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In this experiment the pretreatment methods of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification were used to quantitatively detect aflatoxin B1 in different edible oils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and the accuracy, spike recovery and detection time of the two pretreatment methods were compared. The results showed that the results of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification for the determination of vegetable oil standard materials were 15.59 μg/kg and 14.64 μg/kg, respectively, both of which were within the standard range. Different amounts of aflatoxin B1 standard materials were added to different kinds of edible oils, and the recovery rate of spikes was between 88%~110%, and the relative standard deviation was within 5%. The Bland-Altman method was used to analyze differences between the automatic immunomagnetic bead purification method and the immunoaffinity chromatography purification method, and the results showed that differences between the two purification methods were within the acceptable range. Both methods could meet the experimental requirements in purification and enrichment of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil and can be used instead of each other. Through the comparison of detection time, automatic immunomagnetic bead purification combined with mycotoxin automatic purification instrument pretreatment method can process multiple samples at the same time, and the average purification time of one sample is less than 3 min, indicating that the treatment time is shorter, and the experimental efficiency is higher.

A method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography purification coupled with GC-MS/MS was developed. The results were shown below: (1) During GPC purification of soybean oil sample added with 16 PAHs, the distillates of 0~19 minutes were oil impurities. The distillates of 19~28 minutes and 28~36 minutes were collected in sections and then measured by GC-MS/MS. The results showed that the distillates from 19 to 28 minutes were PAHs of the first ten low molecular weight and the distillates from 28 to 36 minutes were PAHs of the last six high molecular weight. So, GPC was not strictly in the order of high molecular weight first peak and low molecular weight second peak. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the results, the method of segmenting collection and segmenting determination should be adopted when separating various compounds by GPC. (2) Compared with pretreatment method in GB/T 23213—2008, this method reduced the amount of vegetable oil sample weighed from 4.0 g to 1.0 g. The target analytes in samples were purified using GPC to eliminate most of the coextracts. The extraction process was simplified so that the possible content loss in the extraction process was avoided. The experiment time was shortened and the extraction reagent was saved. (3) The calibration curves of the 16 PAHs showed good linearity in the range of 10~200 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients(R2) greater than 0.99. The LOD ranged from 0.02 to 0.50μg/kg and LOQ ranged from 0.08 to 1.67 μg/kg for 16 PAHs. (4)At the spiked level of 20 μL, 40 μL and 80 μL the average recoveries were 85.30%~103.86%, 91.08%~106.71% and 88.01%~105.87% respectively, and relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 0.69%~2.93%, 0.64%~2.74% and 0.75%~2.81% respectively. The method met the requirements of 16 PAHs analysis.

AbstractThe SwissTargetPrediction was employed to predict the potential drug targets of the active component of Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD). The therapeutic targets for HF were searched in the Genecard database, and Cytoscape3.9.1 software was used to construct the "drug-component-target-disease network" diagram. In addition, the String platform was used to construct Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, and the DAVID database was used for GO and KEGG analysis. AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software was used for molecular docking verification. Network pharmacology studies have shown that AKT 1, ALB, and CASP 3 are the key targets of action of SMYAD against heart failure. The active compounds are quercetin and kaempferol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C19H14F4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8614(10) Å, b = 7.9148(6) Å, c = 16.7999(16) Å, β = 99.150(9)°, V = 1557.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0446, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1150, T = 100 K.

