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Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as an emerging method for cancer therapy has encountered difficulty in insufficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in tumor microenvironment (TME) with elevated antioxidants and hypoxic conditions. In this work, the authors have fabricated heterostructured manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐coated BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BTO@M NPs) as a piezoelectric sonosensitizer, which exhibits the capacity of remodeling TME and multienzyme‐like catalysis for boosting SDT. Benefitting from the piezotronic effect, the formation of a p‐n junction between MnO2 and piezoelectric BTO with a built‐in electric field and band bending efficiently promotes the separation of charge carriers, facilitating the generation of superoxide anion (•O2−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) under ultrasound (US) stimulation. Moreover, BTO@M NPs can catalyze the overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in TME to produce oxygen for replenishing the gas source in SDT, and also deplete antioxidant glutathione (GSH), realizing TME remodeling. During this process, the reduced Mn(II) can convert H2O2 into •OH, further amplifying cellular oxidative damage. With these combination effects, the versatile BTO@M NPs exhibit prominent cytotoxicity and tumor growth inhibition against 4T1 breast cancer. This work provides a feasible strategy for constructing high‐efficiency sonosensitizers for cancer SDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the current optical information hiding methods are designed for protecting grayscale or color images. However, as an important information communication medium, the security of voice has also received a lot of attention in several application areas. In this paper, we propose an optical voice hiding scheme based on chaotic fingerprint phase masks (CFPMs) and three-step phase-shifting digital holography (PSDH). In this proposed scheme, the CFPMs are generated from the fingerprint using the secure hash algorithm (SHA-256) and chaotic Henon map. And to hide the voice into a host image, the voice signal is first converted into a two-dimensional (2D) matrix form (i.e., the "voice map"). Then, the "voice map" is encoded into three noise-like holograms using two CFPMs located in Fresnel transform (FrT) domain and three-step PSDH. Finally, the three noise-like holograms are hidden into a color host image using a fusion method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), thus achieving the hiding of the voice signal. The security of this optical voice hiding scheme can be greatly improved because the fingerprint key shared by the sender and authorized receiver is closely linked to the user and does not need to be transmitted over the open network. In addition, the parameters of chaotic Henon map and Fresnel diffraction distances can also provide additional security to the proposed scheme. We have verified the feasibility, security and robustness of the proposed scheme through extensive experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese steamed bread (CSB), a conventional high-GI staple food, with a short shelf life and a single flavor. In this work, 10–20 % kiwi starch (KS) was used to substitute wheat flour for the production of CSB and the effects of different substitution ratios on the quality and shelf life of mixed flour, dough, and CSB were explored. The results showed that the substitution of KS could improve the water binding capacity of mixed flour and lead to easier pasting in the system, lower the cooking power consumption, increase and improve the viscoelasticity and gas holding capacity of the dough, and make the microstructure more compact and uniform. As the substitution ratio increased, the reduction in protein content within the system further affected the formation of the gluten network, leading to a significant decrease in the CSB's specific volume and cohesiveness, whereas the chewiness and hardness were significantly improved. Meanwhile, KS substitution significantly reduced the starch hydrolysis rate and estimated glycemic index of CSB. 10 % KS substitution enriched the aroma and color of CSB, improved its internal organizational structure, and became more popular among consumers. A substitution ratio of 15–20 % was beneficial for extending the shelf life of CSB. • Kiwi starch (KS) diluted the gluten network and reduced dough strength. • 10 % KS group perform excellently in postprandial glucose control and sensory quality. • KS substitution can extend the shelf life of CSB, but make it more prone to staling. • The study provides new possibilities for improving the eGI and shelf life of CSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the indications of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy among patients with mild hypercapnia and to explore the predictors of intubation when HFNC fails. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Adult patients with mild hypercapnia (45 < PaCO2 ≤ 60 mmHg) received either HFNC or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) oxygen therapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to increase between-group comparability. