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The sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) require considerable Pd in the cathode, hindering the widespread of alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). By alloying Pd with transition metals, the oxygen reduction reaction's catalytic properties can be substantially enhanced. Nevertheless, the utilization of Pd-transition metal alloys in fuel cells is significantly constrained by their inadequate long-term durability due to the propensity of transition metals to leach. In this study, a nonmetallic doping strategy was devised and implemented to produce a Pd catalyst doped with P that exhibited exceptional durability towards ORRs. Pd3P0.95 with an average size of 6.41 nm was synthesized by the heat-treatment phosphorization of Pd nanoparticles followed by acid etching. After P-doping, the size of the Pd nanoparticles increased from 5.37 nm to 6.41 nm, and the initial mass activity (MA) of Pd3P0.95/NC reached 0.175 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V, slightly lower than that of Pd/C. However, after 40,000 cycles of accelerated durability testing, instead of decreasing, the MA of Pd3P0.95/NC increased by 6.3% while the MA loss of Pd/C was 38.3%. The durability was primarily ascribed to the electronic structure effect and the aggregation resistance of the Pd nanoparticles. This research also establishes a foundation for the development of Pd-based ORR catalysts and offers a direction for the future advancement of catalysts designed for practical applications in AFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five kinds of graphene nanoplatelet-modified explosive lead styphnate composites (GLS) have been synthesized with different GNPs content from 0.1 to 2.0 mass% and characterized by SEM, XRD and Raman spectra. The initial thermal decomposition behaviours were studied by DPTA, and the complete thermal decompositions were studied by DSC and TG for the everlasting thermal stability of explosives in storage and application. The effects of GNP contents on thermal decomposition were investigated. The evolved gas amount from DPTA test indicates that GLS 1.0 % has the best thermal stability at ambient storage conditions. According to TG and DSC tests, the characteristic temperatures of thermal decomposition ( T and T), the thermodynamic parameters (Δ S, Δ H and Δ G), the kinetic parameters ( E and A) also confirmed this view. The results indicate that the GNP plays two opposite roles in their thermal decomposition processes, the catalysis reaction and hindering thermal conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Treatment of bilateral vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage remains challenging as bilateral deconstructive procedures may not be feasible. In this case series, we describe our approach to their management and review the pertinent literature. Method A retrospective review of our prospectively collected database on aneurysms was performed to identify all patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in the setting of bilateral intradural vertebral artery dissections (VAD) encompassing a period from January 2000 and March 2012. Result Four patients (M/F = 2/2; mean age, 51.5 years) were identified. In two cases the site of rupture could be identified by angiographic and cross-sectional features; in these patients deconstructive treatment (proximal obliteration or trapping) of the ruptured site and reconstructive treatment of the unruptured site (using stents and coils) were performed. In the patients in whom the site of hemorrhage could not be determined, bilateral reconstructive treatment was performed. No treatment-related complications were encountered. Modified Rankin scale scores were 0–1 at discharge, and on follow-up (mean 63 months), no recurrence, in-stent thrombosis or new neurological deficits were encountered. Conclusion We believe that single-stage treatment in patients with bilateral VAD is indicated: If the site of hemorrhage can be determined, we prefer deconstructive treatment on the affected site and reconstructive treatment on the non-affected site to prevent increased hemodynamic stress on the unruptured but diseased wall. If the site of dissection cannot be determined, we prefer bilateral reconstructive treatment to avoid increasing hemodynamic stress on the potentially untreated acute hemorrhagic dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To evaluate the effects of the multiple burr hole (MBH) revascularization on ischemic type adult Moyamoya disease (MMD) by computed tomography perfusion (CTP). Methods: Eighty-six ischemic MMD patients received CTP 1 week before and 3 weeks after MBH operation. Fifty-seven patients received it again at 6 month and underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and mRS follow-up. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), and relative values of ischemic symptomatic hemispheres were measured. Differences in pre- and post-surgery perfusion CT values were assessed. Results: There were significant differences of CBF, TTP, and relative time to peak (rTTP) in ischemic hemisphere between 1 week before and 3 weeks after surgery, and no significant difference in relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), CBV, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), MTT, relative mean transit time (rMTT). According to whether there was symptom improvement or not on 3 weeks after MBH, the rTTP value was not statistically significant in the patients whose symptoms were not improved at all on 3 weeks after operation. Six-month follow-up showed that CBF, rCBF, and rCBV values were significantly higher than those before operation. Postoperative MTT, TTP, rMTT, and rTTP values were significantly lower than those before operation. Conclusion: CTP is a sensitive method to obtain functional imaging of cerebral microcirculation, which can be a noninvasive assessment of the abnormalities of intracranial arteries and cerebral perfusion changes in MMD before and after surgery. CBF and TTP map, especially the relative values of TTP, seems to have the capability of being quite sensitive to the presence of altered brain perfusion at early time after indirect revascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus anthracis is an extremely dangerous bacterium that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. 2,6-Pyridine dicarboxylic acid (DPA) is a major biomarker of Bacillus anthracis, and it is of great significance to be able to detect DPA in a rapid, efficient, and sensitive way. Herein, a 3D network metal–organic framework (Tb-MOF) with excellent thermal and water stability was synthesized. Tb-MOF could be used to selectively detect DPA via green fluorescence recovery with a fluorescence intensity enhancement factor of 103. In addition, due to the high detection sensitivity (a detection limit of 2.4 μM) and excellent anti-interference abilities, Tb-MOF was less affected by environmental factors when compared with a "turn-off"-response luminescence sensor; it can be employed as a promising "turn-on" luminescence sensor for DPA in the future. Finally, quantum calculations showed that a large energy difference appeared between the 5D4 level of Tb3+ and the first excited triplet energy level of H2-DHBDC2−, which was the reason that the complex did not show characteristic Tb3+ emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia may result in a poor prognosis following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the association between hyperglycemia and the clinical outcome of aSAH has not been clearly established thus far. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between hyperglycemia and the development of aSAH. We completed a literature search in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to November 1, 2021, including all eligible studies investigating the prognostic value of hyperglycemia in patients with aSAH. We performed a quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association of hyperglycemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A total of 35 studies with 11,519 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. Nineteen studies reported the association between hyperglycemia and poor outcome, 12 studies reported the association between hyperglycemia and all-cause mortality, 7 studies reported the association between hyperglycemia and cerebral vasospasm, and 9 studies reported the association between hyperglycemia and cerebral infarction. The pooled data of these studies suggested that hyperglycemia was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.42; P < 0.00001; I2 = 83%), all-cause mortality (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P = 0.0006; I2 = 89%), cerebral vasospasm (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02; P = 0.0002; I2 = 35%), and cerebral infarction (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09–1.23; P < 0.00001; I2 = 10%) in aSAH patients. These findings suggested that assessing for hyperglycemia at admission may help clinicians to identify critically ill patients and complete patient stratification early, which may achieve better management and improve the prognosis of patients with aSAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain cavernous sinus (CS) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are difficult to access through transarterial or transvenous routes and may necessitate access through direct transorbital puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) or the CS. However, to be successful, the accurate design of the puncture route and guidance are crucial. This study aimed to report our preliminary clinical experience using cone-beam computed tomography (CT) with real-time fluoroscopic overlays for image guidance during transorbital needle puncture. Between December 2017 and July 2018, 3 patients with CS DAVFs were treated via a transorbital puncture to establish access to the CS under the guidance of XperGuide planning software either via direct CS puncture or through the SOV. The guidance trajectory was superimposed onto the real-time fluoroscopic image during needle puncture. Once access was established, the CS DAVFs were treated with a combination of liquid embolic materials and coils. Image guidance aided to avoid at-risk structures and treatment resulted in all cases in complete obliteration