C19H14F4O2${\text{C}}_{19}{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{F}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{2}$, triclinic, P1‾$P‾{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.1539(7) Å, b = 8.8584(6) Å, c = 11.8025(9) Å, α = 73.186(7)°, β = 76.184(7)°, γ = 69.512(7)°, V = 755.39(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt${R}_{gt}$(F) = 0.0436, wRref$w{R}_{\text{ref}}$(F2) = 0.0965, T = 100 K.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn stalk leaves and pith on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum biochemical indexes of mutton sheep. Thirty healthy ewes weighing (30.0 ± 3.0) kg were randomly divided into two groups according to the principle of similar body weight, with three replicates in each group and five ewes in each replicate. The sheep in the control group were fed a corn straw as the roughage, the sheep in the experimental group were fed corn stalk leaves and pith as the roughage, and the sheep in the experimental group and the control group were fed the same concentrate. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the formal trial period was 90 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 10.58%, the average daily dry matter intake increased by 1.01%, and the feed to gain ratio decreased by 8.66%. The apparent digestibility rates of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium, and phosphorus in the experimental group were 6.52%, 8.69%, 9.43%, 8.17%, 8.43%, 5.87%, and 6.51% higher than those in the control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the total protein content, globulin content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of sheep in the experimental group increased by 3.41%, 10.70%, and 12.42%, respectively, and the urea nitrogen content decreased by 5.00%. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, complement C3, and complement C4 in the experimental group were 5.89%, 7.90%, 7.58%, 6.95%, and 2.66% higher than those in the control group, respectively. The experiment o indicates that compared with the whole corn stalk, corn stalk leaves and pith are a kind or high quality roughage herbivorous livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment the pretreatment methods of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification were used to quantitatively detect aflatoxin B1 in different edible oils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and the accuracy, spike recovery and detection time of the two pretreatment methods were compared. The results showed that the results of automatic immunomagnetic bead purification and immunoaffinity chromatography purification for the determination of vegetable oil standard materials were 15.59 μg/kg and 14.64 μg/kg, respectively, both of which were within the standard range. Different amounts of aflatoxin B1 standard materials were added to different kinds of edible oils, and the recovery rate of spikes was between 88%~110%, and the relative standard deviation was within 5%. The Bland-Altman method was used to analyze differences between the automatic immunomagnetic bead purification method and the immunoaffinity chromatography purification method, and the results showed that differences between the two purification methods were within the acceptable range. Both methods could meet the experimental requirements in purification and enrichment of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil and can be used instead of each other. Through the comparison of detection time, automatic immunomagnetic bead purification combined with mycotoxin automatic purification instrument pretreatment method can process multiple samples at the same time, and the average purification time of one sample is less than 3 min, indicating that the treatment time is shorter, and the experimental efficiency is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of liraglutide on the body weight set point (BWSP) in diet-induced obese rats and to determine the relationship between BWSP and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) microglial activation.Methods: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats were divided into three groups: continuous high-fat diet (HFD) plus saline, HFD with liraglutide, and HFD with liraglutide pair feeding. Body weight, BWSP, inflammatory cytokines, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, orexigenic/anorexigenic proteins, apoptosis, and microglia in the ARC were assessed. The effect of liraglutide on the Notch-1 signaling pathway and its relationships with  nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were also investigated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia activation model.Results: Liraglutide reduced BWSP; reversed adverse changes in hypothalamic inflammation, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, and