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate overall survival and cumulative intubation rates, while 28-day mortality and 48-h and 28-day intubation rates were compared using the Chi-squared test. The predictive performances of HR/SpO2 and the ROX index (the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate) at 4 h were assessed regarding HFNC failure, which was determined if intubation was given within 48 h after the initiation of oxygen therapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for HR/SpO2 and the ROX index were calculated and compared. Results: A total of 524,520 inpatient hospitalization records were screened, 106 patients in HFNC group and 106 patients in NIV group were successfully matched. No significant difference in 48-h intubation rate between the HFNC group (the treatment group) and the NIV group (the control group) (14.2% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.278); patients receiving HFNC had higher 28-day intubation rate (26.4% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.029), higher 28-day mortality (17.9% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.043), and longer ICU length of stay (4.4 vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.019), compared to those of NIV group. The AUC of HR/SpO2 at 4 h after the initiation of HFNC yielded around 0.660 for predicting 48-h intubation, greater than that of the ROX index with an AUC of 0.589 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with impending respiratory failure had lower intubation rate, shorter ICU length of stay, and lower mortality when treated mild hypercapnia with NIV over HFNC. As opposed to the ROX index, a modest, yet improved predictive performance is demonstrated using HR/SpO2 in predicting the failure of HFNC among these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphical abstract describes the main influencing factors of whether people eat fruit peels: the amount of nutrients consumed and pesticide residues. The peel often contains more abundant nutrients such as polyphenols, dietary fiber, and minerals compared to the pulp, but there are also relatively high pesticide residues. Before consuming different kinds of fruits, consumers can determine their consumption methods based on their own needs. [Display omitted] • This review investigates the consumption of fruit peels by consumers. • Consumers consuming fruit peels are mainly concerned about their nutrients and pesticide residues. • Comprehensive analysis of pesticide residues, removal and detection in eight fruits. • Summarizes the nutrients in the peel of eight kinds of fruits and their effects. • Risk analysis and scientific advice for consumer consumption of fruit peels. Nutritious, balanced, tasty and easy to eat, fruit is an indispensable health food for consumers. With consumers' increasing respect for the concept of health, green and nutrition, the peel, which has higher nutritional value compared to the pulp, is gradually being emphasized in the consumption process. The suitability of fruit peels for consumption is influenced by various factors, such as the amount of pesticide residues, nutrient content, ease of peeling, and fruit texture, but there is a lack of relevant studies to guide consumers' scientific intake of fruit peels. This review first investigated chineses consumers consumption of common fruits with peels, especially eight fruits that are controversial in terms of whether to consume them with peels, and the results showed that whether people consume peels depends mainly on their nutritional value and pesticide residues. Based on this, the paper discusses the common methods of pesticide detection and removal from fruit peels, as well as the nutrients contained in different fruit peels and their physiological activities, if the peels usually have stronger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities than the pulp. Finally, reasonable dietary recommendations are made on whether fruits should be consumed with their peels, with a view to guiding chineses consumers towards scientific consumption and provide theoretical basis for relevant research in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • RC load and back chamber approach are used to measure acoustic power ofcompressors. • Measurement results have a good consistency with theoretical calculation. • Difference between the two approaches are analyzed. • Optimum impedance and the impedance cloudy map can be obtained by RC load approach. Abstract The linear compressor works as an important driver for high frequency regenerative cryocoolers. The acoustic power output of the compressor is a critical parameter in the design and the optimization of a linear compressor. To measure this parameter, several approaches based on different theories have been developed. In this paper, the RC load approach and the back chamber approach have been applied to a linear compressor to measure the acoustic power output. The results measured by the approaches indicate a good consistency with the theoretical calculation and reveal the connections between different approaches. The difference between the acoustic power at the piston surface and the exit of a linear compressor has been analyzed based on the experimental results from the RC load approach and the back chamber approach. The volume flow rate difference which accounts for the acoustic power difference is studied theoretically. Furthermore, based on the RC load approach, the optimum impedance together with the impedance cloudy map for the linear compressor to reach its highest efficiency has been obtained by analyzing the experimental and the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most commercial orange juice still uses high temperature-long time thermal treatment (HTLT) to prolong its shelf life. However, HTLT treatment can have many negative effects on the overall quality of juice. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore novel non-thermal sterilization techniques to produce high-quality orange juice. In this study, we compared the inactivation effects of thermosonication (TS), TS combined with ε-polylysine (TSε), TS combined with nisin (TSN) and HTLT on the bactericidal effects of natural microflora in orange juice. On this basis, the effects of TSε and HTLT treatments on the comprehensive quality characteristics of orange juice were further explored. The results showed that TSε and HTLT treatments had better effect on controlling the number of microorganisms and inactivating endogenous enzymes, and ε-polylysine showed a significant synergistic lethal ability (p < 0.05) to the total bacterial count and yeast in orange juice. With HTLT treatment, sterilization is not achieved because Alyciclobacillus spores are not inactivated, and it could be replaced by inactivation or pasteurization when the Alyciclobacillus are high. In addition, TSε treatment maintained sensory quality, which was significantly better in TSε-treated juice compared to HTLT-treated juice. Moreover, TSε treatment markedly enhanced or strongly retained the functional substances of orange juice. The contents of polyphenols