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14. A Complete Set of Pseudo-Zernike Moment Invariants by Image Shape Description

Author

Zheng, Lin, Zhao, Sinan, Liu, Qian, Zhu, Hongqing, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Lei, Jingsheng, editor, Wang, Fu Lee, editor, Deng, Hepu, editor, and Miao, Duoqian, editor

Published
2012
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20. Synergistic upregulation of PD‑L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor‑infiltrating CD8+ T cells leads to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author

Kang, Xi, Zhao, Sinan, Lin, Shan, Li, Jing, and Wang, Shunxiang

Subjects
*CANCER prognosis, *T cells, *PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1, *T-cell exhaustion, *TUMOR-infiltrating immune cells, *HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma
Abstract

The immune escape of tumor cells and functional status of tumor-infiltrating T cells may serve pivotal roles in the tumor immune microenvironment and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study enrolled 91 patients with HCC and examined programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in patient samples using multiplex immunofluorescence assays. The impact of PD-L1 and CD39 expression levels on the prognosis of patients with HCC was investigated utilizing Kaplan-Meier analyses. The individual upregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells, as well as the individual upregulation of CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells did not significantly affect the prognosis of patients with HCC. However, the simultaneous upregulation of both PD-L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was associated with reduced overall survival in patients with HCC. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the interplay between tumor cell immune escape and tumor-infiltrating immune cell functional status within the tumor immune microenvironment may have had a substantial impact on the prognosis of patients with HCC. Mechanistically, increased expression levels of PD-L1 in tumor cells may improve the immune escape capacity of tumors, whilst upregulation of CD39 in tumor-infiltrating T cells may be associated with T cell exhaustion. Therefore, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, in conjunction with the exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, could serve as a future potential prognostic indicator of patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. New Fuel Air Control Strategy for Reducing NOx Emissions from Corner-Fired Utility Boilers at Medium–Low Loads

Author

Tongsheng Wei, Cheng Zhang, Chungen Yin, Zhao Sinan, Huajian Wang, Gang Chen, and Qingyan Fang

Subjects
Waste management, Power station, business.industry, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Fossil fuel, Nozzle, Boiler (power generation), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Combustion, Renewable energy, Fuel Technology, 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Coal, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, 0204 chemical engineering, business, NOx
Abstract

Due to the rapidly growing renewable power, the fossil fuel power plants have to be increasingly operated under large and rapid load change conditions, which can induce various challenges. This work aims to reduce NOx emissions of large-scale corner-fired boilers operated at medium–low loads. The combustion characteristics and NOx emissions from a 1000 MWe corner-fired tower boiler under different loads are investigated experimentally and numerically. A new control strategy for the annular fuel air is proposed and implemented in the boiler, in which the secondary air admitted to the furnace through the air annulus around each coal nozzle tip is controlled by the boiler load, instead of being controlled by the output of the connected mill as commonly used in this kind of power plant. Both the experimental and simulation results show that the new control strategy reduces NOx emissions at the entrance of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system by about 20% at medium–low loads, compared to those based on the original control. The new control strategy has also been successfully applied to two other corner-fired boilers to achieve a significant NOx emission reduction at partial loads. In all three applications, no negative effect on the combustion and steam temperature characteristics of the boilers is observed.

Published
2017
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22. Advanced Monte Carlo Simulation and Machine Learning for Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Author

Zhao, Sinan, Zhao, Sinan, Zhao, Sinan, and Zhao, Sinan

Abstract

Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT) is a popular, rapidly growing imaging technique with an increasing number of bio-medical applications due to its noninvasive nature. However, there are three major challenges in understanding and improving an OCT system: (1) Obtaining an OCT image is not easy. It either takes a real medical experiment or requires days of computer simulation. Without much data, it is difficult to study the physical processes underlying OCT imaging of different objects simply because there aren't many imaged objects. (2) Interpretation of an OCT image is also hard. This challenge is more profound than it appears. For instance, it would require a trained expert to tell from an OCT image of human skin whether there is a lesion or not. This is expensive in its own right, but even the expert cannot be sure about the exact size of the lesion or the width of the various skin layers. The take-away message is that analyzing an OCT image even from a high level would usually require a trained expert, and pixel-level interpretation is simply unrealistic. The reason is simple: we have OCT images but not their underlying ground-truth structure, so there is nothing to learn from. (3) The imaging depth of OCT is very limited (millimeter or sub-millimeter on human tissues). While OCT utilizes infrared light for illumination to stay noninvasive, the downside of this is that photons at such long wavelengths can only penetrate a limited depth into the tissue before getting back-scattered. To image a particular region of a tissue, photons first need to reach that region. As a result, OCT signals from deeper regions of the tissue are both weak (since few photons reached there) and distorted (due to multiple scatterings of the contributing photons). This fact alone makes OCT images very hard to interpret. This thesis addresses the above challenges by successfully developing an advanced Monte Carlo simulation platform which is 10000 times faster than the state-of

Published
2016

23. Causes and mitigation of gas temperature deviation in tangentially fired tower-type boilers

Author

Zhao Sinan, Haibo Zhao, Gang Chen, Qingyan Fang, Cheng Zhang, Tan Peng, and Chungen Yin