apoptosis; and diminished microgliosis in DIO rats. The BWSP showed a linear correlation with ARC microglial density. Liraglutide inhibited LPS-induced M1 microglial polarization and promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype, diminishing inflammatory cytokine expression. Liraglutide inhibited Notch-1 signaling pathway activation and decreased nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation in LPS-stimulated microglia.Conclusions: Liraglutide can reduce BWSP in DIO rats. There is a linear correlation between hypothalamic microgliosis and BWSP. Liraglutide reduces excessive microglial activation and inflammation, which may contribute to BWSP reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C19H14F4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8614(10) Å, b = 7.9148(6) Å, c = 16.7999(16) Å, β = 99.150(9)°, V = 1557.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0446, wRref(F2) = 0.1150, T = 100 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C19H14F4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8614(10) Å, b = 7.9148(6) Å, c = 16.7999(16) Å, β = 99.150(9)°, V = 1557.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0446, wRref(F2) = 0.1150, T = 100 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process mineralogy of copper flotation tailings from a copper smelter in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, was studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy and MLA mineral automatic measurement technology. The dissemination characteristics and particle size of important mineral phases in tailings were systematically studied, and the comprehensive recovery scheme of the flotation tailings was analyzed. The results show that the content of iron and zinc in the flotation slag are 39.75% and 2.45%, respectively. The main mineral phases of the slag are magnetite, iron olivine and glass phase, and the particle size is relatively fine. The monomer dissociation degree is only 32.15%. It is very difficult to obtain high grade iron concentrate by magnetic selection process. The recommended process is iron separation with direct reduction and magnetic separation methods, the obtained magnetic separation tailings can be used as raw materials for cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C19H14F4O2, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 8.1539(7) Å, b = 8.8584(6) Å, c = 11.8025(9) Å, α = 73.186(7)°, β = 76.184(7)°, γ = 69.512(7)°, V = 755.39(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0436, wRref (F2) = 0.0965, T = 100 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C19H14F4O2, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 8.1539(7) Å, b = 8.8584(6) Å, c = 11.8025(9) Å, α = 73.186(7)°, β = 76.184(7)°, γ = 69.512(7)°, V = 755.39(11) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0436, wRref (F2) = 0.0965, T = 100 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface sediments of lakes in cold regions during ice-sealing and non-ice-sealing periods, we analyzed the potential ecological risk degree and the pollution sources. A total of 20 sampling sites in Lake Ulansuhai in cold regions were collected from 2020 to 2021, and 120 surface sediment samples were collected during different periods. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg were determined. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and the absolute factor score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model were used to trace the source of heavy metal pollution. The results showed that:① the distribution of heavy metals in lake surface sediments was different between the ice-sealing period and the non-ice-sealing period. The distribution of heavy metals during the ice-sealing period was higher in the north and lower in the south. Cd and Hg were mainly distributed in the central and southern lakes during the non-glacial period. ② Hg, Cd, and As were moderately polluted, and Ni was mildly polluted in the surface sediments of the lake. The overall performance was at a high risk level, and the pollution level during the non-ice-sealing period was higher than that during the ice-sealing period. The main environmental risk factors were Hg and Cd, which showed high risk and moderate risk, respectively. ③ The sources of heavy metals in lake surface sediments were mainly industrial sources from mining and transportation, agricultural sources, and natural sources. As, Ni, Pb, and Hg were mainly affected by industrial sources, with contribution rates of 62.67%, 75.31%, 77.47%, and 80.11%, respectively. The main sources of Cu and Zn were natural sources, and Cd was greatly affected by agricultural sources. The contribution rate was 81.57%. The source of Cr was mainly affected by natural factors, and the influence of human activities and unknown sources require further attention.