and carotenoids increased by 12.53% and 36.46%, respectively, while the antioxidant activities of ORAC, DPPH, and FRAP increased by 53.27%, 14.42%, and 7.26%, respectively. Additionally, the retention rate of ascorbic acid was as high as 85.42%. Therefore, as a novel non-thermal inactivation microbial technology, TSε treatment contributes to the improvement of organoleptic quality and functional characteristics of orange juice. [Display omitted] • The germicidal efficacy of TSε in juice matrix (orange juice) was evaluated firstly. • TSε treatment showed desirable microbial and enzyme inactivation effect. • TSε markedly improved the color, nutritional, functional attributes of orange juice. • Polyphenols and carotenoids were main contributor to antioxidant activity. • TSε can produce high quality juice and has good application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Temperature-distributed refrigeration power is transferred from inside a regenerator. • Temperature-distributed transfer coefficient (TTC) increases with discrete points. • Internal DC transfer method eliminates radial thermal resistance and improves TTC. • Combining DC flow and discrete method increases TTC up to 90 %. • TTC of these new methods is 1–2 times higher than previous transfer methods. The temperature-distributed regenerative refrigeration cycle utilizes the real-gas properties to generate the temperature-distributed refrigeration power and improves the cooling performance and liquefaction rate of cryogenic gases. The temperature-distributed refrigeration power is distributed in the volume of the regenerator. It is challenging to transfer this distributed refrigeration power, and the regenerative heat loss is usually inevitable. The transfer process of the temperature-distributed refrigeration power is studied in this paper. A comprehensive investigation into associated influencing factors is presented in this paper. Furthermore, a parameter of the temperature-distributed transfer coefficient (TTC) is proposed to evaluate the transfer process. This study extends into a broader range of the discrete transfer method from liquid-helium temperatures to ambient temperatures and further analyzes the rules from scattered points to multiple points. The internal DC flow method is adopted to eliminate the radial thermal resistance and improve the TTC, recognizing the constraints of the traditional distributed transfer method (coiling heat exchange tubes outside the regenerator). The TTC of the distributed method with the DC flow is improved around 1–2 times by optimizing the mass flux of multi-strand DC flow and temperature range. It is also improved 1.5–2 times by combining the DC flow and discrete method. Additionally, the TTC is improved about 1–1.5 times with the DC flow when using the refrigeration power for gas liquefaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) are rich in nutrients, so they easily breed bacteria, which cause microbial pollution and rapid deterioration of their quality and safety. Sterilization is an important operation in FVJ processing. However, regardless of whether thermal sterilization or non-thermal sterilization is used, the effect and its impact on the overall quality of FVJ are strongly dependent on the processing parameters, microbial species, and FVJ matrix. Therefore, for different types of FVJ, an understanding of the impacts that different sterilization technologies have on the overall quality of the juice is important in designing and optimizing technical parameters to produce value-added products. This article provides an overview of the application of thermal and non-thermal technique in the field of FVJ processing over the past 10 years. The operating principle and effects of various technologies on the inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes, nutritional and functional characteristics, physicochemical properties, and sensory quality of a wide range of FVJ are comprehensively discussed. The application of different combinations of hurdle technology in the field of FVJ sterilization processing are also discussed in detail. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, and current application prospects of different sterilization technologies are summarized. The graphical abstract shows common sterilization technologies of fruit and vegetable juices and their features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid hydrogen has more advantages than gaseous hydrogen in terms of economy and convenience of storage and transportation owing to its higher energy density. Therefore, the hydrogen liquefaction technology is conducive to promotion and application for hydrogen energy in many sectors. The small-scale regenerative refrigerators usually use helium as the working fluid, which is of the high-low temperature cycle, and bring about a significant entropy generation during the cooling process. In this work, the study on the liquefaction rate and FOM (figure of merit) is implemented with a working fluid of hydrogen. It shows that the entropy generation much decreases when applying the distributed refrigeration method comparing to the high-low temperature cycle, and the COP (coefficient of performance) reaches 80 % when cooling the sensible heat load and conversion heat. The calculation results indicate that the liquefaction rate of the temperature-distributed cycle reaches 34.32 L/d at a refrigeration power of 15 W (a representative case). While the maximum of FOM is 0.483, which is improved by 21.7 % compared with the high-low temperature cycle. • H 2 liquefaction rate is calculated with the distributed method for the first time. • The entropy generation much decreases when applying this method. • The liquefaction rate of hydrogen is improved by increasing pressure. • FOM is greatly improved by 21.7 % compared with the high-low temperature cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are considered as the most promising candidates for natural enzymes due to their atomically dispersed active sites that closely resemble the metal active centers of their natural counterparts. However, a significant challenge still exists for improving their catalytic activities, retarding their practical