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BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Insufficient physical activity has become an important public health problem worldwide. As mobile apps have rapidly developed, physical activity apps have the potential to improve the level of physical activity among populations. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical activity apps on levels of physical activity among college students. MethodsA Web-based questionnaire was used to survey college students in Beijing from December 27, 2017, to January 5, 2018. According to a previous survey, 43% of college students using physical activity apps and 36% of those who never used such apps achieved the physical activity recommendations. In this study, the sample size was calculated to be 500. The questionnaire consisted of 5 parts: the use of physical activity apps, sports habits, social support, self-efficacy, and social demographic information. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the use of physical activity apps, self-efficacy, social support, and level of physical activity. ResultsOf the 1245 participants, 384 college students (30.8%) used physical activity apps (in the past month). Of these 384 students, 191 (49.7%) gained new friends via the app. College students who were using physical activity apps had a higher level of physical activity and higher scores for social support and self-efficacy (P

Abstract Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a technique for macromolecule identification that utilizes the complementarity of DNA or DNA/RNA double strands. Probes, crafted from selected DNA strands tagged with fluorophore-coupled nucleotides, hybridize to complementary sequences within the cells and tissues under examination. These are subsequently visualized through fluorescence microscopy or imaging systems. However, the vast number of cells and disorganized nucleic acid sequences in FISH images present significant challenges. The manual processing and analysis of these images are not only time-consuming but also prone to human error due to visual fatigue. To overcome these challenges, we propose the integration of medical imaging with deep learning to develop an automated detection system for FISH images. This system features an algorithm capable of quickly detecting fluorescent spots and capturing their coordinates, which is crucial for evaluating cellular characteristics in cancer diagnosis. Traditional models struggle with the small size, low resolution, and noise prevalent in fluorescent points, leading to significant performance declines. This paper offers a detailed examination of these issues, providing insights into why traditional models falter. Comparative tests between the YOLO series models and our proposed method affirm the superior accuracy of our approach in identifying fluorescent dots in FISH images.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between macronutrient intake and sleep quality， the current sleep quality of pregnant women from ten cities in China was investigated.MethodsMultistage stratified sampling was used to investigate the nutrient intake and sleep quality of 863 pregnant women in ten Chinese cities. Twenty-four dietary intake， sleep quality， perinatal depression， and other information was obtained using physical measurements and a questionnaire. Logistic and multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between macronutrient intake and sleep quality.ResultsThe prevalence of poor sleep quality among pregnant women was 46.12%； pregnant women who were in the third trimester， who had depression， were currently unemployed， passively smoked during pregnancy， and had a history of previous alcohol consumption， demonstrated a higher levels of poor sleep quality （P

The paper presents a discrete-time mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for a generalised flexible job-shop scheduling problem as represented by a state-task network. The problem is characterised by reentrant flow, sequence-dependent changeover time, machine downtime, and skilled labour requirements. Two preprocessing procedures are proposed to reduce the size of the MILP model, and represent a major contribution of the research. The procedures reduce the number of assignment variables by exploiting job precedence and workforce qualifications. Machine availability for each task is determined as a function of possible start and end times, given duration, and maintenance schedule. The overall objective is to maximise the number of scheduled tasks while minimising their total finish time. Computational experiments are conducted with real and randomly generated instances. The results show that optimal solutions can be obtained for medium-size problems within a reasonable amount of time, primarily due to the use of the preprocessing procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the collection and management of data from scientific research and introduced technical details. Analysis covers the general characteristics of 29 projects from studies of basic medicine in 2020, which shed light on overall understanding of the scientific data collection process and its implementation. In addition, this study substantially facilitates capacity building for gathering, processing and managing of research data while promoting open sharing. circulation, utilization of data and yielding added-value.

