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Recent progress of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in malignant tumors is reviewed. Firstly, the development status of SERS detection technology was briefly introduced, and the advantages of SERS detection technology were put forward. Secondly, the development status of SERS technology in multi-system malignant tumor species was reviewed. Finally, the application of SERS in the diagnosis of multi-system malignant tumors was summarized and analyzed, and the prospect was put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pa0665 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa shares homologous sequences with that of the essential A-type iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster insertion protein ErpA in Escherichia coli. However, its essentiality in P. aeruginosa and its complementation with E. coli erpA has not been experimentally examined. To fulfill this task, we constructed plasmid-based ts-mutant Δpa0665/pTS-pa0665 using a three-step protocol. The mutant displayed growth defects at 42 °C, which were complemented by expressing ec.erpA. Microscopic observations indicated a petite cell phenotype for Δpa0665/pTS-pa0665 at 42 °C, correlated with the downregulation of the oprG gene. RNA sequencing revealed significant transcriptional changes in genes associated with the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, aligning with reduced ATP levels in Δpa0665/pTS-pa0665 under 42 °C. Additionally, the ts-mutant showed heightened sensitivity to H2O2 at 42 °C. Overall, our study demonstrates the essential role of pa0665 for OXPHOS function and is complemented by ec.erpA. We propose that the plasmid-based ts-allele is useful for genetic analysis of essential genes of interest in P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the research progress of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) research in the nervous system in recent years is reviewed. Firstly, the current status of neurotransmitter testing is briefly introduced, and the advantages of SERS detection technology are proposed. Secondly, the development status of SERS technology for neurotransmitters is reviewed, such as monoamines and amino acids. Thirdly, the SERS used to detect neurological diseases are mainly introduced, and SERS based microdevices are further introduced. In addition, the diagnostic applications of SERS in malignant tumors of the nervous system are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various diseases have seriously threatened the health of Chinese residents. Sensitive and accurate analysis of disease markers is very important for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of diseases. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore a sensitive, accurate, rapid, and noninvasive detection technology. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) uses light to interact with gold, silver, and other nanostructured materials to generate a strong surface plasmon resonance effect, which can significantly enhance the Raman signal of molecules adsorped on the nanostructured surface, and obtain rich fingerprints of the sample itself or Raman probe molecules with super sensitivity. This technology has the advantages of noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast analysis speed, low water interference, and other unique advantages, so it has a good application prospect in life science, clinical testing, and other aspects, and has become a kind of biological detection technology with great potential. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of SERS technology in the analysis of serum, urine, saliva, and tissue disease markers in recent years analyzed the problems and challenges to be solved by this technology in biological detection and prospected its future development prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test Purpose: The CATTI aims to measure competence in translation and interpreting (including simultaneous and consecutive interpreting) between Chinese and seven foreign languages: English, Japanese, French, Arabic, Russian, German, or Spanish. The test is intended to cover a wide range of domains including business, government, academia, and media, though it is not designed to assess literary translation. Length and administration: The CATTI test battery is divided into four levels of Senior, I, II, and III, from highest to lowest. The total test time for translation proficiency is 120 minutes; for interpreting proficiency, 60 minutes; for translation practice, 180 minutes; for interpreting practice at Levels I and II, 60 minutes; and for interpreting practice at Level III, 30 minutes. There is no translation or interpreting practice at the Senior level. The CATTI is administered by China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration (CFLPA) under the guidance of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China. CATTI English translation Levels II and III were the first to be piloted in December 2003. Since 2011, all levels have been implemented. The test is presently administered twice annually, in May and November. Test takers can choose to take either the translation or interpreting parts, or both. During the test, candidates are allowed to bring one English--Chinese and one Chinese--English paper dictionary, but the use of electronically assisted devices is not allowed. Scores: The Senior level is accredited rather than tested. This accreditation is based on real-world experience in translation and interpreting. Level I is assessed by a combination of the test and the completion of translated texts of no less than 200,000 words/ characters, or over 100 instances of field interpreting. Levels II and III are marked only according to performance on the test. The total score is 100 points, and the cut score is 60 points. Those who reach the required level will be awarded the corresponding Translation and Interpretation Proficiency Qualification Certificate of the People's Republic of China by CFLPA. The pass rate is approximately 15% every year. Author/publisher and contact information: China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration. No. 24, Baiwanzhuang Lu, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China. Tel: 86-10-68995947. Fee: The current fees for translation and consecutive interpreting Level I are 200 Yuan (US$31) and 300 Yuan (US$47) respectively, the fees for translation and interpreting Level II are 90 Yuan (US$14) and 100 Yuan (US$16) respectively, and the fees for translation and consecutive interpreting Level III are 75 Yuan (US$12) and 90 Yuan (US$14) respectively. The fee for simultaneous interpreting Level II is 400 Yuan (US$63). The launch of the CATTI has been conducive to the establishment of translation and interpreting as an independent profession, because the quality of translators and interpreters is now screened in a systematic way (Tang & Gentzler, 2009). Looking forward, however, there are areas where the current testing system might still be improved.

Purpose: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of cortical development that often causes pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. However, FCD lesions are frequently characterized by minor structural abnormalities that can easily go unrecognized, making diagnosis difficult. Therefore, many epileptic patients have had pathologically confirmed FCD lesions that appeared normal in pre‐surgical fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) studies. Such lesions are called "FLAIR‐negative." This study aimed to improve the detection of histopathologically verified FCD in a sample of patients without visually appreciable lesions. Methods: The technique first extracts a series of features from a FLAIR image. Then, three naive Bayesian classifiers with probability (NBCP) are trained based on different numbers of feature maps to classify voxels as lesional or healthy voxels and assign the lesions a probability of correct classification. This method classifies the three‐dimensional (3D) images of all patients using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV). Finally, the 3D lesion probability map, including epileptogenic lesions, is obtained by removing false‐positive voxel outliers using the morphological method. The performance of the NBCP was assessed for quantitative analysis by specificity, accuracy, recall, precision, and Dice coefficient in subject‐wise, lesion‐wise, and voxel‐wise manners. Results: The best detection results were obtained by using four features: cortical thickness, symmetry, K‐means, and modified texture energy. There were eight lesions in seven patients. The subject‐wise sensitivity of the proposed method was 85.71% (6/7). Seven out of eight lesions were detected, so the lesion‐wise sensitivity was 87.50% (7/8). No significant differences in effectiveness were found between automated lesion detection using four features and lesion detection using manual segmentation, as voxels were quantitatively analyzed in terms of specificity (mean ± SD = 99.64 ± 0.13), accuracy (mean ± SD = 99.62 ± 0.14), recall (mean ± SD = 73.27 ± 26.11), precision (mean ± SD = 11.93 ± 8.16), and Dice coefficient (mean ± SD = 22.82 ± 15.57). Conclusion: We developed a novel automatic voxel‐based method to improve the detection of FCD FLAIR‐negative lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to detect FCD lesions that appear normal in pre‐surgical 3D high‐resolution FLAIR images alone with a limited number of radiomics features. We optimized the algorithm and selected the best prior probability to improve the detection. For non‐temporal lobe epilepsy (non‐TLE) patients, lesions could be accurately located, although there were still false‐positive areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]