applications. Herein, this article presents that through the application of a human self-driven triboelectric device to impose electrical stimulus, the multiple enzyme-like activities of a single-atom copper nanozyme (Cu-NC) are remarkably improved, thereby boosting cancer cell oxidative damage and death for realizing improved therapy. Under an electrical stimulus with 20 V voltage, the peroxidase, catalase, oxidase, and glutathione oxidase like activities of Cu-NC are all improved to boost the catalytic generation of free radicals. Through calculation, this work analyzes how the electrical stimulus modulates the catalytic activity via decreasing adsorption energy of H2O2 on Cu active sites, increasing Cu d"y orbital near the Fermi level, and shifting the d-band center of Cu, facilitating the catalytic reactions. This work opens new perspectives on improving single-atom nanoenzymes for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women with breast cancer and improved survival face some specific quality of life (QOL) issues. Electronic health (eHealth) is a useful tool aiming to enhance health services. However, evidence remains controversial about the effect of eHealth on QOL in women with breast cancer. Another unstudied factor is the effect on specific QOL functional domains. Therefore, we undertook a meta‐analysis about whether eHealth could improve the overall and specific functional domains of QOL in women with breast cancer. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to identify appropriate randomized clinical trials from database inception to March 23, 2022. The standard mean difference (SMD) served as the effect size and the DerSimonian–Laird random effects model was constructed for meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to different participant, intervention, and assessment scale characteristics. Results: We initially identified 1954 articles excluding duplicates and ultimately included 13 of them involving 1448 patients. The meta‐analysis revealed that the eHealth group had significantly higher QOL (SMD 0.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.13–0.40, p < 0.0001) than the usual care group. Additionally, although not statistically significant, eHealth tended to improve the physical (SMD 2.91, 95% CI −1.18 to 6.99, p = 0.16), cognitive (0.20 [−0.04, 0.43], p = 0.10), social (0.24 [−0.00, 0.49], p = 0.05), role (0.11 [0.10, 0.32], p = 0.32), and emotional (0.18 [0.08, 0.44], p = 0.18) domains of QOL. Overall, consistent benefits were observed in both the subgroup and pooled estimates. Conclusions: eHealth is superior to usual care in women with breast cancer for improved QOL. Implications for clinical practice should be discussed based on subgroup analysis results. Further confirmation is needed for the effect of different eHealth patterns on specific domains of QOL, which would help improve specific health issues of the target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy has been shown to be safe and effective in numerous animal models and clinical trials for various ophthalmic diseases. Stargardt disease (STGD1; MIM #248200) is the most common autosomal recessive macular dystrophy disease, and the most common form is caused by mutations in the ABCA4 gene, a gene with 6.8 kb coding sequence. Split intein approaches increase the capacity of dual AAV gene therapy, but at the cost of reduced protein expression, which may be insufficient to achieve a therapeutic effect. In this study, we designed various dual split intein ABCA4 vectors and showed that the efficiency of expression of full-length ABCA4 protein is dependent on combinations of types and split sites of the intein system. The most efficient vectors were identified through in vitro screening, and a novel dual AAV8-ABCA4 vector was constructed and subsequently proven to express full-length ABCA4 protein at a high level, reducing bisretinoid formation and correcting the visual function of ABCA4-knockout mice. Furthermore, we evaluated therapeutic effects of different dosages by subretinal injection in mice model. Both therapeutic effects and safety were guaranteed under the treatment of 1.00 × 109 GC/eye. These results support the optimized dual AAV8-ABCA4 approach in future clinical translation for treatment of Stargardt disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Macro tooth flank modeling, discretization and discrete point interpolation. • Determination of autocorrelation function from the actual measurement. • Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) based micro flank topography reconstruction. • Comprehensive effect considering both macro and micro flank. • Micro flank geometric topography reconstruction for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Focusing on comprehensive effect of both macro and micro geometries, accurate flank geometric topography design in a micro scale is developed for spiral bevel and hypoid gears showing a complex flexural behaviors. Firstly, macro flank modeling is performed for determining sparse tooth surface by using the discrete point interpolation. For micro-scale and smooth flank points, the vector between the current point and the adjacent tooth surface point are used as the tangent vector, and the vector in normal direction is obtained by calculating vector product of tangent vector. Then, fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is employed for the micro flank geometric topography reconstruction considering comprehensive effect. While determining the height distribution parameters from the actual measurement, autocorrelation function (ACF) is established to obtain the reconstructed roughness height matrix, and these microscopic height data are added to the corresponding macroscopic smooth tooth surface points in the normal direction for accurate micro flank geometric topography generation. The proposed method is exercised with an example double helical grinding spiral bevel gear from an aerospace application to demonstrate the impact of reconstruction design on flank performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The behavior of the linear compress with transient acoustic load is analyzed. • The temperature distribution along