they may be potential new therapeutic targets for BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the application value of four-dimensional arterial spin labeling (4D-ASL) in evaluating the efficacy of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Forty-eight patients with CIS who were hospitalized in Chenjiaqiao Hospital from August 2021 to January 2023 within 7 days after the onset of the disease were selected to receive three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL), 4D-ASL magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and functional independence measure (FIM) scores before and after treatment, respectively. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the infarct core area and contralateral mirror area were recorded, and the relationship between the CBF values before and after treatment was analyzed. The collateral circulation was judged according to the dotted or banded high signal around the infarct area of 3D-ASL image, and the correlation between relative CBF (rCBF) and FIM with and without collateral circulation was analyzed. The morphology of cerebral vessels was observed by 4D-ASL MRA. The results showed that the CBF values in the core area of the infarction before and after treatment were lower than those in the contralateral mirror area, and the CBF values before treatment were lower than those after treatment, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The rCBF and FIM scores before and after treatment were lower than those after treatment. The rCBF and FIM scores before and after treatment were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Around the core infarction area, rCBF with collateral circulation was higher than that without collateral circulation (P< 0.05). 4D-ASL MRA showed collateral vessels in 12 cases, and the coincidence rate with 3D-ASL was 75%. 4D-ASL technology can effectively evaluate CBF and collateral circulation, dynamically display the morphology of cerebral vessels, and achieve the effect of digital subtraction angiography. 4D-ASL has certain predictive value in the evaluation of CIS efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]