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The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera. Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control. In this study, comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin. Twenty‐six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin. Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways. The combination of iron(II) fumarate + folic acid (IF‐FA) enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold, indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance. Furthermore, the disruption of several energy‐related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF‐FA in vitro. Therefore, IF‐FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Previous data demonstrate that JMJD2A is a cancer-associated gene and may be involved in human breast cancer by demethylation of H3K9me3. The aim of this study was to investigate depressive effects on JMJD2A by transfection with JMJD2A-sepcific siRNA in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. JMJD2A-specific siRNA was chemically synthesised and transfected into human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Expression levels of JMJD2A were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Cells proliferation was evaluated by using flow cytometric anlysis and MTT assay. The abilities of invasion and migration were evaluated by cell migration and invasion assay with Boyden chambers. The results showed that the transfection was successful and expression levels of JMJD2A mRNA and protein in siRNA group were both down-regulated. By MTT assay, the mean actual absorbance in siRNA group was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P < 0.05) and negative control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase in siRNA group was significantly more than that in blank control group (P < 0.05) and negative control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, by cell invasion and migration assay, the decreased number of migrated cells in siRNA group was observed (P < 0.05). These data imply that silencing JMJD2A gene could result in cell cycle change and proliferation inhibition, and lead to suppress tumor cell invasion and migration. It provides a new perspective in understanding the pleiotropic functions of JMJD2A and its contribution to human breast cancer.

In order to improve the defects of contrast analysis method on automated enforcement effectiveness evaluation in china, in consideration of the influence factors of regression to the mean and traffic management level, a new comprehensive analysis method is given by means of error analysis method in probability theory. It shows that crash effects in our country is greater than that in developed one as a result of automated enforcement, that is, the effects of reducing traffic accidents flowing automated enforcement in China is greater. However, in China, automated enforcement will increase pedestrian hit and the severity of the crash, as well as lead to significant increase the proportion of casualties, which is more obviously different from that in developed country (it only increases the number of rear-end crashes following automated enforcement). The comprehensive analysis method overcomes the defects that contrast analysis method overestimate or underestimate the impacts of automated enforcement in the traffic violations and accidents, it is helpful to promote the application scope and depth of automated enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the possible mechanism. Outcome parameters consist of blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain edema and lesion volume. Using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, we examined the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (including ERK, JNK, p38) following TBI. To investigate the cell types in which the LXA4 receptor (ALXR) staining was localized, brain sections pulsed with ALXR were subjected to immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against cell type-specific antigens. Our findings show that LXA4 decreases BBB permeability, attenuates brain edema, and reduces TBI-induced lesion volume. In addition, LXA4 inhibits TBI-induced elevation of mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In the injured cortex at 24h post-TBI, the phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) and -JNK (p-JNK), but not -p38 (p-p38) levels were increased. The p-ERK and p-JNK production were attenuated by their respective inhibitors (PD98059 and SP600125), as well as LXA4. Moreover, ALXR was found to label more GFAP positive cells, whereas few CD11b-positive cells were labeled by ALXR within the layers of the injured cortex at 24h post-TBI. The activation of ALXR in astrocytes was partially enhanced by LXA4 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that TBI activates pro-inflammatory cytokines, the MAPK pathways together with ALXR in astrocytes, and these mechanisms may be exploited by pharmacological interventions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of male immune infertility (MII) by meta-analysis., Methods: We retrieved randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the treatment of male immune infertility with traditional Chinese medicine from the databases of WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Literature, Cochrane Library, Weipu, PubMed and CNKI, and performed methodological quality assessment of the RCTs identified and statistical analysis and evaluation of the publication bias using the RevMan5.4 software., Results: Totally, 25 RCTs (2 563 cases) were included in this study. Compared with Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII, TCM achieved a significantly higher total effectiveness rate (OR = 6.35, 95% CI: 4.96－8.13, P<0.000 01), negative conversion rate of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibodies (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.72 － 7.51, P<0.000 01), negative rate of serum anti-sperm antibodies (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.23－3.96, P<0.000 01), sperm concentration (MD = 15.56, 95% CI: 11.32－19.79, P<0.000 01), grade a sperm motility (MD = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.91－5.79, P=0.000 01), grade a+b sperm motility (MD = 13.77, 95% CI: 7.06－20.48, P<0.000 1), sperm viability (MD = 10.32, 95% CI: 6.78－13.86, P<0.000 01) and pregnancy rate (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.68－4.63, P<0.000 01), but a lower rate of adverse reactions (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01－0.23, P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm between TCM and Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII (MD = －7.53, 95% CI: －15.50－0.44, P = 0.06)., Conclusion: TCM has a definite effectiveness and high safe in the treatment of male immune infertility.

RNA has received more attention in the field of forensic medicine and the development of the new biological markers based on RNA shows great significance in the analysis of complex cases. circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of non-coding RNA which is widely reported recently. Although the regulatory mechanisms of generation and expression are not fully clear, the existing research indicates that circRNA has important biological functions. CircRNA has a cell-type-specific expression with great stability and a high expression level, which makes it meaningful in forensic applications potentially. In this paper, the research progress, the generation and regulation of circRNA as well as its biological characteristics and functions are summarized, which will provide references for related studies and forensic applications.