the regenerator is theoretically calculated. • The variation of the efficiency and displacement of the compressor is analyzed. The working condition of the linear compressor greatly affects the performance of the cryocooler. When the cryocooler operates during a transient working state like the cool down process, the linear compressor is also in a transient working state and could lead to deviation from designed steady state condition. In order to study the transient behavior of a linear compressor during the cool down process, a theoretical model based on the finite difference method is proposed. The temperature distribution of the regenerator during the cool down process is calculated. The variation of the impedance of the cold finger is then calculated. The transient behavior of the linear compressor are studied according to the impedance match between the compressor and the cold finger. The theoretical model shows that the transient behavior of the linear compressor is determined by the variation of the cold finger impedance during the cool down process and the increase of the input power could be larger than 40% with constant input voltage through the whole cool down process. A Sage simulation model of the cryocooler is built and the cool down experiments are carried out. The simulation and the experiment results are consistent with the theoretical model. It's also shown that the theoretical model could provide better prediction of the transient behavior of the linear compressor. The study of the transient behavior of the linear compressor could help improve the design and control of the linear compressor especially for the transient process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the dependence of mechanical properties upon the pore design, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the tensile responses of nanoporous Cantor high-entropy alloys (HEAs), considering the effects of pore size, pore distribution, pore shape, pore spacing, and pore density. Decreasing the pore spacing promotes the transition of fracture mechanism from shear banding to necking. Depending on the pore distribution in the heterostructures, the deformation induced by multiple shear bands and the transition of FCC phase to HCP phase are observed, which is conducive to the homogeneous plastic flow and the enhanced ductility. Pore shape dictates the stress distribution and accumulation closely related to failure mechanisms and mechanical properties of nanoporous HEAs, such as the bending-dominated signature of circle pore and the stretching-dominated signature of ellipse pore producing enhanced modulus and strength. With constrained geometries, "smaller is stronger" is observed in the size effect of neck width. The scaling laws of modulus and strength versus relative density and neck width are derived and developed. The investigation further clarifies the structure–property relationship of nanoporous HEAs and highlights a new strategy for enhanced plasticity by the pore design. Subject Areas: material science, computational material. • Effect of pore design on the mechanical properties of HEAs is investigated via MD simulations. • Decreasing the pore size promotes the transition of fracture mechanism from shear band slips to necking. • Depending on the pore distribution, the deformation induced by multiple shear bands and the phase transition are activated. • Pore shape dictates the stress distribution and accumulation closely related to failure mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have a wide range of applications in electronics cooling, space exploration, energy conversion, and many other fields due to their efficient heat transfer capability. Studying the phase change process, flow pattern distribution, and flow velocity of PHPs is essential to reveal the heat transfer mechanism. The visualization of PHPs helps the observation of flow patterns, but cannot measure the flow velocity quantitatively. In light of this, a multiple object tracking algorithm based on the visualization of a liquid nitrogen PHP is proposed to calculate all vapor-liquid interface velocity from the PHP working video. The tracking algorithm is realized through constrained orbit tracking and is designed to track all the vapor-liquid interfaces inside the PHP simultaneously. The averaged flow velocities of all the interfaces inside the PHP are calculated. The algorithm has high accuracy and good real-time performance. The accuracy of the algorithm is 99.5% through testing compared with Tracker, which helps to further reveal the heat transfer mechanism of PHPs. The principle of the tracking algorithm is also applicable to processing other two-phase flow videos for vapor-liquid interface tracking, which helps to further obtain information about the flow intensity of two-phase flow. • A new algorithm is developed for interfaces tracking in pulsating heat pip (PHP). • The algorithm can calculate all interfaces velocity inside the PHP. • The accuracy of the algorithm is 99.5% through testing. • A relationship is found between interfaces velocity and thermal resistance. • The algorithm is also applicable to other two-phase flow processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10 1 ¯ 1}− {10 1 ¯ 2} double twinning is a classical twinning mode with diverse variants in magnesium and its alloys. However, its variant selection criterion and its influence on the mechanical behaviors are still in debate. In this study, we proposed a view of micro-texture entropy to elucidate the double twinning behavior during large strain rolling of Mg–1.5Gd (wt%) alloy. Combined with the high spatial resolution scanning electron microscopy-transmission Kikuchi diffraction (SEM-TKD) technique, the detailed microstructure and micro-texture of the double twins in early stage of evolution were detected, and new insight into the variant selection and evolution of double twins was obtained. The observations suggest that the nucleation events of different double twin variants are influenced by their micro-texture entropy, the variants with lower micro-texture entropy are preferred. While the growth stage of double twins is affected both by their micro-texture entropy and the geometric