Herbal/botanical monograph, first emerging abroad, includes the scientific conclusions on safety and effectiveness of herbal medicine/botanical medicine, as it is often compiled by drug regulatory authorities. It is designed to unify the related technologies in this field and evaluation standards for review. Thus, herbal/botanical monograph is vital for the internationalization of Chinese medicine and being inscribed into the herbal/botanical monograph of target country is the first step for drug registration there. At the moment, there are few domestic studies on international herbal/botanical monographs, let alone the importance of the monographs in international registration of Chinese medicine preparations. This study first described international monographs on herbal/botanical medicine, then discussed the similarities and differences between international monographs and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and finally analyzed the significance and value of the monographs in the international registration of Chinese medicine. On this basis, this study underscored the research on herbal/botanical monographs of key candidate countries for Chinese medicine registration, with a view to enhancing international recognition and laying the foundation for international registration and related policy formulation.

Deposition is the main migration process of low-density microplastic aggregation in lakes. In order to explore the deposition law of low-density microplastic aggregation in Wuliangsu Lake, a microplastic trap was designed and applied to examine the deposition process based on the similarities and differences between microplastics and naturally occurring suspended solids. The deposition processes of different sizes and shapes of low-density microplastic aggregation were quantified in Wuliangsu Lake. The results showed that the deposition fluxes of all types of low-density microplastic aggregation increased with wind speed. The deposition of flux of low-density microplastic aggregations with a similar shape of fiber and with a size ranging from 0.05-0.5, 0.5-2, and 2-5 mm had better correlation with wind speed. The correlation coefficient changed from 0.218 to 0.836. The deposition of flux of low-density microplastic aggregations with a similar shape of fiber, fragment, grain, and film and with size ranging from 0.05-0.5, 0.5-2, and 2-5 mm under different wind speeds at different experiment sites changed from 0-(1458±284), 0-(368±144), 0-(71±37), and 0-(85±65)n·(m 2 ·d) -1 , respectively. Furthermore, we found that, when shape was held constant, larger low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be deposited, whereas smaller low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be transported. When size was held constant, fragmentary low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be deposited than fibrous and film microplastic.

Objective: To explore the effect of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) on the quality of oocytes, reproductive hormones, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients., Methods: Sixty infertility patients who prepared for IVF-ET were assigned to two groups according to the treatment order, the treatment group [20 cases, treated with BTR + controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)] and the control group (treated with COH alone, 40 cases). Age, the time limit for infertility, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) concentration, usage days and the dosage of gonadotropins (Gn), serum levels of estradiol (E2), luteotropic hormone (LH), and progesterone (P) on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved occytes, the fertilization rate, the number of embryos, the high quality embryo rate, and the clinical pregnancy rate were compared. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, E2, testosterone (T), and P in the follicular fluid were detected via chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in mature granulosa cells was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR and Western blot., Results: Thirty-two patients were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 53.3%. Of them, 19 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 47.5% in the control group, while 20 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 65.0% in the treatment group. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Gn dosage was lower and the high quality embryo rate was higher in the treatment group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum concentrations of E2, LH, or P on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved oocytes, or the fertilization rate (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, FSH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly lower and LH concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The LH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in E2, T, or P concentrations (P > 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). It was also higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: During the IVF-ET process, BTR could elevate the quality of oocytes, and increase the sensitivity of ovarian follicles to exogenous Gn, which was correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells, and changing concentrations of FSH and LH.

Objective: To explore the effect of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) on the expressions of drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (Smadl), Smad5, Smad8, and Smad4 on human mural granulosa cells., Methods: Sixty-six patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were randomly assigned to two groups in the ratio of 1:2, the treatment group and the control group. Twenty-three patients in the treatment group were treated with BTR and GnRHa/FSH/hCG, while forty-three patients in the control group were treated with GnRHa/FSH/hCG. The mRNA expressions of Smad1, Smad5, Smad8, and Smad4 on mural granulosa cells of the mature follicle were detected by real-time PCR on the ovum retrieval day. The expressions of Smad1, Smad5, Smad8, and Smad4 at the protein level were observed using cell immunofluorescence method., Results: The mRNA and protein expressions of Smadl in the granulosa cells were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in the mRNA and protein expressions of Smad5, Smad8, and Smad4 between the two groups., Conclusion: The mechanisms of BTR for improving the pregnancy rate and the ovarian functions might be correlated with up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of Smadl of human mural granulosa cells.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation activity so as to provide basis for future application of dental pulp stem cells and PRP in tissue engineering and bone repair therapy., Methods: hDPSC were isolated and cultivated in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to test the expression of STRO-1.hDPSC were cultured in various concentrations of PRP (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%). At the 2nd and 6th day 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was tested. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSC was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red staining at the 7th and 14th day., Results: Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that 14.82% of hDPSC were STRO-1 positive. One percent to 20% PRP showed significant effect of promoting hDPSC proliferation. One percent to 10% PRP showed significant effect of promoting hDPSC osteogenic differentiation., Conclusions: Certain concentrations of PRP can promote hDPSC proliferate and osteogenic differentiate, and this finding suggests future application of dental pulp stem cells and PRP in bone tissue engineering.