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The remaining oil distribution and displacement mechanism of poly/surface dual flooding stage in medium and high permeability reservoir are not clear. In this paper, the reservoir conditions in Gangxi Area 3 of Dagang Oilfield were taken as the research object. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance and large model physical simulation experiment, the characterization of micro and macro residual oil start-up mechanism and enhanced oil recovery experiment were carried out respectively after polymer flooding poly/surface binary flooding. The experimental results suggest that polymer-surfactant flooding could increase the oil displacement efficiency by 12-29% after polymer flooding, and the contribution of porous to recovery degree is in the order of medium pore, large pore, and small pore. When the surfactant concentration is higher than 0.25%, the increase of oil displacement efficiency tends to be stable, and further enhancing oil recovery requires the expansion of sweep volume. Physical model experiments results show that medium permeability layer has the highest contribution to the recovery degree in the chemical flooding stage, and the displacement mechanism is mainly based on the synergistic effect of expanding sweep volume and improving displacement efficiency. The contribution of low permeability layer to recovery degree is next, and the displacement mechanism is mainly to expand sweep volume. The high permeability layer has the lowest contribution to the recovery degree, and the oil displacement mechanism is mainly to improve the oil displacement efficiency.

Background and purpose: The role of GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuron remains unclear. Here, we profile the NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in a large cohort of patients with PD. We also investigate the role of GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of SN. Methods: A total of 2,522 patients diagnosed with PD and 1,085 health controls were analyzed for the repeat expansions of NOTCH2NLC by repeat‐primed PCR and GC‐rich PCR assay. Furthermore, the effects of GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC on dopaminergic neurons were investigated by using recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated overexpression of NOTCH2NLC with 98 GGC repeats in the SN of mice by stereotactic injection. Results: Four PD pedigrees (4/333, 1.2%) and three sporadic PD patients (3/2189, 0.14%) were identified with pathogenic GGC repeat expansions (larger than 60 GGC repeats) in the NOTCH2NLC gene, while eight PD patients and one healthy control were identified with intermediate GGC repeat expansions ranging from 41 to 60 repeats. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of intermediate NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions between PD cases and controls (Fisher's exact test p‐value = 0.29). Skin biopsy showed P62‐positive intranuclear NOTCH2NLC‐polyGlycine (polyG) inclusions in the skin nerve fibers of patient. Expanded GGC repeats in NOTCH2NLC produced widespread intranuclear and perinuclear polyG inclusions, which led to a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Consistently, polyG inclusions were presented in the SN of EIIa‐NOTCH2NLC‐(GGC)98 transgenic mice and also led to dopaminergic neuron loss in the SN. Conclusions: Overall, our findings provide strong evidence that GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC contribute to the pathogenesis of PD and cause degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulating granular materials is a crucial function of robotic grippers. However, the existing approaches always suffer from low efficiency when dealing with large quantities of dispersed granules. To overcome this challenge, inspiration is drawn from an African elephant (Loxodonta Africana), which can employ both fingertip extensions on the trunk tip to efficiently grasp dispersed granular food all at once by mediating state transition of granules. Herein, this bio‐inspired intelligent strategy is integrated into a soft pneumatic gripper for transporting dispersed granules. To evaluate the critical actuation pressures while grasping granules, a library is constructed experimentally, and the effects of the initial relative height and relative lifting speed on the grasping success rate are examined. It is indicated in the experimental results that this trunk‐inspired robotic strategy leads to a success rate of over 90% and saves ≈50% duration of manipulation compared to the individual gripping fashion. Herein, new insights may be offered in this study into a novel manipulation strategy for efficiently transporting dispersed granular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2 materials are considered one of the promising candidates for lithium/sodium-ion batteries (L/SIBs) due to its excellent safety and abundant resources. However, the low ion diffusion coefficient becomes a bottleneck in restrict its development. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) porous hydrangea-shaped anatase TiO2 (ATO) was synthesized through the synergistic effect of de-alloying and SO42− induced chemical synthesis. During the chemical synthesis process, SO42− and TiO62− octahedra are bound by static electricity, as the spatial effect of SO42− can influence the octahedral arrangement in favor of precipitating anatase TiO2. In the SIBs, ATO as anode material provided an excellent capacity of 190 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1. Electrochemical kinetic tests show that the pseudocapacitive behavior contributes to 86% of the capacity at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1, mainly due to the high specific surface area provided by its unique microstructure, and also shows excellent electrochemical performance in the LIBs tests. This study provides a novel strategy for the simple and large-scale production of TiO2 anode materials with high-performance L/SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]