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ObjectiveTo propose targeted prevention and control measures， improve product quality， and ensure food safety， Salmonella contamination in the production and processing of prefabricated crispy pork in a large food processing factory was analyzed.MethodsA total of 103 meat samples were collected during the production and processing of prefabricated crispy pork， and 165 environmental samples were collected before processing. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Salmonella were performed. Finally， serological typing， multilocus sequence typing （MLST）， and pulsed filed gel electrophoresis （PFGE） typing of the isolated Salmonella strains were evaluated.ResultsThe isolation rate of Salmonella from meat samples was 47.6% （49/103）. The isolation rate of Salmonella from environmental samples was 1.2% （2/165）. Fifty-one Salmonella strains were divided into 9 serotypes and 9 STs. Among them， Salmonella enteritidis ST11 was dominant in the production and processing of prefabricated crispy pork， and was detected in the environment. Twenty-two strains of Salmonella enteritidis were divided into 7 PFGE bands， with a similarity of over 92.9%.ConclusionA high overall contamination rate of Salmonella was found in meat samples. Therefore， controlling Salmonella contamination of raw meat is key to improving product quality. The amount of Salmonella contamination in fried products can be effectively controlled. Furthermore， strict separation of processing and storage areas for poultry and stored products is necessary to prevent cross-contamination of microorganisms in food.

The development of electric arc furnace （EAF） short process steelmaking is an important way for the iron and steel industry to realize the goal of "double carbon". In recent years， the modern EAF technology has been developing rapidly， and the bottom-blowing stirring technology of EAF is also progressing and being promoted， which makes an important contribution to the high efficiency and energy saving in production with EAF. This paper summarizes the mechanism， process characteristics， system composition， gas type， bottom blowing element type and process arrangement of the electric arc furnace， and summarizes the application of the bottom blowing technology. Simulation calculations shows that the flow rate of molten steel is obviously low in the area far away from the bottom blowing device. By arranging the bottom blowingdevice and optimizing the volume of bottom blowing gas in conjunction with the furnace characteristics， it is possible to effectively enhance the dynamic conditions of the molten pool， facilitate the mass transfer of elements within the molten steel， thereby achieving the goal of reducing energy and raw material consumption， and enhancing production efficiency.Therefore， it can be inferred that conducting research， combining different techniques such as blowing， power supply andpowder injection， formulating bottom blowing process system according to the characteristics of different new furnaces， as well as realizing intelligent bottom blowing are important directions for the development of short process steelmaking of modern EAF

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after fixed 3.7GBq (100mCi) radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA).MethodsData from 265 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (CND) and received RRA treatment at a single institution between January 2018 and March 2023 were analyzed. Patients with certain exclusion criteria were excluded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for a non-excellent response (non-ER) to RRA. A nomogram was developed based on the risk factors, and its performance was validated using the Bootstrap method with 1,000 resamplings. A web-based dynamic calculator was developed for convenient application of the nomogram.ResultsThe study included 265 patients with intermediate-risk DTC. Significant differences were found between the ER group and the non-ER group in terms of CLNM>5, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, sTg level, TgAb level (P < 0.05). CLNM>5 and sTg level were identified as independent risk factors for non-ER in multivariate analysis. The nomogram showed high accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 (95% CI = 0.770–0.895). The nomogram’s predicted probabilities aligned closely with actual clinical outcomes.ConclusionsThis study developed a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk DTC patients after fixed 3.7GBq (100mCi) RRA. The nomogram incorporates CLNM>5 and sTg levels as risk factors for a non-ER response to RRA. The nomogram and web-based calculator can assist in treatment decision-making and improve the precision of prognosis information. Further research and validation are needed.