factors between the primary and secondary twin systems; the former will influence their growth potential and the later can affect their growth space. A novel {10 1 ¯ 1}− {10 1 ¯ 3} double twin was also triggered to release the high local stress concentration during large strain rolling process. • The view of micro-texture entropy was proposed to elucidate the {10 1 ¯ 1}− {10 1 ¯ 2} double twinning behavior of Mg–1.5Gd (wt%) alloy. • For variant selection and evolution of {10-11}-{10-12} double twins, variants with lower micro-texture entropy are preferred. • Geometric factor between primary and secondary twins restricts growth space of B and C double twins to one-dimensional space. • A novel {10 1 ¯ 1}− {10 1 ¯ 3} double twin was observed because of the high local stress concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attainment and maintenance of a low temperature environment is essential for aerospace cryogenic detectors to achieve their required performance. Developing cryocoolers with features of high efficiency, compact structure, and long lifetime is the main challenge for cryogenic detector cooling. In this paper, a high efficiency thermally-coupled two-stage Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler working at 35 K for HgCdTe long wave infrared detector cooling is designed and tested. The thermally-coupled type avoids gas distribution at cold side which minimizes the inter-stage influence. The whole cryocooler is driven by one linear compressor which enables compact structure. The influence of operation frequency and mean pressure is studied by numerical calculation and experiments to determine the optimum operation condition. Acoustic impedance characteristics of both stages and the whole cold finger are also analyzed by comparing performance of cryocooler with different frequency, mean pressure and structure dimensions. The distributions of acoustic power and phase angle are presented to study the relation between impedance characteristic and the cooling performance. Impedance match between compressor and cold finger is also discussed by analyzing the efficiency of the linear compressor and the performance of cryocooler with different pulse tubes. Under optimum impedance match and operation condition of a working frequency of 39.2 Hz and a mean pressure of 2.45 MPa, the cryocooler provides a cooling power of 1 W at 35.1 K with an input electrical power of 150 W, which indicates a relative Carnot efficiency of 5%. This is a rather high efficiency for developed Stirling type multi-stage pulse tube cryocooler working at 35 K with only inertance tubes as phase shifter. The development of this cryocooler lays a solid base for the further optimization to realize a competitive candidate for aerospace cooling requirements. • A two stage Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler for detector cooling is presented. • Systematically analyze the acoustic impedance of both stages. • The optimum impedance match between compressor and cold finger is specified. • A highest cooling power of 1 W and relative Carnot efficiency of 5% is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of ability to control post-ripening softening is a bottleneck that affects the economic efficiency of 'Cuixiang' kiwifruit. This study investigated the softening mechanisms of fruit texture and microstructural changes during post-ripening at room temperature and established a kinetic model to predict and validate shelf life. The starch content of 'Cuixiang' decreased, total soluble solid (TSS) and sugar–acid ratio (SAR) increased, and the texture gradually became softer during post-ripening. Microstructural changes reflected starch fragmentation and disintegration, cell structure collapse, plasmolysis, and intensified mitochondrial vacuolization and cell-wall degradation during post-ripening. Changes in cell wall polysaccharide fractions and the evolution of cell membrane lipid metabolism indicated that post-ripening was accompanied by cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. In addition, pectin components transformed into water-soluble pectin, and oxidative stress across the cell membrane caused membrane damage and rupture, increasing membrane permeability. A zero-order kinetic model of firmness was selected to accurately and reliably predict the shelf life of 'Cuixiang' kiwifruit. • Ultrastructural changes of the pulp tissue were characterized by SEM and TEM. • Starch degradation led to loss of cell turgor pressure and reduced fruit hardness. • Cell wall degradation and aggravated membrane lipid metabolism led to fruit softening. • Zero-order kinetic model of firmness exactly predicted the shelf life of 'Cuixiang'. • Lay a theoretical foundation for controllable postharvest softening of 'Cuixiang'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of infrared material and the serious threat of global warming and ozonosphere depletion, Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) attract much attention for High Operation Temperature (HOT) infrared detectors cooling and refrigeration near ambient temperature as the advantages of oil lubrication free, compact structure, low vibration, high reliability and long life by eliminating moving parts at the cold end. A high efficiency Stirling-type PTR working above 200 K based on a detailed, time-saving hybrid design process is designed, fabricated and tested. A no-load cooling temperature of 99.8 K and a net cooling power of 181.3 W at 233 K are obtained with an input power of 500 W. The second law efficiency at 233 K and 154 K are 10.4% and 14.24% respectively, and the efficiency is about 50% higher than the conventional prediction of the PTRs at that temperature zone. The experimental results agree with the simulation well. The energy flows and losses in the PTR, the impedance matching between cold finger and compressor are discussed in detail. Numerical simulation indicates that the cooling power of the PTR will increase 30% when warm displacer is adopted as phase shifter. This work is a meaningful attempt to extend the working region of PTRs from cryogenic (<120 K) to near room temperature (>200 K). • The feasibility of PTR for cooling above 200 K is studied. • The