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Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (HLP) is one of the most important causes of acute pancreatitis. The pathogenesis is associated with the accumulation of free fatty acids which can activate the inflammatory response. Compared with other causes, HLP is more likely to have the clinical features characterized by more severe symptoms, more complications, and higher likelihood of persistent organ failure. The HLP patients always need lipid lowering therapy such as apheresis or insulin therapy to reduce serum triglyceride rapidly. Assessment of the presence of hyperlipidemia in patients of acute pancreatitis and prompt management are crucial for the prognosis and the prevention of recurrence. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of 5.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), compared with 3.0 T MRI and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Thirty-five patients with PCLs underwent 5.0 T MR alongside 3.0 T MR or MDCT. Two observers measured subjective and objective image quality scores. The consistency of two observers between 5.0 T and 3.0 T was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients. The characteristics of PCLs and their specific diagnosis, as well as benignity/malignancy, were evaluated across MDCT, 3.0 T, and 5.0 T MRI. Results: The 5.0 T MR demonstrated significantly higher subjective image quality and SNR on T1WI compared to that in 3.0 T MR (p < 0.05). The 5.0 T MRI identified more cyst lesions than the 3.0 T MRI (40 and 32) and MDCT (82 and 56). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant lesions with 5.0 T MRI (75%, 100%, and 91.4%, respectively) surpassed those of 3.0 T MRI and MDCT. The accuracy of the specific diagnosis of PCLs at 5.0 T MRI (80%) was superior to 3.0 T MRI and MDCT. Conclusions: 5.0 T MRI exhibits certain superiority in delineating details of PCLs and in clinical diagnostic accuracy, outperforming MDCT and 3.0 T MRI while maintaining sufficient image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : owing to the intricate nature, variability, and persistent oxygen-deficient environment associated with esophageal cancer (EC) tissues, radiotherapy (RT) sometimes doesn't work as well because some cancer cells can resist the radiation to a certain extent. This can lead to the cancer coming back in the same spot or even making the treatment ineffective. The integration of RT with oxygenation strategies is a common approach in cancer treatment. The advent of oxygen-enhancing sonodynamic therapy (SDT), leveraging the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has garnered significant attention as an innovative approach to inducing cell death. Methods : this study utilized nanobubbles (NBs) containing the acoustic sensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) to create a nanoplatform (ICG@O 2 NBs) that incorporates oxygen-enhanced SDT and RT. Besides, NBs are paired with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS), known as ultrasound-targeted nano-bubble destruction (UTND), for precise drug release and improved safety. Results : experimental findings, including JC-1/DCFH-DA assays, demonstrate that ICG@O 2 NBs effectively enhance the performance of both RT and SDT. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) demonstrated differential expression of mRNA and LncRNA prior to and after co-treatment. KEGG and GO pathway analysis were then conducted for enriching and recognizing target genes and pathways correlated with the sensitivity of RT, which were revealed to be remarkably clustered in RT-associated pathways. Conclusion : in vitro and in vivo investigations have indicated significant efficacy of synergistic treatments, highlighting the potential of combining NBs with SDT and RT for managing EC., Competing Interests: The authors state that no conflict of interest exists., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)