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Abstract To address the severe nitrate contamination of water sources, a Cu/Ni bimetallic composite electrode was successfully prepared via cathodic electrodeposition method. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed that Cu nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the surface of Ni foam as irregular spherical structures with a diameters of 900 nm. The Cu/Ni electrode was applied as a cathode in nitrate electroreduction experiments, achieving nearly complete removal of nitrate within 60 min compared to a Ni foam electrode (15.0% removal). The improved performance was attributed to the dramatically increased catalytically active sites and the decreased resistance of the electrode, as shown by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. The parameters influencing electrolysis, including current density, Cl− concentration, and solution pH were evaluated. It was concluded that (a) Increasing the current density favored nitrate removal, but reduced the electronic energy utilization efficiency; (b) Cl− presence hindered nitrate removal slightly, but facilitated NH 4 +-N removal significantly; (c) Acidic conditions were detrimental to nitrate and total nitrogen removal. Additionally, reusability experiments of the Cu/Ni electrode over eight cycles were performed. These indicated that the Cu/Ni electrode possessed excellent stability, maintaining a high removal efficiency of >95.0% over eight cycles. Finally, a possible removal pathway of nitrate electroreduction with the Cu/Ni cathode was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomic probe tomography (APT) samples with Al/Ni multilayer structure were successfully prepared by using a focused ion beam (FIB), combining with a field emission scanning electron microscope, with a new single-wedge lift-out method and a reduced amorphous damage layer of Ga ions implantation. The optimum vertex angle and preparation parameters of APT sample were discussed. The double interdiffusion relationship of the multilayer films was successfully observed by the local electrode APT, which laid a foundation for further study of the interface composition and crystal structure of the two-phase composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are natural or recombinant viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. This review aimed to explore some ongoing and completed clinical studies on OVs, in China and worldwide, to depict a comprehensive landscape of OV clinical trials, and summarize the existing evidence on safety and effectiveness of oncolytic therapy against tumors., Methods: Used the Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov website, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubMed., Results: As of October 1, 2021, 408 clinical trials on 31 OV products have been conducted, with oncolytic DNA viruses being the most investigated ones; phase I and phase II clinical studies accounted for approximately 80% of all studies. Published clinical studies have shown that OVs, such as H101, T-VEC, G47Δ, OH2, T3011, and Pelareorep, have significant anti-tumor effects on various tumors, with only mild adverse events. When OVs are used together with antiviral drugs in the clinic, drug interactions should be considered based on the sensitivity of OVs to antiviral drugs., Conclusions: OVs exhibit accurate oncolysis and favorable safety, and have positive effects on a variety of tumor treatments. It is worth noting that most of the OVs under development are still in their early stages, which is both a challenge and a promising prospect., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)

In this study, a multi-component catalyst, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) co-modified Fe 3 O 4 , was fabricated via one-pot solvothermal method and used as a synergistic catalyzer for Bisphenol A (BPA) removal. The study found that catalytic reactions of BPA followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model, and the correlation rate constants (k obs ) were calculated. Compared with Fe 3 O 4 @β-CD (0.02173 min -1 ), Fe 3 O 4 /rGO (0.09735 min -1 ) and Fe 3 O 4 (0.01666 min -1 ), the composite (0.15733 min -1 ) exhibited stronger catalytic ability to remove BPA from aqueous solution under the same conditions, which were attributed to the synergistic enhancement effect among the components. The introduction of rGO in the composites was beneficial to the generation of •OH, and the role of β-CD might enhance the utilization of •OH. A possible three-element catalytic schematic diagram was described. The effects of pH, dosage of the catalyst, initial H 2 O 2 and NH 2 OH concentrations on the removal efficiency were further investigated. The removal of BPA and TOC retained 78.2 ± 2.4% and 52.9 ± 2.5% after five cycles, indicating its excellent stability and reusability. Furthermore, a probable reaction pathway of BPA removal was suggested by analyzing the intermediate products. All results indicated that the composite had high and stable catalytic performance, which made it have potential application on the industrial treatment of wastewater., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this research, a novel efficiency MnO 2 @Nano hollow carbon sphere (MnO 2 @NHCS) nanocomposite was prepared by one-pot hydrothermal reaction with KMnO 4 solution. The adsorption and oxidization performance of MnO 2 @NHCS were assessed by degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) at different conditions. The effect of dosage of MnO 2 @NHCS, pH, initial concentration of BPA, temperature and humic acid were investigated systematically. Moreover, the characterizations of MnO 2 @NHCS were measured by a series of techniques, such as XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, TGA and XPS. Notably, hollow structure of nano carbon sphere was still retained with uniform MnO 2 nanosheets covered. The results show that the removal rate of BPA was 95.3% within 10 min and BPA can be almost decomposed in 30 min under the optimal conditions. Additionally, the MnO 2 @NHCS remained stable and had a high regeneration efficiency (more than 85%) after 3 cycles (360 min). The reaction intermediates/products of oxidation of BPA were analyzed and the possible degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. These research results demonstrate that the MnO 2 @NHCS is a fleet and efficient material for BPA degradation in aqueous environment., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)