PTR could provide 181.3 W cooling power at 233 K with 500 W input power. • The efficiency of the PTR above 200 K is about 50% higher than the prediction. • Warm displacer could future improve the efficiency the PTR above 200 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of infrared material and the serious threat of global warming and ozonosphere depletion, Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) attract much attention for High Operation Temperature (HOT) infrared detectors cooling and refrigeration near ambient temperature as the advantages of oil lubrication free, compact structure, low vibration, high reliability and long life by eliminating moving parts at the cold end. A high efficiency Stirling-type PTR working above 200 K based on a detailed, time-saving hybrid design process is designed, fabricated and tested. A no-load cooling temperature of 99.8 K and a net cooling power of 181.3 W at 233 K are obtained with an input power of 500 W. The second law efficiency at 233 K and 154 K are 10.4% and 14.24% respectively, and the efficiency is about 50% higher than the conventional prediction of the PTRs at that temperature zone. The experimental results agree with the simulation well. The energy flows and losses in the PTR, the impedance matching between cold finger and compressor are discussed in detail. Numerical simulation indicates that the cooling power of the PTR will increase 30% when warm displacer is adopted as phase shifter. This work is a meaningful attempt to extend the working region of PTRs from cryogenic (<120 K) to near room temperature (>200 K). • The feasibility of PTR for cooling above 200 K is studied. • The PTR could provide 181.3 W cooling power at 233 K with 500 W input power. • The efficiency of the PTR above 200 K is about 50% higher than the prediction. • Warm displacer could future improve the efficiency the PTR above 200 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorimetric and SERS dual-mode detection of palmatine in traditional Chinese medicine based on size-tunable Au@Ag nanoparticles. • A rapid, sensitive and reliable approach for the detection of palmatine based on size-tunable Au@Ag NPs was developed. • The method combined quantitative colorimetric assay and qualitative SERS is selective and sensitive. • Obtained the trend of Raman bands of calculated DFT spectra and its correspondence of SERS spectra. • The use of Au@Ag NPs as a probe shows high sensitivity and selectivity towards PaH. • The LOD of 0.13 μM of PaH was achieved with the naked eye within 10 min. Palmatine is a protoberberine alkaloid separated from several plants and application as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent in the therapy of gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorder. Thus, the fast quantification of palmatine is important in clinic medical assays. Herein, we report simple, fast and sensitive colorimetric visualization and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) dual-mode detection of palmatine basing on bimetallic size tunable silver shell capped gold nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs). Interesting, the best signals output for dual-mode sensing of palmatine were both 5 nm Ag shell thickness of Au@Ag NPs. Meanwhile, we found that the addition of NaHSO 4 significantly improves the aggregating sensitivity of Au@Ag NPs to trace palmatine. Upon exposure to 0.1 μM level palmatine, NaHSO 4 -optimized Au@Ag NPs solution exhibits a highly sensitive color change from orange to green and rapid aggregation kinetics within the initial 5 min, which can directly be seen with the naked eye and monitored by UV–vis absorbance spectra. In addition, we measured palmatine by SERS with the excellent enhancement effect of Au@Ag NPs for further increase the sensitivity and selectivity. More importantly, other protoberberine alkaloids do not interfere with this dual-mode sensor due to the different interaction force between Au@Ag NPs and these alkaloids, and the applicability of the sensor is well demonstrated in real samples with satisfactory results. This provide a fast and simple assay for the rapid detection of palmatine in traditional Chinese medicine, the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.13 μM by the naked eye and 0.10 μM by UV–vis spectroscopy. Therefore, the size-tunable of NaHSO 4 -optimized Au@Ag NPs can be used not only as a naked-eye sensor of palmatine, but also as a highly selective SERS probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fruit and vegetable juice (FVJ) are closely related to human health. • Vital results on FVJ processing and its relationship with properties were reviewed. • Combination of thermal and non-thermal sterilization can be highly effective for FVJ. • Lactic acid fermentation is useful for FVJ storage and high-value utilization. • Nutritional quality upgrading of FVJ treated by new processing techniques highlighted. Fruit and vegetable juice (FVJ) has become a favorite beverage for all age groups because of its excellent sensory and nutritional qualities. FVJ has a series of health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Except for raw materials selection, processing technology and packaging and storage also play a vital role in the nutrition and functional components of FVJ. This review systematically reviews the important research results on the relationship between FVJ processing and its nutrition and function in the past 10 years. Based on the brief elucidation of the nutrition and health benefits of FVJ and the unit operation involved in the production process, the influence of a series of key technology units, including pretreatment, clarification, homogenization, concentration, sterilization, drying, fermentation and packaging and storage, on the nutritional function of FVJ was systematically expounded. This contribution provides an update on the impacts of technical processing units on the nutrients and functional components of FVJ and new perspectives for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Kiwi starch (KS) was modified by high-power ultrasound treatment (HUT). • HUT enhanced the swelling power, solubility, and oil absorption capacity of KS. • Destruction of