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A novel 3D composite of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated MnO2-graphene (GP)-carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by drop casting the as-synthesized AuNP/MnO2-GP-CNT suspension onto the surface of GCE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate the successful formation of AuNPs/MnO2-GP-CNT composite step by step from the precursor of CNTs. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show the AuNPs/MnO2-GP-CNTs/GCE exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of nitrite in a 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.0) compared to the MnO2-GP-CNTs/GCE. The result of amperometric response indicates that the AuNPs/MnO2-GP-CNTs/GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in a wide linear range of 1.0 and 2896 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM. The developed method can be successfully applied for determination of nitrite in water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two 2D 4d-4f heterometallic coordination polymers, [ LnAg(Py26DC)2(H2O)3] ·3H2O [ Ln = Nd ( 1), La ( 2); H2Py26DC = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid], and one 2D lanthanide homometallic coordination polymer, [ Ln(Py25DC)(ox)0.5(H2O)2] [ Ln = Tm ( 3); H2Py25DC = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid; ox = oxalate], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and exhibit 3-connected 2D heterometallic layer structures with the Schläfli symbol of (82 ·10), whereas complex 3 represents an extended 2D homometallic network structure with (4,4) topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the T ϕ-convex functions were introduced as a generalizations of convex functions. Then the characteristics of the T ϕ-convex functions were discussed. Furthermore, some new inequalities for the T ϕ-convex functions were derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, {[AgEr(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(2))(2)(C(2)O(4))]·H(2)O}(n), contains one Er(III) atom, one Ag(I) atom, two pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate (pyc) ligands, two half oxalate ligands (each lying on an inversion center) and one uncoordinated water mol-ecule. The Er(III) atom is coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms from two pyc ligands, one O atom from a third pyc ligand and four O atoms from two oxalate ligands in a distorted monocapped square-anti-prismatic geometry. The Ag(I) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two pyc ligands, one O atom from a third pyc ligand and one O atom from one oxalate ligand. The crystal structure exhibits a three-dimensional heterometallic polymeric network. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the uncoordinated water mol-ecule and carboxyl-ate O atoms is observed.

Background & Objective: Primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL) is difficult to be distinguished from other gastrointestinal tumors because of its onset sites and clinical features, which results in frequent misdiagnoses. The standard chemotherapy regimen for PGI-DLBCL is uncertain. This study was to analyze the clinical characteristics, cell origin, and prognosis of PGI-DLBCL, and explore effective combined chemotherapy for PGI-DLBCL., Methods: Clinical data of 40 PGI-DLBCL patients, diagnosed and treated in Peking University Third Hospital from 1998 to 2007, were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression model. The cell origins of PGI-DLBCL in 34 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The patients were treated with combined chemotherapy, surgery plus combined chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, or surgery alone. The combined chemotherapy included CHOP and CHOP-like regimens., Results: The median age of the 40 patients was 56.5 years. The ratio of sex (male:female) was 1.86:1. The ratio of onset sites (gastric versus intestinal) was 1.05:1. Among the 38 patients who had been followed up, 12 (31.6%) died, both the 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 64.7%. Of the 9 patients with multiple sites involvement, 8 (88.9%) died within 3 years after diagnosis. Of the 34 patients received immunohistochemical examination, 9 (26.5%) had lymphomas of germinal center origin, and 25 (73.5%) had non-germinal center origin. Log-rank test revealed that International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and B symptom were important prognostic factors of PGI-DLBCL. Cox multivariable analysis showed that the death risk of the patients with high level of LDH was 2.87 times higher than that of the patients with normal level of LDH., Conclusions: PGI-DLBCL is often seen in male patients at middle ages. Multiple sites involvement is an important death cause of these patients. Tumor cell origin, IPI score and B symptom are important prognostic factors of PGI-DLBCL. The serum level of LDH at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor.

The aim of study was to investigate the synergetic effect of B7-1 and CD40L co-stimulating pathway in the immunotherapy for lymphoma and to explore the effective manner of tumor vaccine for treating lymphoma. The lymphoma cell line A20 cells were inoculated into BALB/c mice as to establish A20-bearing mice model, the B7-1 and CD40L expression vector were alone or in combination directly injected into lymphoma of mice model, the PBS, vector pcDM8 and pcDNA3.1 were selected as controls so as to observe tumor growth. The pathological section and HE staining of tumor tissue were performed to observe the histological characteristics and the cell infiltration of lymphoma, the CCK-8 detection kit was used to analysis the splenic CTL cytotoxicity. The results showed that the intratumor injection of B7-1 and CD40L resulted in reduction of tumor size. Morphological observation of tumor revealed inflammatory cell infiltration in the tumors, massive necrosis and localization of tumor. CCK-8 kit detection indicated significant enhancement of splenic CTL cytotoxicity, the effect of B7-1 combined with CD40L was stronger than that of B7-1 or CD40L alone. It is concluded that B7-1 and CD40L show immunotherapeutic effect on lymphoma, and the effect becomes stronger when they are combined in treating lymphoma. Meanwhile, the intratumor injection may be considered as a safe and effective way for tumor vaccine.

Objective: To explore the relationship of clinic features, lab findings, the origin of tumor cell as well as prognosis in Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma( DLBCL)., Methods: Seventy four cases of primarily diagnosed DLBCL were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry stain was used to check the expressions of Bcl-6,CD10 and MUM1., Results: Among the 74 patients, the average age was 58.5 years, the ratio of male to female was 1.64:1. 23.2% (16/69) cases developed in lymph node, 15.9% (11/ 69) in the extra node area. Among 55 follow-up cases, 13 (23.6%) died, and 12 (92.3%) died in the first year after diagnosis. The prognosis analysis showed that diagnosed at age > 65 years (P = 0.036), and the international prognostic index (IPI) (P = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors; origin of tumor cell had a trend to be a prognostic factor, but no statistic difference (P = 0.086). beta2-MG and Bcl-6 expression had no relation with the prognosis., Conclusion: The middle and old-aged male patients are the most common in DLBCL and the first-year mortality rate is higher. The age at diagnosis and IPI can predict the clinical outcome. The origin of tumor cell might suggest the prognosis.

Aim: To investigate possible intracellular signal molecules involved in diphenylhydantoin (DPH)-mediated apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and explore possible molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity of DPH., Methods: Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) stain, hochest 33258 stain, and agar gel electrophoresis were used to test morphological and biological characters of primary CGN and cortical neurons (CN) in the presence or absence of 100 micromol/L DPH; Western blot and RT-PCR were employed to further investigate apoptotic/survival signal moleculars involved in the neuronal apoptotic signal transdution., Results: DPH 100 micromol/L induced a typical apoptosis of CGN but had no toxicity on CN. Cerebellar granule neural apoptosis induced by 100 micromol/L DPH was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with SB203580 (10 micromol/L) or CEP-11004 (1 micromol/L) for 1 h. DPH markedly upregulated the levels of phospho-c-Jun (active c-Jun), total c-Jun protein and c-jun mRNA in CGN. The levels of phospho-c-Jun dramatically elevated by DPH at 8 h were significantly inhibited by SB203580 (10 micromol/L) or CEP-11004 (1 micromol/L). Moreover, the activities of p44/42 (ERK1/ERK2), other members of MAP kinases and generally believed to be important survival effetors in CGN, were markedly suppressed. However, the activities of both JNK and p38 were little affected in the process of apoptosis of CGN induced by 100 micromol/L DPH., Conclusion: The selective toxicity of DPH on CGN is likely due to its ability to induce apoptosis of CGN, it is a process involved activation of c-Jun and suppression of the activity of p44/42.