Subjects
Flue gas, Computer simulation, 020209 energy, Boiler (power generation), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Numerical simulation, Residual, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Tangentially coal-fired, 020401 chemical engineering, Skewness, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Gas temperature deviation, Environmental science, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, 0204 chemical engineering, Arch, Superheater, Tower-type boiler, Overheating (electricity)
Abstract

Gas temperature deviation is a common problem for tangentially fired boilers due to the residual swirling at the furnace exit. It can induce overheating or even explosion of superheaters and/or reheaters tubes. Tower design of tangentially fired boilers is expected to abate the deviation. However, large gas temperature deviation still exists in tower-type boilers. In this study, a numerical method that is validated by experimental data and designed value is used to investigate the gas temperature deviation in a 1000 MWe tangentially coal-fired tower-type boiler, from which the two main causes of the deviation are identified and a new method to mitigate the deviation is proposed. First, the traction of the induced draft fans skews the flue gas flow towards the rear wall, on which the furnace exit is located. Such gas flow skewness becomes aggravated along with the furnace height. Second, the dense panel heaters obstruct the gas flow, which further aggravates the gas flow skewness. Both in combination result in a highly non-uniform gas flow in the panel heaters zone and thus a large gas temperature deviation. In the 1000 MWe tower-type boiler under investigation, the gas temperature deviation between the left side and the right side on the entrance cross-section of the final superheater reaches 120 K. A new method, i.e., adding an arch nose under the furnace exit, is proposed to mitigate the deviation, in which the height of the arch nose is a decisive factor and needs to be carefully determined. A too low arch nose cannot eliminate the skewness of flue gas towards the rear wall while a too high arch nose skews the flue gas towards the front wall. The new mitigation method has been proven effective.

Published
2018
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28. New Fuel Air Control Strategy for Reducing NOxEmissions from Corner-Fired Utility Boilers at Medium–Low Loads

Author

Zhao, Sinan, Fang, Qingyan, Yin, Chungen, Wei, Tongsheng, Wang, Huajian, Zhang, Cheng, and Chen, Gang

Abstract

Due to the rapidly growing renewable power, the fossil fuel power plants have to be increasingly operated under large and rapid load change conditions, which can induce various challenges. This work aims to reduce NOxemissions of large-scale corner-fired boilers operated at medium–low loads. The combustion characteristics and NOxemissions from a 1000 MWecorner-fired tower boiler under different loads are investigated experimentally and numerically. A new control strategy for the annular fuel air is proposed and implemented in the boiler, in which the secondary air admitted to the furnace through the air annulus around each coal nozzle tip is controlled by the boiler load, instead of being controlled by the output of the connected mill as commonly used in this kind of power plant. Both the experimental and simulation results show that the new control strategy reduces NOxemissions at the entrance of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system by about 20% at medium–low loads, compared to those based on the original control. The new control strategy has also been successfully applied to two other corner-fired boilers to achieve a significant NOxemission reduction at partial loads. In all three applications, no negative effect on the combustion and steam temperature characteristics of the boilers is observed.

Published
2017
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31. Bioactive PKS–NRPS Alkaloids from the Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungus Xylaria arbuscula.

Author

Wang, Ya, Zhao, Sinan, Guo, Tao, Li, Li, Li, Tantan, Wang, Anqi, Zhang, Dandan, Wang, Yanlei, and Sun, Yi

Subjects
*ENDOPHYTIC fungi, *XYLARIA, *ALKALOIDS, *CYTOCHALASINS, *MACROCYCLIC compounds, *CIRCULAR dichroism
Abstract

A novel hybrid PKS–NRPS alkaloid, xylarialoid A (1), containing a 13-membered macrocyclic moiety and [5,5,6] fused tricarbocyclic rings, together with ten known cytochalasins (2–11), was isolated from a plant-derived endophytic fungus, Xylaria arbuscula. The chemical structures of all compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HR ESIMS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 1–3 and 10 exhibited significant antitumor activities against A549 and Hep G2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.6–19.6 μM. In addition, compound 1 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC50, 6.6 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Connectivity Based Characterization of Brain Function in Humans and Dogs