The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery on severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We performed a retrospective chart review study of 258 severe POP patients who underwent surgery between November 2010 and September 2016. One hundred forty patients underwent traditional vaginal surgery and 118 TVM surgery. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation (POP-Q) staging was used for objective evaluation. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Disease Life Impact Questionnaire Simplified Version-7 (PFIQ-7), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12) were used for subjective evaluation. Their complications were also recorded. All the data were collected in the outpatient department through the follow-up at 3 months, 1, 3, and 5 years after the operation. Forty patients in the traditional vaginal surgery group and 25 in the TVM group were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the POP-Q score between the groups (P = 0.346). The recurrence rate increased with follow-up time, reaching nearly 20% in the two groups by 5 years. The TVM group has higher PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores and lower PISQ-12 scores than the traditional vaginal surgery group at six months, 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Mesh exposure has occurred in the TVM group. Both surgeries showed similar objective satisfaction and recurrence rate. However, traditional vaginal surgery has higher subjective satisfaction than TVM in our study and does not risk exposure to prosthetic material.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly risks maternal and neonatal health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate various diseases but their role in GDM is unclear. We investigated the involvement of circ‐ADAM9 in GDM. Methods: We analyzed circ‐ADAM9 expression in GDM‐related microarray data (GSE182737) and measured its levels in the blood of GDM patients. In a high‐fat diet‐induced GDM mouse model, we inhibited circ‐ADAM9 expression and tracked blood glucose levels, serum insulin, lipid levels, placental apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Pathological changes in pancreatic tissues and fetal outcomes were also examined. Molecular interactions were explored using bioinformatics tools and validated through luciferase assays, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and Western blotting in high glucose (HG)‐induced human trophoblast cells (HTR‐8/SVneo). We further investigated the involvement of circ‐ADAM9/miR‐375/FPR2 axis in HG‐induced injury in HTR‐8/SVneo cells by assessing cell viability, apoptosis, ROS production, and antioxidant levels. Results: Both GDM patients and GDM‐induced mice exhibited a substantial upregulation of circ‐ADAM9. Knockdown of circ‐ADAM9 lowered blood glucose, alleviated insulin resistance, improved lipid metabolism, decreased placental apoptosis and ROS levels, and reduced pancreatic lesions in GDM mice. Circ‐ADAM9 downregulation also improved fetal viability, weight, and crown‐rump length. In HG‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells, circ‐ADAM9 overexpression and miR‐375 downregulation were evident. Overexpression of miR‐375 inhibited circ‐ADAM9 activity, substantiating their binding interaction. In GDM mice, circ‐ADAM9 deficiency restored miR‐375 expression. TargetScanHuman predicted and luciferase assays confirmed the miR‐375‐FPR2 interaction and elevated FPR2 levels in GDM mice were reduced by circ‐ADAM9 silencing. In HG‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells, circ‐ADAM9 knockdown restored cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and ROS levels, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels. These effects were reversed by miR‐375 inhibition or FPR2 overexpression, suggesting circ‐ADAM9 upregulates FPR2 expression by sponging miR‐375 and modulating the MAPK pathway. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the expression and function of circ‐ADAM9 in the progression of GDM. Circ‐ADAM9 downregulation ameliorates insulin resistance and placental injury in GDM by modulating the miR‐375/FPR2 axis and inactivating the MAPK pathway, which may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Although the nutritional composition of organic food has been thoroughly researched, there is a dearth of published data relating to its impact on human health. Objective This systematic review aimed to examine the association between organic food intake and health effects, including changes in in vivo biomarkers, disease prevalence, and functional changes. Data Sources PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through Nov 13, 2022. Data Extraction Both observational and interventional studies conducted in human populations were included, and association between level of organic food intake and each outcome was quantified as "no association," "inconsistent," "beneficial correlation/harmful correlation," or "insufficient". For outcomes with sufficient data reported by at least 3 studies, meta-analyses were conducted, using random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences. Data Analysis Based on the included 23 observational and 27 interventional studies, the association between levels of organic food intake and (i) pesticide exposure biomarker was assessed as "beneficial correlation," (ii) toxic metals and carotenoids in the plasma was assessed as "no association," (iii) fatty acids in human milk was assessed as "insufficient," (iv) phenolics was assessed as "beneficial", and serum parameters and antioxidant status was assessed as "inconsistent". For diseases and functional changes, there was an overall "beneficial" association with organic food intake, and there were similar findings for obesity and body mass index. However, evidence for association of organic food intake with other single diseases was assessed as "insufficient" due to the limited number and extent of studies. Conclusion Organic food intake was found to have a beneficial impact in terms of reducing pesticide exposure, and the general effect on disease and functional changes (body mass index, male sperm quality) was appreciable. More long-term studies are required, especially for single diseases. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350175. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence on the association between red meat consumption and lung cancer risk is weak. This study examined the associations between red meat and lung cancer across levels of antioxidant intake from foods or supplements. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Baseline food frequency questionnaires measured red meat and antioxidant intake. The food-based Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (fCDAI) evaluated the overall natural intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, magnesium, and selenium. During 13 years of follow-up, 95,647 participants developed 1599 lung cancer cases. Higher red meat consumption was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (HRQ4vsQ1 1.43, 95%CI 1.20–1.71, p-trend < 0.001). We observed similar trends across groups with low or medium levels of antioxidant intake. However, no association was noticed in the group with the highest fCDAI (HRQ4vsQ1 1.24, 95%CI 0.90–1.72, p-trend = 0.08) and highest independent natural antioxidant intake. The attenuated risk was not consistently observed among groups with high supplement use. Lastly, we did not notice evidence of interactions between red meat and antioxidant intake. Our findings emphasize the importance of limiting red meat in lung cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring proper early feeding for young children is crucial, as encountering feeding difficulties (FD) during this stage can give rise to a cascade of health problems, the repercussions of which may endure into late childhood and adolescence. Children raised by transgender parents may be at risk of encountering FD, however, there is no research conducted on Chinese transgender families. We designed a cross-sectional survey in which the rate of FD and its influencing factors were investigated among transgender parents in China. A total of 446 Chinese transgender parents (average age 30.39 years) were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the influencing factors of FD among children of transgender parents. We also established structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the possible pathways among these factors and FD. The rate of FD in children of Chinese transgender parents is 55.4%, with 34.5% having severe FD. Coming out after having a child (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.33 ∼ 3.91), family violence (AOR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.04 ∼ 1.09), partner violence (AOR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.08 ∼ 1.15), no feeding education (accepting feeding education: AOR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.25 ∼ 0.74), being discriminated during seeking of childbearing health care (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.3 ∼ 3.05), and poor relationship with partner (fair: AOR = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.03 ∼ 0.22; good: AOR = 0.06, 95%CI = 0.02 ∼ 0.15) are significantly associated with higher FD. Furthermore, through the pathway analysis, the indirect effects of education level (β=−0.151), feeding education (β = 0.145), and relationship with partner (β=-0.196) on FD are observed. Children of Chinese transgender parents showed a high FD rate. It is crucial to help build a better family and social environment for transgender families to reduce the FD and improve children's and adolescents' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]