Search

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive cancer in the world. Microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are important molecular subtypes of CRC closely related to tumor occurrence and progression and immunotherapy efficacy. The presence of CD8+ CXCR5+ follicular cytotoxic T (TFC) cells is strongly associated with autoimmune disease and CD8+ effector function. However, the roles of TFC cells in MSI-high CRC and MSS CRC are unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the characteristics of TFC cells in CRC and compare their biological functions between MSI-high and MSS CRC. Methods: We explored the expression of TFC cell in tumor tissues and peripheral blood in our clinical cohort and public datasets. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing, we explored the potential function of TFC cells and developed a prediction model for CRC. We also compared the biological functions of these cells between MSS and MSI-high CRC and used flow cytometry and coculture experiments to explore their potential regulatory functions. Results: TFC cell markers are downregulated in tumor tissues and patient peripheral blood vs. controls. The prediction model for CRC performed well in the training and validation cohorts (KM plot p < 0.001). MSS CRC patients exhibit enrichment of genes related to the cell cycle (MKI67) and T cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and decreased enrichment of immune checkpoint markers (PD1, TIM3, and LAG3). The expression of TFC cell-related genes is positively correlated with that of CD8+IFN-γ+-related genes and closely related to that of TLS-related genes in MSS CRC. The proportion of TFC cells is positively correlated with that of CD19+CD38+ B cells in MSS CRC. Conclusions: The prognostic prediction model has good predictive value. In MSS CRC, TFC cells function mostly in T cell activation and the cell cycle and have low expression of immune checkpoint molecules, which may influence the effectiveness of ICB therapy. TFC cells may regulate antitumor function by regulating CD19+ CD38+ B cells and TLSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roegneria kamoji accession ZY 1007 was resistant to the mixed predominant races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici ( Pst) in China based on field tests at adult-plant stage. The seedling resistance evaluation of ZY 1007 showed that it was resistant to stripe rust physiological strains CYR29, CYR33 and PST-V26, which were the predominant races of Pst in China. The female parent R. kamoji cv. Gansi No.1 (susceptible to Pst) was crossed with ZY 1007 (resistant to Pst). Parents, F1 and F2 populations were tested in a field inoculated with the mixed urediniospores. ZY 1007 and all the observed 11 F1 hybrid plants were resistant, while plants of Gansi No.1 were susceptible. Among the 221 F2 plants, 168 plants were resistant and 53 were susceptible, and the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants fits 3R:1S ratio ( χ2 = 0.074, P > 0.75). It confirmed that the resistance of stripe rust in ZY 1007 was controlled by a single dominant gene and temporarily designated as YrK1007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the forest management inventories in Lushihe Forest Bureau of Changbai Mountains in 1987, 1995 and 2003, and by using ArcGIS and Fragstats spatial analysis software, this paper analyzed the relationships between landscape pattern change and forest management mechanism in the study area at landscape and patch scales. During the study period, the landscape fragmentation degree and heterogeneity in the study area increased. From 1987 to 2003, the patch number increased by 979, while the proportion of the largest patch area decreased from 28.7% to 12.7%. With the change of management strategy, the landscape matrix changed from mixed broadleaved forest matrix in 1987 to compound matrix in 1995. The extent of landscape fragmentation in 1995-2003 was somewhat reduced, compared with that in 1987-1995. During the study period, the mean patch area and edge density of broadleaved mixed forest decreased most, suggesting that natural secondary forest suffered most from human disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive cancer in the world. Microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are important molecular subtypes of CRC closely related to tumor occurrence and progression and immunotherapy efficacy. The presence of CD8 + CXCR5 + follicular cytotoxic T (T FC ) cells is strongly associated with autoimmune disease and CD8 + effector function. However, the roles of T FC cells in MSI-high CRC and MSS CRC are unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the characteristics of T FC cells in CRC and compare their biological functions between MSI-high and MSS CRC., Methods: We explored the expression of T FC cell in tumor tissues and peripheral blood in our clinical cohort and public datasets. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing, we explored the potential function of T FC cells and developed a prediction model for CRC. We also compared the biological functions of these cells between MSS and MSI-high CRC and used flow cytometry and coculture experiments to explore their potential regulatory functions., Results: T FC cell markers are downregulated in tumor tissues and patient peripheral blood vs. controls. The prediction model for CRC performed well in the training and validation cohorts (KM plot p < 0.001). MSS CRC patients exhibit enrichment of genes related to the cell cycle (MKI67) and T cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and decreased enrichment of immune checkpoint markers (PD1, TIM3, and LAG3). The expression of T FC cell-related genes is positively correlated with that of CD8 + IFN-γ + -related genes and closely related to that of TLS-related genes in MSS CRC. The proportion of T FC cells is positively correlated with that of CD19 + CD38 + B cells in MSS CRC., Conclusions: The prognostic prediction model has good predictive value. In MSS CRC, T FC cells function mostly in T cell activation and the cell cycle and have low expression of immune checkpoint molecules, which may influence the effectiveness of ICB therapy. T FC cells may regulate antitumor function by regulating CD19 + CD38 + B cells and TLSs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Cancer Hospital., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: For the management of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis in patients with rectal cancer, selective LLN dissection (LLND) is gradually being accepted by Chinese scholars. Theoretically, fascia-oriented LLND allows radical tumor resection and protects of organ function. However, there is a lack of studies comparing the efficacy of fascia-oriented and traditional vessel-oriented LLND. Through a preliminary study with a small sample size, we found that fascia-oriented LLND was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative urinary and male sexual dysfunction and a higher number of examined LLNs. In this study, we increased the sample size and refined the postoperative functional outcomes., Aim: To compare the effects of fascia- and vessel-oriented LLND regarding short-term outcomes and prognosis., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on data from 196 patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision and LLND from July 2014 to August 2021. The short-term outcomes included perioperative outcomes and postoperative functional outcomes. The prognosis was measured based on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)., Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the final analysis and were divided into fascia- and vessel-oriented groups that included 41 and 64 patients, respectively. Regarding the short-term outcomes, the median number of examined LLNs was significantly higher in the fascia-oriented group than in the vessel-oriented group. There were no significant differences in the other short-term outcomes. The incidence of postoperative urinary and male sexual dysfunction was significantly lower in the fascia-oriented group than in the vessel-oriented group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative lower limb dysfunction between the two groups. In terms of prognosis, there was no significant difference in PFS or OS between the two groups., Conclusion: It is safe and feasible to perform fascia-oriented LLND. Compared with vessel-oriented LLND, fascia-oriented LLND allows the examination of more LLNs and may better protect postoperative urinary function and male sexual function., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Under the background of domestic and international pressure of carbon emission reduction and the requirement of energy structure adjustment, renewable energy development is under great pressure in China. Renewable energy development on abandoned mine areas has great potential due to its large area. It has great significance to develop renewable energy on abandoned mine areas for China's energy strategy. This study proposed the development scenarios of biomass energy and solar energy and estimated the development potential of renewable energy on abandoned mine areas in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the area of abandoned mine areas in Liaoning Pro-vince is 1227.6 km 2 , the potential of renewable energy development is large, and the potential of renewable energy in each scenario is quite different. In scenario 1, with the goal mode of maximizing the generation of photovoltaic power, the total generating capacity is 79.4 TWh, the total coal discount is 32.1 Mt standard coal, and the carbon reduction is 79.1 Mt CO 2 . In scenario 2, with the goal mode of maximizing biomass energy utilization, the total power generation from photovoltaic and biomass energy is 31.2-33.1 TWh, the total coal discount is 12.7-13.4 Mt standard coal, and the carbon emission reduction is 31.1-33.0 Mt CO 2 . In scenario 3, with the goal mode of maximizing comprehensive utilization of mine energy and consideration of ecological restoration, the total gene-rating capacity from photovoltaic and biomass energy is 62.3-63.7 TWh, the total coal discount is 25.1-25.7 Mt standard coal, and the carbon emission reduction is 62.1-63.5 Mt CO 2 . Under the three scenarios, the generation capacity range of is 31.2-79.4 TWh, accounting for 15.3%-38.9% of the total power consumption in Liaoning Province in 2016, which could be converted into 12.7-32.1 Mt standard coal, and contribute to a reduction of 31.1-79.1 Mt CO 2 emission. The calculations of new energy development potential on abandoned mine areas and quantification of its capacity of alternatives to fossil energy will be helpful for carbon emission reduction, energy structure adjustment, and the recovery of the mining ecosystem.