of the CS DAVFs as verified by control angiography without peri- or postprocedural complications. Endovascular embolization of CS DAVFs via direct transorbital puncture aided by image guidance provided an alternative option when more conventional approaches are deemed not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Giant serpentine aneurysms (GSAs) are a subgroup of giant intracranial aneurysms, distinct from saccular and fusiform varieties, that are defined as partially thrombosed giant aneurysms with tortuous internal vascular channel. Clinicopathologic characteristics of middle cerebral artery GSAs have been rarely reported in the literature, with discussion of radiologic characteristics only. We clarify patient clinical and neuroradiologic features and discuss the mechanism of formation and progression. Case Description A 43-year-old woman presented with a GSA arising from the middle cerebral artery. There was a separate inflow and outflow channel of the aneurysm, with the outflow channel feeding the distal branches of the parent artery and supplying normal brain parenchyma. The GSA was treated successfully by aneurysmectomy and superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass followed by proximal occlusion and vascular reconstruction. An aneurysm specimen was examined to correlate pathologic findings and morphologic characteristics. Result Pathologic results showed that thickness of the aneurysmal wall was typically increased and varied, and no internal elastic lamina or endothelial lining could be identified. The sac contained thrombi of various ages with recanalizing vessel formation and chronic inflammation infiltration. Intimal hyperplasia and neoangiogenesis in the wall and hyaline degeneration of the media were observed. Vessels coursing in their adventitia showed mucoid changes, which are responsible for the contrast enhancement of the aneurysmal rim on computed tomography scan. Conclusions GSAs are a specific pathologic entity with unique morphologic and pathologic characteristics that can affect intracranial blood vessels. The pathogenic mechanisms are unclear; this report suggests that GSAs may be associated with degeneration of the vascular wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We performed this study to report our experience using a stepwise stent deployment technique for the treatment of tandem intracranial aneurysms.Methods: Patients with intracranial tandem aneurysms that were treated with a stepwise stent deployment technique between May 2009 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Twenty-one patients with 42 tandem aneurysms were identified (11 men, 10 women), with a mean age of 53.7 years (range, 17-82 years). Subarachnoid haemorrhage was confirmed in 12 patients using computed tomography at onset. Complete occlusion was achieved in 20 of the aneurysms (47.6%) after the procedure, neck remnant in 9 (21.4%), and aneurysm remnant in 13 (31.0%). The perioperative complications included in-stent thrombosis in one case and vasospasm in two cases, none of which left a permanent neurological deficit. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge was 0-2 in 20 cases and 3 in one case. The follow-up angiograms available for 17 patients showed complete occlusion in 26 aneurysms, improved in 4, and stable in 4. All of the patients had mRS scores of 0-1 during the clinical follow-up period.Conclusions: The stepwise stent deployment technique is feasible and helpful in the treatment of intracranial tandem aneurysms.Key Points: • Treating wide-necked intracranial aneurysms with stent-assisted coiling is preferable. • Tandem wide-necked intracranial aneurysms can be treated with a single stent. • Stepwise stent deployment is technically feasible for embolizing tandem intracranial aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate risk factors of sis-VADAs recurrence after reconstructive treatment based on 113 reconstructed lesions. Methods: A total of 111 patients (M:F = 68:43; median age, 47 years) with 113 sis-VADAs underwent reconstruction from October 2000 to March 2011, using stent(s) and coils. Treatments and predictors of recurrence were retrospectively analysed. Results: Fifty-eight sis-VADAs underwent single-stent treatment, and the remaining 55 sis-VADAs underwent treatment with 2-4 overlapping stents. Follow-up angiography was available for 94 sis-VADAs 12 -78 months, with recurrence in ten patients, including seven angiographic recurrences and three post-treatment haemorrhagic recurrences. A higher rate of post-treatment recurrence was observed in the single stent group than in the multiple stents group ( p = 0.010). The interaction between stent (s) implantation and immediate occlusion degree (odds ratio [OR] =3.152; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.293-7.686; p = 0.012), between stent (s) implantation and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involvement (OR = 4.607; 95 % CI, 1.172-18.113; p = 0.029), and between PICA involvement and immediate occlusion degree (OR = 5.018; 95 % CI, 1.263-19.933; p = 0.022) affect recurrence in the reconstructed sis-VADAs. Conclusions: This single centre cohort study indicated that the interaction effect