surface, decrease in R 1047/1022 , and crystallinity was found in KS. • HUT markedly increased the content of apparent amylose and resistant starch in KS. • The relationship between the structures and properties of KS was revealed. Kiwi starch (KS) is a fruit-derived starch; in order to improve its processing performance and increase its added value, it is necessary to modify KS to enhance the positive attributes and to enlarge its application. In this study, KS was modified by high-power ultrasound treatment (HUT) to reveal the relationship between the structure and function of KS with different treatment powers (0, 200, 400, and 600 W) and different treatment times (0, 10, 20, and 30 min). The results showed that HUT destroyed the granular morphology of KS, formed holes and cracks on the surface, and reduced the particle size and the short-range molecular order of KS. After different HUTs, the apparent amylose content (AAC), swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI), viscosity and setback value (SB) of KS were significantly increased, while the gelatinization temperature was significantly decreased. In addition, HUT significantly reduced the content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS), while it significantly enhanced the content of resistant starch (RS) (64.08–72.73%). In a word, HUT as a novel physical modification method for KS, enlarged its application, and fulfilled different demands of a starch-based product, which introduces another possibility for kiwi fruit further processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The mechanisms of traditional and artificial aging methods were discussed. • Artificial aging shorten the aging time, and reduce production costs. • Traditional aging methods were still difficult to be replaced in recent times. • Clarifying artificial and regulate aging methods is the basis of industrialization. Aging is essential for improving the quality of wine, especially for red wine and special wine types. High-quality wines are traditionally produced by ageing them in oak barrels, some special wines also produced by aging on lees, temperature aging method, biological aging, etc. They are very time-consuming and expensive, which seriously affects the production capacity and economic benefits of wineries. In this review, the principles and changing process of oak aging and other traditional aging methods were first discussed. Then, improving the aging effect and the influential factors of modern technologies that can simulate oak aging, such as micro-oxygenation, oak products, and coupling technology, etc., are analyzed. In short, using artificial aging technology to shorten the aging time, improve wine quality and reduce production costs and meet market demand has become an inevitable tendency. However, unclear reaction principles and changing process and unstable quality restrict the commercialization of artificial aging technology. Therefore, we identify future research necessary to further clarify, regulate, and optimize artificial aging technologies that perfectly simulate the traditional barrel maturation environment to truly promote applications in the wine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Superior kiwi starch (KS) was obtained by an ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method. • Research the structural, physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of KS. • KS is rich in polyphenol (2543.52 μg GAE/g), exhibiting strong antioxidant capacity. • KS is rich in RS (60.18%), indicating it has strong digestive resistance. A new ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) method of starch from kiwifruit was established and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions (the pectinase-to-cellulase-to-papain ratio = 1:2:1 g/kg, solid/liquid ratio = 1:6.68, extraction pH = 5.23, ultrasound power = 300 W, and extraction temperature = 52 °C), the kiwi starch (KS) yield was about 4.25%, and the starch content of KS was 873.23 mg/g. Compared to other extraction methods, UAEE can obtain KS with high yield and purity with a shorter extraction time and less solvent and enzyme. The extracted KS has a low gelatinization enthalpy (8.02 J/g) and a high peak viscosity (7933 cP), with obvious particle properties and low adhesion. In addition, KS is rich in polyphenols, has strong antioxidant activity, and has higher contents of amylose starch (30.74%) and resistant starch (60.18%). This study established a novel and highly efficient method for KS extraction and suggest several possible applications for KS in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydrogen PHPs with 2 and 5 turns were compared at a condenser temperature of 19 K. • Thermal conductivities are concentrated in the range of 10,000 to 70,000 W/(m·K) • Thermal conductivity of the 2-turn PHP is higher at each filling ratio. • Minimal thermal resistance if 2-turn PHP are connected in parallel to 5 turns. • Selecting the number of turns based on the heat flux. The number of turns is an important geometric parameter of the pulsating heat pipe. Currently, there is no criterion for selecting the number of turns. To study the effects of the number of turns, two hydrogen closed-loop pulsating heat pipes were tested with 2 turns and 5 turns, respectively. Other parameters were kept the same. To eliminate the influence of the condenser temperature, the condenser temperature was maintained at 19 K under different heat loads. The experiments were carried out at three filling ratios, 28%, 34% and 50%, with a heat load between 0 and 5.5 W. The results show that thermal conductivities of both PHPs are in the range of 10,000 to 70,000 W/(m·K), and the thermal resistances are in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 K/W. The effective thermal conductivity of the 2-turn PHP is higher than that of the 5-turn PHP at each filling ratio. But the thermal resistance of the 2-turn PHP is larger than that of the 5-turn PHP due to the smaller heat transfer area. If the 2-turn PHP is scaled 2.5 times, which is a total of 5 turns, it will outperform the 5-turn PHP in terms of low thermal resistance and high effective conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]