The experimental process of rebound testing of rubber material was simulated using finite element analysis software ABAQUS, and the energy changes during the rebound process were discussed, laying the foundation for further research on viscoelasticity of rubber materials. The results showed that the characterization results of the new method were basically consistent with the actual test results, proving that the fitted intrinsic equation was consistent with the properties of the material itself, and at the same time characterizing the accurate energy changes during the rebound process. During the impact process, the kinetic energy of the pendulum was mainly transformed into the elastic potential energy and dissipation energy of the specimen. In addition, by analyzing the changes in the temperature field of the sample model, it was more intuitive to observe the temperature rise due to the energy loss during rubber deformation, indicating that part of the lost kinetic energy was converted into thermal energy and dissipated into the environment.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination and drug resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella （NTS） during pig slaughter.MethodsA total of 170 carcasses and environmental samples were collected from two large-scale pig slaughterhouses in May and August 2021 in Shandong Province， China. Whole genome sequencing （WGS） combined with bioinformatics was used to analyze the data of the NTS isolates.ResultsNTS was detected in 29 of 170 pork samples， detection rate was 17.1%. Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant serotype （58.6%， 17/29） in the samples. The results of the drug sensitivity analysis showed that 29 NTS strains had 15 drug resistance spectra， with the highest rate of tetracycline resistance （100.0%， 29/29）， followed by ampicillin and chloramphenicol （79.3%， 23/29）. The multidrug resistance rate was 86.2% （25/29 patients）. Multilocus sequence typing （MLST） showed that ST19 was the main type， accounting for 48.3% （14/29） of cases. Analysis of drug resistance genes showed that they carried mainly tet（A）， tet（B）， tet（M）， blaTEM-1B， blaCMY-97， floR， cmlA1， etc.ConclusionThe phenomenon of NTS contamination exists in some pig slaughterhouses in Shandong Province. NTS has shown resistance to multiple antibiotics， suggesting that attention should be paid to the prevention of NTS in pig slaughterhouses.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the heat inactivation mechanics of Salmonella in commercial crispy meat and provide guidance for its safe consumption by studying the inactivation pattern of Salmonella in crispy meat at different heating temperatures.MethodsThe crispy meat inoculated with 108 CFU/g Salmonella typhimurium was heat treated at 80 ℃， 90 ℃， 100 ℃， 110 ℃， and 120 ℃ for a certain time. The thermal inactivation curves of Salmonella in crispy meat were fitted using a linear model， a Logistic model， and a Weibull model， and the optimal model was verified by external experiments.ResultsThe results showed that compared with the linear model and the Logistic model， the Weibull model was more suitable to describe the thermal inactivation of Salmonella in crispy meat. The judgment coefficient R2 of the primary model was more than 0.992 1， and the R2 of the secondary model was 0.949 2 and 0.995 9， respectively. The accuracy Af and deviation Bf of the model verified at 95 ℃ and 105 ℃ were within the acceptable range， which indicated that the model constructed in this experiment can better describe the inactivation pattern of Salmonella in crispy meat in the temperature range of 80 ℃-120 ℃.ConclusionThis study is expected to guide the safe heating of crispy meat to reduce microbial risk during consumption.

