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Objective To explore a potential relationship of Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to cognitive functions among elders. Methods The participants were from Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study conducted in Jiangsu province, China. TUG test was completed, recording gaits stability, test time and the overall scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using Chinese version of revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R). Results A total of 1 655 participants (aged 75-84 years old) completed the TUG test and cognitive evaluation were included in this study. Among them, 872(52.7%) in cognitive impairment group and 783(47.3%) in non-cognitive impairment group, the gait stability, time and scale of TUG test were inverse associated with HDS-R and its subcomponents, respectively(P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that unsteady gait(OR=1.11, 95% CI:1.08-1.14, P＜0.001), longer time (OR=2.50, 95% CI:1.76-3.55, P＜0.001) and deteriorated scale (OR=1.62, 95% CI:1.39-1.89, P＜0.001) in TUG test were independently associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions Worse motor function performance on TUG test is significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The application of TUG test is potential method in early risk screening of cognitive impairment in community and has certain feasibility.

Objective To investigate whether depression is a potential risk factor for falls in the elderly in China. Methods Data were collected from the Subcohort of Rugao Longevity and Aging Study. Depression in the elderly was assessed by the GDS-15(Geriatric Depression Scale), and the occurrence of falls in the subjects at baseline in 2014 and the second follow-up in 2017 were collected and recorded. According to the depression status, subjects were divided into depression group and normal group, and the general information and occurrence of falls were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze whether depression increased the risk of falls in older adults. Results In the cross-sectional study of 1 548 subjects, the incidence of falls was 8.3%. The proportion of subjects in the “fall” group was higher in older age, lower education level and cognitive impairment. Compared with the normal group, the depressed group had a higher proportion of women, farmers, less education, unmarried, non-smokers, non-drinkers and cognitively disabled people. After adjusting for confounders, depression was associated with an increased risk of falls at baseline and 3 years later in older adults (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Depression is a potential risk factor for falls among the elderly in the Chinese community.

Aircraft airfoils are classified into two main categories: symmetrical and asymmetrical. Both types of airfoils have a significant impact on the flight performance and safety of the aircraft. The fast prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions of airfoils is crucial for the design of aircraft. The traditional wind tunnel test and CFD methods have the disadvantages of high test cost and high time consumption. To solve these problems, a combined autoencoder (CAE) network is proposed in this paper, which can achieve the fast prediction of airfoil aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions. The network consists of an airfoil shape autoencoder (AE) network and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network. Firstly, an autoencoder network reflecting the characteristics of the airfoil shape is established, and the effects of different latent variables on the performance of the autoencoder network are investigated. Then, the latent variables obtained from the autoencoder are concatenated with the inflow conditions such as the Reynolds number and the angle of attack to be used as inputs to the MLP network, and the aerodynamic coefficients of different airfoils in different inflow conditions are predicted. The effects of various latent variable inputs, as well as the direct input of the airfoil shape into the MLP network, on the prediction performance of aerodynamic coefficients are compared and analyzed. The optimal aerodynamic coefficient prediction network is then obtained. Finally, the CAE network is also applied to predict the pressure distributions of different airfoils in different inflow conditions and the effects of different latent variables and input conditions on the prediction performance of the pressure distributions are analyzed and compared with the advantages and disadvantages of the CAE network and the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) network. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of accurately predicting aerodynamic characteristics in a shorter time, offering a valuable reference for the fast and efficient design of aircraft airfoils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, which plays a very important role in the transportation of nutrients at the regional and even global scale. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites located at the Gaocun to Lijin reaches along the Yellow River and the distribution characteristics of different phosphorus species were analyzed. The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water ranged from 1.89 to 2.67 g·L -1 with an average of 2.26 g·L -1 in May and from 0.43 to 1.79 g·L -1 with an average of 1.21 g·L -1 in September. It almost had the same variation rule as the water flux, which reflects the influence of water flux on SPM transportation. The concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in water ranged from 0.05 to 2.31 mg·L -1 in May and from 0.03 to 0.1 mg·L -1 in September. Particulate phosphorus (PP) was the dominant TP species in both months, and TP and PP were significantly correlated ( P <0.01), which implied that phosphorus loss in soil from Gaocun to Lijin reaches is still serious. Water runoff was positively correlated with TP and PP ( P <0.05), but negatively correlated with total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) ( P <0.05, P <0.01, respectively). Increasing water runoff obviously increased the dilution of TDP and DIP. The concentration of SPM was negatively correlated with DIP ( P <0.01), the adsorption of SPM on phosphorus was mainly the adsorption of DIP. The permanganate index in water was higher in fall suggesting more serious organic pollution and it was positively correlated with DIP ( P <0.01). The phosphorus content in sediments was quite low in both months; the total phosphorus (TP) content in sediments ranged from 284.23 to 569.58 mg·kg -1 in May and from 287.97 to 355.39 mg·kg -1 in September. Calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) was the dominant species of inorganic phosphorus (IP). The labile organic phosphorus (L-OP) content was significantly correlated with runoff, SPM concentration, and permanganate index ( P <0.01, P <0.05, P <0.01, respectively). The organic phosphorus (OP) content was significantly higher at the Lijin site in May, likely caused by the rainfall-runoff from the mining area around Lijin. The energy-based production activities from the Gaocun to Lijin reaches should also be further investigated.

Objective: To investigate the effects of extracts from Ajuga decumbens on anti-fatigue in mice., Methods: One hundred and twenty female Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into quiet control group, sport control group, positive control group and 3 experimental groups which were the low, medium and high dose group given the extracts from Ajuga decumbens . The low, medium and high dose group were given the extracts with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg by body weight of mice for 30 d, respectively, but the positive control group was given American ginseng granules, while the quiet control group and the sport control groups were treated with saline. After this, the exhausting time, the physio-biochemical indexes (including lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglyceride) in serum, the contents of muscle and liver glycogen, and the antioxidative indexes (including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde) of organs in mice were investigated., Results: The exhausting time, the number of red blood cell, the contents of hemoglobin and blood sugar, the contents of muscle and liver glycogen, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in organs of mice in the medium dose group and the high dose group were significantly more than those of the sport control group, but the contents of blood lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen and that of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum, and the content of malondialdehyde in organs of mice in the medium dose group and the high dose group were significantly lower than those of the sport control group. And the effect of medium dose extracts from Ajuga decumbens on anti-fatigue was better than that of American ginseng granules., Conclusions: The extracts from Ajuga decumbens has significant anti-fatigue effect in mice.

Objective: To study immunomodulating activity of Lonicera Japonica flavone by investigating immune enzymatic activity of serum and antoxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice., Methods: Fifty KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group(n = 10), respectively. And low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group were given Lonicera Japonica flavone with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg every day, respectively, while control group and model group were administered with NS. After continuously giving drug 7 weeks, other groups were injected with Dexamethasome (Dex: 25 mg /kg) for 3 days by subcutaneous injection, but the control group were treated with NS. And after giving Lonicera Japonica flavone 1 week simultaneously, organ indexes , the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LSZ) in serum , and the content of monoamine oxidase (MAO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lymphoid organs in mice were tested, respectively., Results: Lonicera Japonica flavone could significantly improve the organ indexes, and significantly improve the activity of ACP, AKP and LSZ in serum, and significantly improve the contents of T-AOC and SOD, but reduce that of MAO and MDA in lymphoid organs in immunosuppressed mice., Conclusion: Ionicera Japonica flavone can significantly improve the activity of immune enzyme in serum and the antioxidized activity of lymphoid organs in mice. It suggests that Ionicera Japonica flavone has a good immunomodulatory effects.