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This paper attempts to explain the dynamic process of the relationship between geopolitics and transnational political identity communication during the Cold War, and takes the Kuomintang army in northern Thailand as a classic case for analysis. During the Cold War, different political forces played games with each other, which jointly promoted the formation of different identities of the Kuomintang army in northern Thailand. All political forces, whether out of strategic considerations or security considerations, have caused the "alienation" of northern Thailand. The connotation of Cold War "alienation" is the formation of a "multi hierarchical system" in northern Thailand. This further led to the "diversification" of the political identity of the Kuomintang troops living here. The linkage between region and identity has led to different interactions among units at all levels in the international system.

Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. Excess body weight (including overweight and obesity), a risk factor of cancer, is highly prevalent in China. We aimed to estimate the number and proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight and their changes from 2006 to 2015 in China.Methods: We calculated the proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight during 2006-2015 in China. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated with: 1) prevalence of overweight/obesity, exacted from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1997, 2000, and 2004; 2) relative risks (RRs) for excess body weight and site-specific cancers, obtained from published studies; 3) data on cancer deaths in 2006, 2010, and 2015, originated from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report.Results: In 2015, excess body weight contributed to 45,385 cancer deaths (3.17% of all) in China. The highest fraction of cancer deaths attributable to excess body weight was in the northeast (4.18%, 95% CI: 1.44-7.22%), whereas the lowest one was in the west (1.69%, 95%CI: 0.55-3.03%). The fractions of cancer deaths attributable to excess body weight were higher in women than that in men (2.12% VS. 1.73% for overweight; 1.68% VS. 0.92% for obesity). During 2006 - 2015, the overall PAF attributed to overweight decreased slightly and then increased, whereas the corresponding figure was on the rise for obesity.Conclusion: Proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight was higher in women, and subjects in the east and northeast, and was on an upward trend in recent decades. A combination of comprehensive and individualized measures is necessary to reduce the prevalence of excess body weight and related cancer burden in China.

Epidemiological studies have reported an association between traffic-related pollution with risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence from prospective studies on the association of walkability and nitrogen dioxide (NOA total of 17,965 participants without MetS diagnosed within one year at baseline were included in our study from a population-based prospective cohort in Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Participants were followed up by the regional Health Information System (HIS) until December 15, 2021. MetS was defined based on the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS2004). We used walkscore tools, calculating with amenity categories and decay functions, and spatial-temporal land-use regression (LUR) models to estimate walkability and NOOverall, we followed up 77,303 person-years and identified 4040 incident cases of MetS in the entire cohort. Higher walkability was inversely associated with incident MetS (HR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.91-0.99), whereas NOIn summary, we found living in areas with lower walkability and higher concentrations of NO

Walkability has been considered to be associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but the relationship between walkability and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. Moreover, fine particulate matter (PMWe used prospective data of 29,572 participants from the Yinzhou cohort in Ningbo, China. COPD cases were diagnosed based on the Yinzhou Health Information System (YHIS). Walkability was measured using walk score in relation to the built environment based on geographic information systems (GIS). Air pollution levels were assessed by fitting land use regression (LUR) models. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationships of PMOverall, a total of 29,572 participants were included in the final analysis and 722 COPD incident cases were identified during 134,846 person-years of follow-up. Compared with subjects with lower walkability, individuals with higher walkability had a decreased risk of COPD (HR = 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.82-0.95) for every IQR increase. By contrast, exposure to PMLiving in a highly walkable neighborhood could decrease risk of COPD, whereas high levels of PM

Parametric upconversion, which can convert infrared (IR) light into the visible (VIS) band, has been regarded as a successful innovative strategy for IR detection. However, the traditional upconversion technique can get only intensity information of IR light, while completely dropping its polarization information. In this paper, we present a nonlinear polarization imaging technique based on parametric upconversion that can decipher near-IR (NIR) light polarization from that of upconverted VIS waves. Assisted by the parametric upconversion process in a nanometers thin lithium niobate film, the polarization states of NIR fundamental frequency (FF) light are encoded into the generated VIS wave. Based on the nonlinear Stokes–Mueller formalism developed here, FF polarization is successfully retrieved from upconverted VIS light. High-precision polarization imaging over various targets is demonstrated using our technique, which provides a fresh perspective on manufacturing novel polarimeters for various NIR polarization imaging and metrological applications.

With the help of Markov approximation, a layer-structured random medium which may produce a far-zone scattered field with ring-shaped optical coherence lattice (RSOCL) distributions is discussed, and properties of the RSOCL produced by such a medium are investigated. It is shown from the distribution of the RSOCL that the diameter of each Gaussian profile lobe, the radial distance of all adjacent lobes, the number of the rings, the number of the lobe of each ring, and the radial distance of the array rings can be properly controlled by adjusting structural parameters of the scattering medium. Furthermore, by a method of superposition of several non-negative weight functions, a RSOCL with tunable lobes intensity distribution was obtained.

The possibility for a particulate medium to produce field which can behave as a beam is discussed. It is demonstrated that when a plane light wave is scattered from a particulate medium, the beam condition, i.e., the condition under which the scattered field could retain its beam-like form, is governed by both the property of each particle and the property of the distribution characteristic. As an example, the scattered field of a collection of Gaussian-distributed particles is discussed, and some special cases are investigated to illustrate the beam condition.

The relationship between the properties of the far-zone field and the characteristics of the scattering medium for an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a quasi-homogeneous anisotropic medium is investigated. It is shown that the spectral density and the spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field can be factorized as a product of two parts, the one is dependent on the polarization of the incident field, and the other is dependent on the characteristics of the medium. The medium-dependent part displays two reciprocity relations, i.e. the normalized spectral density of the scattered field is proportional to the Fourier transform of the normalized correlation coefficient of the scattering potential, and the spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field is proportional to the Fourier transform of the strength of scattering potential. An example of Gaussian-correlated, quasi-homogeneous, anisotropic medium is discussed to illustrate these reciprocity relations.

Within the validity of the first-order Born approximation and far-field approximation, the possibility for producing scattered fields with various intensity distributions is discussed. It is shown that when light waves are scattered from a collection of particles with random distribution, the intensity distribution of the scattered field can be manipulated by properly controlling the distribution characteristics of particles in the collection. To illustrate this result, three special cases of a particulate medium are discussed to produce scattered spectral density with Gaussian distributions, circular flattened distributions, and ring-like distributions, respectively.

The behavior of light waves on scattering from an ellipsoidal quasi-homogeneous particle with arbitrary orientation is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that the orientation of a particle plays an important role for the spectral density and for the spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field. Numerical result shows that, when the ellipsoidal particle features rotational symmetry, the profile of the far zone distribution is governed by the polar angle of a particle's orientation, while the orientation of the far zone distribution is governed by the azimuthal angle of a particle's orientation.

The equivalence theorem of light waves on scattering from two media with different types, i.e. the continuous medium and the particulate medium, is discussed. It is shown that the normalized spectral density or the spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field may demonstrate identical distribution when certain conditions between these two media are satisfied. As an example, the scattering of light waves from a Gaussian-centered quasi-homogeneous medium and from a collection of particles with Gaussian-centered quasi-homogeneous distribution is investigated, and the condition for identical normalized spectral density and the condition for identical spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field are obtained.