Objectives Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and becomes a major public health problem. At present, the pathogenesis of hypertension is unclear. Increasing evidence has proven that the pathogenesis of hypertension is closely related to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. We briefly reviewed relevant literature on gut microbiota and hypertension to summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, linked the antihypertension effects of drugs with their modulation on gut microbiota, and discussed the potential mechanisms of various gut microbes and their active metabolites to alleviate hypertension, thus providing new research ideas for the development of antihypertension drugs. Methods The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine. Results Hypertension can lead to gut microbiota imbalance and gut barrier dysfunction, including increased harmful bacteria and hydrogen sulfide and lipopolysaccharide, decreased beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids, decreased intestinal tight junction proteins and increased intestinal permeability. Gut microbiota imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of hypertension. At present, the main methods to regulate the gut microbiota include fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation of probiotics, antibiotics, diet and exercise, antihypertensive drugs, and natural medicines. Conclusions Gut microbiota is closely related to hypertension. Investigating the correlation between gut microbiota and hypertension may help to reveal the pathogenesis of hypertension from the perspective of gut microbiota, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Background There is an issue of mismatch between supply and demand of medical care resources in China. The implementation of contracted family doctor services is an effective measure to address the issue, and to improve the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. Therefore, it is urgent to speed up the training and ensure the training quality of general practice workforce. Objective To develop a comprehensive and systematic general practitioner (GP) competency model after analyzing the concept and structural domains of competencies (including inner competencies) required for GPs to deliver contracted healthcare services, providing insights into the realization of training eligible GPs in terms of quantity and quality, and the improvement of quality and efficiency of contracted services. Methods From December 2020 to September 2021, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 38 GPs from 10 medical institutions in four cities (Zhenjiang, Taizhou and Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, and Foshan in Guangdong Province) , then treated the interview results applying the three-level coding and theoretical saturation used in the grounded theory. After that, we developed a General Practitioner Competency Model. Results The model consists of 10 items, which belong to four domains: general care capability, humanistic practice capability, team cooperation capability, learning and development capability. General care capability and learning and development capability belong to external competencies, which represent the external performance and driving force of competencies, and determine the level of competencies of GPs to provide contracted services. Humanistic practice capability and team cooperation capability reflect the internal traits and competencies, which belong to the inner competencies, and determine the potential of GPs to provide contracted services. Conclusion The model developed by us is complete and comprehensive, in which the inner competencies of GPs have been fully explored, which may be contributive to the training of GPs delivering contracted services, and to the development of a GP competency assessment system using quantitative empirical methods.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a high-risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular events. Due to its complex aetiology and concealability, knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanism of CMD is still limited at present, which greatly restricts its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Studies have shown that CMD is closely related to a variety of cardiovascular diseases, can aggravate the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, and is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Improving coronary microvascular remodelling and increasing myocardial perfusion might be promising strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the pathogenesis and functional assessment of CMD are reviewed first, along with the relationship of CMD with cardiovascular diseases. Then, the latest strategies for the treatment of CMD and cardiovascular diseases are summarized. Finally, urgent scientific problems in CMD and cardiovascular diseases are highlighted and future research directions are proposed to provide prospective insights for the prevention and treatment of CMD and cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Hypertension has become one of the major public health problems in the world. At present, the pathogenesis of hypertension has still not been completely elucidated. In recent years, an increasing evidence shows that intestinal microecology is closely related to hypertension, which provides a new thinking for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of hypertension. Taking intestinal microecology as the target, it is possible to interpreting the scientific connotation of TCM prevention and treatment of hypertension by updating the treatment concept of hypertension, so as to improve the therapeutic effect. In our study, the clinical evidence for TCM treatment of hypertension was systematicly summarized. And the relationship among TCM, intestinal microecology and hypertension was analyzed. In addition, the methods by which TCM regulates intestinal microecology to prevent and treat hypertension were presented, to provide new research ideas for prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Objectives: This study aims to examine and explain the differences at city level in cumulative COVID-19 cases and time from first to last infection during the first 6 weeks of the epidemic in China. Methods: A quantitative study is conducted in China based on the multisource spatial data of 315 Chinese cities. Firstly, the spatial discrepancy of COVID-19 transmission was examined based on spatial autocorrelation analysis and hot pot analysis. Next, a comprehensive indicator framework was established by including a wide range of factors such as human mobility, geographical features, public health measures, and residents’ awareness. Finally, multivariate regression models using these variables were constructed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 transmission. Results: Significant spatial discrepancy of transmission was proved, and 10 determinants were identified. Conclusions: The transmission consequence (measured by the number of cumulative cases) was mostly correlated with the migration scale from Wuhan, followed by socioeconomic factors. Transmission duration (measured as the time from the first to last case within the city) was mostly determined by total migration scale and lockdown speed, which suggests that timely implementation of public health measures facilitated fast control of transmission. Residents’ attention to COVID-19 was proved to be not only helpful for reducing confirmed cases, but also in favor of rapid transmission control. Altitude produced slight but significant effect on transmission duration. These conclusions are expected to provide decision support for the local governments of China and other jurisdictions.