Based on the forest management inventories in Lushihe Forest Bureau of Changbai Mountains in 1987, 1995 and 2003, and by using ArcGIS and Fragstats spatial analysis software, this paper analyzed the relationships between landscape pattern change and forest management mechanism in the study area at landscape and patch scales. During the study period, the landscape fragmentation degree and heterogeneity in the study area increased. From 1987 to 2003, the patch number increased by 979, while the proportion of the largest patch area decreased from 28. 7% to 12.7%. With the change of management strategy, the landscape matrix changed from mixed broad-leaved forest matrix in 1987 to compound matrix in 1995. The extent of landscape fragmentation in 1995-2003 was somewhat reduced, compared with that in 1987-1995. During the study period, the mean patch area and edge density of broadleaved mixed forest decreased most, suggesting that natural secondary forest suffered most from human disturbances.

Objective: To observe the magnifying effect of conduit bridging in number of nerve fibers of broken peripheral nerves., Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Group A underwent transection of the sciatic nerves and bridging of the complete proximal sciatic nerve stump and the distal sciatic stump in a conduit sutured with 8 - 0 nylon chord with a 2-mm gap. In Group B, the sciatic nerve was transected, the proximal stump was divided into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve bundles 5 mm proximal to the transection site, the common peroneal nerve bundle was ligated and transected, and then the proximal stump of the tibial nerve and the distal sciatic stump were bridged with a conduit with a 2-mm gap. In Group C, the sciatic nerve was transected, the proximal stump was divided into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve bundles 10 mm proximal to the transection site, the tibial nerve bundle was ligated and transected, and then the proximal stump of the common peroneal nerve and the distal sciatic stump were bridged with a conduit with a 2-mm gap. In group D, the tibial nerve was transected 5 mm distal to the branch site, 2/3 of the tibial nerve fibers were ligated and transected, and then the remnant 1/3 fibers of the proximal stump of tibial nerve were bridged to the distal stump of tibial in a conduit. In Group E the tibial nerve was transected 5 mm distal to the branch site, and then the complete proximal tibial nerve stump was bridged to the distal stump of tibial nerve in a conduit Electrophysiological examination was conducted 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks later. Pathological examination was performed with immunohistochemistry, HE staining and osmic acid staining., Results: One week after surgery, edema and ulcer in the hind limbs were found in most rats; toe necrosis was seen in part of the rats, and since 3 weeks later these pathological changes began to disappear gradually. The motion of hind limbs recovered since 4 weeks after the surgery. Osmic acid staining 12 weeks later showed that the numbers of distal myelin sheath at the distal end were more than that in the proximal end by 34.4% in Group A, 39.6% in Group B, 80.4% in Group C, 101.1% in Group D, and 48.9% in Group E., Conclusion: The axon number distal to the transaction site becomes significantly more than that at the proximal end after bridging. The magnification effect of the bridging of homologous nerve is greater than that of non-homologous nerve. It is possible to repair the thicker nerve at the distal broken end with thinner nerve at the proximal end clinically.