Author

Zhao, Sinan

Subjects
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to infer brain function in both healthy and clinical populations. Here, we propose novel approaches for connectivity based characterization in both humans and dogs. In humans, these approaches have been applied for characterizing brain network alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. AD, which affects millions of elderly worldwide, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a long pre-morbid period such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Brain declines, both functional and structural, are inevitable with age. However, determining how and when the trajectories begin to deviate from healthy elderly individuals is a crucial step to effectively slow down the progression of the disease. Using resting-state fMRI, we first estimated Betweenness Centrality (BC) and a novel nodal characterization approach called Middlemen Power (MP) from directed network that characterize information flow. The directed network were derived from the following populations: Normal Control (NC), Early MCI (EMCI), Late MCI (LMCI) and AD. Our results demonstrate that MP detected more brain regions that progressively deteriorated from NC to EMCI to LMCI to AD, as compared to BC in directed networks. Also, BC did not identify a single node from undirected networks that significantly deteriorated. This demonstrates the MP may represent a more sensitive analytic tool for characterizing biomarkers in both directed and undirected networks. Most connectivity analyses have reported distributed decreases as well as increases in causal relationships among brain regions in MCI and AD. However, it is difficult to interpret these connectivity results because traditionally, our knowledge of brain function is anchored on regions and not connections. Therefore, we employed a novel approach for identifying focal directed connectivity deficits in AD compared to healthy controls. Two foci were identified, locus coeruleus (LC) in the brain stem and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Corresponding disrupted connectivity network associated with the foci showed that the brainstem is the critical focus of disruption in AD. Our findings suggest that fMRI studies of AD, which have been largely cortico-centric, could in future investigate the role of brain stem in AD. Functional brain connectivity based on resting state fMRI has been shown to be correlated with human personality and behavior. In the third study, we sought to know whether capabilities and traits in dogs can be predicted from their resting state connectivity as in humans. We trained awake dogs to keep their head still inside a 3T MRI scanner while resting state fMRI data was acquired. Canine behavior was characterized by an integrated behavioral score. Functional scans and behavioral measures were acquired at three different time points (TPs). We hypothesized that the correlation between resting state FC in the dog brain and behavior measures would significantly change during their detection training process (from TP1 to TP2), and would maintain for the subsequent several months of detection work (from TP2 to TP3). To further study the resting state FC features that can predict the success of training, dogs at TP1 were divided into successful group and failure group. We observed a core brain network which showed relatively stable (with respect to time) patterns of interaction that were significantly stronger in the successful group compared to failure group and whose connectivity strength at TP1 predicted whether a given dog was eventually successful in becoming a detector dog. A second flexible peripheral network was observed whose changes in connectivity strength with detection training tracked corresponding changes in behavior. Our findings suggest that upon replication and refinement, fMRI-based resting state brain connectivity may assist in choosing dogs that are more easily trainable for performing detection tasks.

Published
2017

33. Synergistic upregulation of PD‑L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor‑infiltrating CD8 + T cells leads to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author

Kang X, Zhao S, Lin S, Li J, and Wang S

Abstract

The immune escape of tumor cells and functional status of tumor-infiltrating T cells may serve pivotal roles in the tumor immune microenvironment and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study enrolled 91 patients with HCC and examined programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells in patient samples using multiplex immunofluorescence assays. The impact of PD-L1 and CD39 expression levels on the prognosis of patients with HCC was investigated utilizing Kaplan-Meier analyses. The individual upregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells, as well as the individual upregulation of CD39 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells did not significantly affect the prognosis of patients with HCC. However, the simultaneous upregulation of both PD-L1 in tumor cells and CD39 in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells was associated with reduced overall survival in patients with HCC. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the interplay between tumor cell immune escape and tumor-infiltrating immune cell functional status within the tumor immune microenvironment may have had a substantial impact on the prognosis of patients with HCC. Mechanistically, increased expression levels of PD-L1 in tumor cells may improve the immune escape capacity of tumors, whilst upregulation of CD39 in tumor-infiltrating T cells may be associated with T cell exhaustion. Therefore, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, in conjunction with the exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, could serve as a future potential prognostic indicator of patients with HCC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Kang et al.)

Published
2024
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34. Alginate hydrogels containing different concentrations of magnesium-containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for bone tissue engineering.

Author

Wang L, Li Y, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Song Y, Liu J, and Tan F

Subjects
Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer chemistry, Microspheres, Glycols, Alginates chemistry, Hydrogels chemistry, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Ions, Tissue Engineering methods, Magnesium chemistry
Abstract

The easy loss of crosslinking ions in alginate can result in structural collapse and loss of its characteristics as a bone scaffold. A novel injectable tissue engineering scaffold containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and alginate was fabricated to improve alginate's physiochemical and biological properties. MgCO 3 and MgO were loaded at a 1:1 ratio into PLGA microspheres to form biodegradable PLGA microspheres containing magnesium (PMg). Subsequently, different concentrations of PMg were mixed into a Ca 2+ suspension and employed as crosslinking agents for an alginate hydrogel. A pure Ca 2+ suspension was used as the alginate crosslinking agent in the control group. The influence of PMg on the physiochemical properties of the injectable scaffolds, including the surface morphology, degradation rate, Mg 2+ precipitation concentration, and the swelling rate, was investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the hydrogels to evaluate the effect of the resultant alginate on osteoblastic attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels, including morphology, degradation rate, and swelling ratio, were effectively tuned by PMg. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy results showed that, in contrast to those in pure PMg, the magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) in alginate hydrogel containing PMg microspheres (Alg-PMg) were released in a dose-dependent and slow-releasing manner. Additionally, Alg-PMg with an appropriate concentration of PMg not only improved cell attachment and proliferation but also upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression of osteogenic markers, and related growth factors. These findings indicate that PMg incorporation can regulate the physicochemical properties of alginate hydrogels. The resultant hydrogel promoted cell attachment, matrix mineralization, and bone regeneration. The hydrogel described in this study can be considered a promising injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering., (© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Published
2023
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