between stent (s) implantation, PICA involvement, and immediate occlusion degree were closely associated with recurrence after reconstructive treatment of sis-VADA. Key Points: • The interaction between stent (s) and immediate occlusion degree affect aneurysmal recurrence • The interaction between stent and PICA involvement affect aneurysmal recurrence • The interaction between PICA involvement and immediate occlusion degree affect aneurysmal recurrence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintaining endothelial integrity and keeping vascular homeostasis. Previously, we reported that EPCs were involved in repair and remodeling of aneurismal wall. In the present study, we verified this hypothesis by investigating the proliferative ability and count of EPCs in peripheral blood of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Twenty-four patients with UIAs (UIA group) and 24 negative controls (control group) were included in this study. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) were harvested and selectively cultured. The colony-forming ability of cultured cells was analyzed and the biological functions were examined by testing the adsorption of ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate and acetylated low-density lipoprotein internalization. The migratory and adhesive ability of cultured EPCs were assessed. In vitro cultured PBMCs were identified as EPCs by examining surface markers CD34, CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 using flow cytometry. EPCs from UIA group possessed significantly decreased proliferative, migratory and adhesive capacities compared with EPCs from control group. Furthermore, EPCs count in UIA group was significantly decreased. Collectively, these results indicated that the circulating EPCs of UIA patients may be involved in intracranial aneurysm repair and remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MiR-106a is frequently down-regulated in various types of human cancer. However the underlying mechanism of miR-106a involved in glioma remains elusive.Methods: The association of miR-106a with glioma grade and patient survival was analyzed. The biological function and target of miR-106a were determined by bioinformatic analysis and cell experiments (Western blot, luciferase reporter, cell cycle, ntracellular ATP production and glucose uptake assay). Finally, rescue expression of its target SLC2A3 was used to test the role of SLC2A3 in miR-106a-mediated cell glycolysis and proliferation.Results: Here we showed that miR-106a was a tumor suppressor miRNA was involved in GBM cell glucose uptake and proliferation. Decreased miR-106a in GBM tissues and conferred a poor survival of GBM patients. SLC2A3 was identified as a core target of miR-106a in GBM cells. Inhibition of SLC2A3 by miR-106a attenuated cell proliferation and inhibited glucose uptake. In addition, for each biological process we identified ontology-associated transcripts that significantly correlated with SLC2A3 expression. Finally, the expression of SLC2A3 largely abrogated miR-106a-mediated cell proliferation and glucose uptake in GBM cells.Conclusions: Taken together, miR-106a and SLC2A3 could be potential therapeutic approaches for GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Few studies focused on predictors of unfavorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 2–6) after reconstructive treatment of the ruptured intracranial spontaneous vertebral artery dissection aneurysms (ris-VADAs), which was evaluated based on 57 reconstructed lesions in this study. Methods: Results of 57 consecutive patients (M:F = 29∶28; median age, 48 years; range, 27 to 69 years) harboring 57 ris-VADAs, which were treated with coils combined with single stent(n = 32), double overlapping stents (n = 16), and triple overlapping stents (n = 9) between October 2000 to March 2011, were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: The available (n = 54) mean durations of angiographic and clinical follow-ups were 27 months (range, 12 to 78) and 62 months (range, 12 to 132), respectively. The involvement of PICA (p = 0.004), size of lesions (p = 0.000), quantity of stent (p = 0.001), and coil type (p = 0.002) affected the immediate obliteration grade, which was only risk factor for angiographic recurrences (p = 0.031). Although the post-treatment outcomes did not differ between single stent and multiple stents (p = 0.434), 5 angiographic recurrences, 1 rebleeding and 1 suspected rebleeding, all occurred in partial obliteration after single-stent-assisted coiling. Progressive thrombosis and in-stent obliteration were not detected on follow-up angiograms. Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.090; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004–1.184; p = 0.040) and unfavorable Hunt-Hess scale (OR = 4.289; 95%CI, 1.232–14.933; p = 0.022) were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes in the reconstructed ris-VADAs. Conclusions: Immediate obliteration grade was only risk factor for angiographic recurrence after reconstructive treatment. Unfavorable Hunt-Hess grade and older age were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes in ris-VADAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) are involved in vascular repair and homeostasis after vascular injuries. In this study, we aimed to explore whether bone marrow ( BM)-derived EPCs contribute to neointima formation and reendothelialization in rabbit elastase-induced aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. Methods Elastase-induced aneurysms were created in New Zealand male rabbits. Three weeks after model creation, flow diverter was implanted to cover the induced aneurysm neck. Autologous EPCs were isolated from bone marrow, expanded ex vivo, double labeled with Hoechst 33,342 and CFSE(carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester), and transplanted transvenously into the rabbits. The rabbits were assigned into three groups. The first group received autologous transfusion of double-labeled EPCs from the first day after stent implantation, and the second group received transfusion from the fifteenth day. The autologous transfusion was given at a 3-day interval and continued for 2 weeks. Fluorescence-labeled cells were tracked under fluorescence microscope at the aneurysm neck and parent artery in the two groups. The third group was established as control group without EPCs transplantation. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the reendothelialization rate between the former two groups and the control group. Results In the first group, double-positive EPCs were found in 3/5 rabbits and mainly located in the subendothelial space and around the stent struts. In the second group, double-positive EPCs were found in 2/5 rabbits and mainly located on the surface of neointima. More endothelial-like cells were observed on the neointima of aneurysm neck and stented parent artery in the groups with EPCs transplantation than control group without EPCs transplantation, but the difference on the number of these cells did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions BM-derived EPCs participate in neointima formation and reendothelialization in elastase-induced aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. The EPCs may differentiate into different cell types according to the stages of neointima formation in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, efficacy, and predictors for outcome of reconstructive treatment with Solitaire™ AB stent(s) based on 54 cases of saccular aneurysms and 14 of acute symptomatic dissecting aneurysms. Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (M/F = 28/30; median age, 53 years) harbouring 68 aneurysms (ruptured/unruptured = 12/56) underwent treatment with Solitaire™ AB stent(s) implantation between April 2010 and August 2011 in our institution. The data were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. Results: The technical success rate of Solitaire™ AB stenting was 100%. The rates of the overall and the treatment-related adverse events were 9% (6/68) and 6% (4/68), respectively, and the recurrent rate was 1% (1/68). All of the adverse events (n = 6) occurred in tiny (n = 1, ≤3 mm) or small (n = 5, >3 to ≤10 mm) aneurysms. The majority (75%, 3/4) of thromboembolic events (thrombus, n = 2; infarction, n = 2) occurred in ruptured lesions, and 2 intraprocedural aneurysm ruptures occurred in the course of coiling when the stent(s) was/were applied within 6 months. Subarachnoid haemorrhages (SAH, p<0.05) and immediate occlusion grades (p<0.05) were predictors for overall adverse events by univariate analysis. Compared with the immediate post-treatment angiographic results, the follow-up angiographic imaging (mean, 13 months; range, 6–25 months) revealed that stent(s) implantation enhanced the rate of class I occlusion from 34% (23/68) to 93% (63/68). SAH was the only predictor for unfavourable outcomes (the modified Rankin Scale score [mRS], 2–6) during the mean 19-month (range, 12–27 months) of clinical follow-ups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although the complete obliteration of tiny and small aneurysms without complications remains a challenge, stent(s) implantation could lead to further occlusion of incompletely coiled aneurysms. SAH and the occlusion grade were the primary predictors for adverse events. SAH was the only predictor for unfavourable outcomes by univariate analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Saccular aneurysms located at the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are uncommon, and endovascular treatment (EVT) for them is not well documented. We performed this study to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of EVT for proximal (M1) segment saccular aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Methods: Of 153 MCA aneurysms between January 2007 and September 2011, 29 patients with 29 M1 segment saccular aneurysms were treated at our institution via endovascular approach. There were 14 men and 15 women with a mean age of 56.2 years (range 36-78 years). Results: Treatments were successful in 28 (96.6 %) cases, including coiling alone in 19 patients, stent-assisted coiling in 8, and balloon-assisted coiling in 1. In the failed case, coiling was not successful, and only a stent was deployed. Immediate angiograms showed total occlusion in 13 patients, neck remnant in 