Objective: To describe the rule of the schwann cell proliferation after peripheral nerve injury in detail and to discover the effect of neuroanastomosis., Methods: The model of rat sciatic injury was made, with neuroanastomosis on the left side and right side untreated. Then draw the materials 24, 48 h, 4, 7, 14, 21 d after surgery. And immunohistological stain counted the schwann cell per view with Qwin software of Leica Ltd., Results: The number of schwann cell increased obviously 4 d after surgery and reached the peak in 7 d. Then it fell down and the neuroanastomosis group changed slower and fibroblast hyperplasia in the untreated., Conclusions: The axon support is essential for the schwann cell. The precise rule is help for study on neurotrophic factor.

Objective: To investigate the possibility of bridging small peripheral nerve gap using a de-acetyl chitosan conduit., Methods: The sciatic nerves of right sides were cut at SD rats. They were divided into 5 Groups randomly; Group A: epineurium suture in situ (n = 24); Group B: biological conduit with a small gap for bridging the peripheral nerve (n = 24, with 5 mm gap); Group C: epineurium suture with distal stump rotated 180 degrees (n = 24); Group D: bridging the nerve by biological conduits with a small gap, but the distal stump rotated 180 degrees (n = 24, with 5 mm gap); Group E: biological conduit with a small gap for bridging the peripheral nerve with NGF (n = 24). Electrophysiological examination, histological examination and myelinated axon counting were applied after 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after operation respectively., Results: Regenerated nerve fibers were seen in the distal nerve segments of all 5 groups; The nerve conduction velocity of small gap group (group B, D) was faster than that of corresponding simple epineurium suture group (group A, C) at all 2, 4, 6, 8 week time point (P < 0.05). The myelinated axon counting of small gap group (group B, D) was faster than that of corresponding simple epineurium suture group (group A, C) at all 4, 6, 8 week time point (P < 0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference at 2 week time point., Conclusion: The repair effects of chitin conduit bridging peripheral nerve with small gap (5 mm) are better than that of epineurium suture directly, and possess the potential to substitute the epineurium suture.

Objective: To explore the possibilities of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) to adopt Schwann cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo in SD rats., Methods: MSCs were obtained from tibia and femur bone marrow and cultured in culture flasks. Beta-mercaptoethanol followed by retinoic acid, forskolin, basic-FGF, PDGF and heregulin were added to induce differentiation of MSCs'. Schwann cell markers, p75, S-100 and GFAP were used to discriminate induced properties of MSCs' by immunofluorescent staining. PKH-67-labelled MSCs were transplanted into the mechanically injured rat sciatic nerve, and laser confocal microscopy was performed to localize the PKH67 labelled MSCs in the injured sciatic nerve two weeks after the operation. Fluorescence PKH67 attenuation rule was evaluated by flow cytometry in vitro., Results: MSCs changed morphologically into cells resembling primary cultured Schwann cells after their induction in vitro. In vivo, a large number of MSCs were cumulated within the layer of epineurium around the injured nerve and expressed Schwann cell markers, p75, S-100, and GFAP., Conclusion: MSCs are able to support nerve fiber regeneration and re-myelination by taking on Schwann cell function, and can be potentially used as possible substitutable cells for artificial nerve conduits to promote nerve regeneration.

Objective: To observe the biomechanic properties of sciatic nerve at the suture site in rats following repairing., Methods: The right sciatic nerves of 40 white Sprague-Dawley 300-350 gm rats were exposed, cut and then repaired with 10-0 nylon sutures, laced in the epineurium. 0, 1, 3, 6 weeks after operation, the tensile strength of the sciatic nerves were measured, the data analyzed statistically., Results: The load-elongation curves for both the normal unoperated and operated nerves had the similar shape. The tensile strength of the 0 week was significant difference to 1, 3 and 6 weeks (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found among 1, 3 and 6 weeks., Conclusion: The tensile strength of the injured nerves are recovered in the first week and resistant in 6 weeks after repairing.