7, partial occlusion in 8, and contrast stasis in the patient who was not coiled successfully. Two (6.9 %) procedure-related complications occurred, including early temporal branch (ETB) obliteration in one patient and lenticulostriate artery (LSA) occlusion in the other one, which resulted in hemiparalysis of one patient. Three patients died from initial severe SAH during hospitalization. One patient died from heart infarction 1 month after operation. Twenty-three of 25 surviving patients underwent follow-up cerebral angiography at intervals ranging from 1 to 21 months (mean, 7.3 months). The result showed 14/23 (60.9 %) aneurysms were completely occluded, 3/23 (13 %) were recanalized, and others were stable or improved. The clinical follow-up (mean, 22.5 months) of all survived patients demonstrated no neurologic deterioration or rebleeding. Conclusion: Our preliminary experience demonstrates that EVT for proximal MCA aneurysm is feasible and safe. However, more adequate follow-up is required to evaluate its long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A three-dimensional Eu-MOF with excellent thermal and water stability is successfully synthesized. • The characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+ can be effectively restored by anthrax markers (DPA). • The ratiometric fluorescence sensor shows excellent sensitivity, outstanding selectivity, and superior accuracy for detection of anthrax markers. • Combined with density functional theory and a variety of other analytical methods, the detection mechanism of DPA by Eu-MOF is investigated in detail. Sensitive, efficient and rapid detection of 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA), commonly labeled as the main biology marker for bacillus anthracis, is of far-reaching consequence to eliminate potential threats. In this work, a 3D Eu-MOF ([Eu(DHBDC) 1.5 (DMF) 2 ·DMF) that has outstanding thermal and water stability was synthesized. The Eu-MOF showed characteristic fluorescence at 506 nm caused by ligand π-π* transition. The quantum calculation showed that there was a large energy difference between the 5D 0 level of Eu3+ and the triplet energy level of 2,5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid ligand (DHBDC2-), which was why the coordination compound did not exhibit the characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+. Interestingly, it effectively restored the red fluorescence of Eu3+ (593, 618 and 699 nm) and showed a dual-emission fluorescence response at 506 and 593 nm when the DPA existed. Therefore, based on the high detection sensitivity of Eu-MOF (the detection limit is 1.3 μM) and outstanding anti-interference ability, it is expected to become a prospective ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the detection of DPA. In addition, combined with density functional theory (DFT) and a variety of other analytical methods, the detection mechanism of DPA by Eu-MOF was investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment of large (10-25 mm) or giant (≥25 mm) cerebral aneurysms remains technically challenging, with a much higher complication and recanalization rate than that is observed for smaller aneurysms. The use of a flow diverter seems to facilitate the treatment of this special entity. In a previous single-center prospective study approved by the Ethics Committee and China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), we obtained promising results, showing remarkable safety and effectiveness for the Tubridge flow diverter. Nevertheless, the previous study may have been limited by biases due to its single-center design and limited number of subjects. Furthermore, although various articles have reported durable results from treating aneurysms using flow diverters, increasing questions have arisen about this form of treatment. Thus, prospective, multiple-center, randomized trials containing more subjects are needed.Methods/design: This study is a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing clinical outcomes for patients with unruptured large/giant intracranial aneurysms treated with either conventional stent-assisted coiling or flow diverter implantation. A total of 124 patients who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized into either a treatment group or a control group in the ratio of 1:1. The treatment group will receive Tubridge implantation alone or combined with bared coils, and the control group will be treated with stent-assisted coiling (bare coils). The primary endpoint will be the complete occlusion rate at 6-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints include the immediate technique success rate, overall mortality, adverse events (ischemic stroke or intracranial bleeding) within 30 days, 90 days and 1 year post-operation, and the rate of intra-stent stenosis and thrombosis 6 months post-operation.Discussion: This prospective trial may provide more information on the safety and efficacy of the Tubridge flow diverter and may potentially change the strategy for treatment of large or giant aneurysms.Trial Registration: The trial is registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003127. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]