Human violent behavior is a complex behavior which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. There is a trend in investigating the mechanism of violent behavior by using the genetic methods. This article reviews several candidate genes and advances in epigenetics which are associated with violent behavior. The prospects and significance of violent behavior research from the view of gene polymorphism and epigenetics are also discussed.

Acute obstruction of coronary arteries leads to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which causes unexpected death in humans. However, AMI cannot be easily detected in forensic examinations with traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. We analyzed whether cardiac troponin inhibitor (CTnI) could serve as a sensitive and specific early marker for diagnosing AMI in forensic medicine. We established an AMI model in rabbits by ligating the left ventricular branch and observed CTnI expression with immunohistochemistry after different ligation times. We found increased CTnI staining at the 0.5-h time point and depletion of CTnI staining with a 1-h ligation. The areas in which CTnI staining was depleted as seen with immunohistochemical analysis were consistent with the results of H&E staining. Next, human myocardium tissues from 30 persons who died from AMI and were subsequently examined in our forensic center were studied using immunohistochemistry with an antibody to human CTnI. Areas of infarction also showed depletion of CTnI staining. These findings suggested that immunohistochemical detection of CTnI is earlier, more sensitive, and myocardial tissue - specific as compared with H&E staining. CTnI may serve as an ideal marker for diagnosing AMI in forensic investigations., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the cases of anaphylactic death cases and explore the standards of judicial expertise of anaphylactic death for providing evidence for judicial expertise., Methods: Fifty-nine cases death due to allergic reaction in Shanghai were collected. And details of medical history, clinical manifestation of anaphylactic reaction and postmortem examination findings were reviewed for all cases., Results: In the 59 cases, there were 58 cases died from drug allergy, including 77.6% of them were antibiotics. The rates of treating in standard hospital and illegal clinic were 37.3% and 61.0%, respectively. The allergic symptoms were dyspnea and facial cyanosis. The time from contacting allergens to death ranged from 1 min to 3 d. The concentration of total serum IgE ranged from 50 to 576.92 IU/mL. The results of clinical manifestation and pathological anatomy had obviously changes., Conclusion: Based on the exclusion of all other cause of death and synthetically analysis of details of cases, medical history, clinical manifestation and anatomy, the conclusion of anaphylactic death can reached. The details of cases including clinical history, exposure to allergens, and clinical manifestation play an important role in diagnosis of anaphylactic death.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in incised wound of rat's skin and injury time., Methods: The wounding model was established by cutting the dorsal skin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed at the pre-set injury time as immediately, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin samples were taken at the margin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA? fibronectin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the relationship be- tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin was not observed immediately. The basal cell of skin began to show positive expression 0.5 h after injury. With the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the Western blotting analysis., Conclusion: The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury.

Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) is a technique based on allele-specific primers, which can be used to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effectively including the transition, transversion and insertion/deletion polymorphism and has been exploited in the study of diseases research, molecular diagnosis, and forensic biological evidence. The article systematically reviews the principle, the detection methods, improvement of AS-PCR, and its research updates in the fields of autosome, Y chromosome and mitochondrial SNP, as well as its application in forensic science.

Objective: To discuss the myocardial expression of Spry1 and MAPK proteins of viral myocarditis (VMC), to reveal its mechanism of sudden death, and to provide guides for forensic identification of sudden cardiac death., Methods: Thirty Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into VMC group and control group, inoculated intraperitoneally with Coxsackievirus B3 and Eagel's solution, respectively. After the mice were sacrificed, the cardiac tissues of the mice were taken to proceed regular pathological examination. The changes of Spry1 protein, Spry1 mRNA and MAPK protein were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR., Results: Under light microscope, the pathologic changes included myocardial interstitial edema, inflammatory cells infiltration, myocardial necrosis, and focal and patchy necrosis of myocardial fiber in VMC group. The expression of Spry1 protein in VMC group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). There was slightly decreased expression of Spry1 of the mRNA level in VMC group (P > 0.05). But the MAPK protein expression in VMC group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The pathway of MAPK/ERK involving Spry1 protein accelerates the expression of collagen, which may contribute to arrhythmia, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death.

Objective: To establish two methods by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and pyrosequencing for genotyping rs220030 (a SNP in the promoter region of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N, SNRPN). To establish an analytical technique for detecting CpG methylation status by pyrosequencing and to further investigate the feasibility of applying rs220030 to the determination of parental origin allele., Methods: The rs220030 of 97 blood samples from individuals of Shanghai Han population were genotyped by DGGE, meanwhile the rs220030 of 25 blood samples of them were genotyped by pyrosequencing to compare the two methods in genotyping SNP. Pyrosequencing united bisulfite conversion method was applied to detect CpG methylation status of region upstream rs220030 of two random blood genealogical samples and investigate whether the methylation status was parental related., Results: The rs220030 genotyping results of 97 blood samples detected by DGGE were 20 C homozygote, 29 T homozygote, and 48 C/T heterozygote. Twenty-five blood samples genotyped by pyrosequencing showed the same result with DGGE. The CpG methylation status of region upstream rs220030 of the child was similar to the mother., Conclusion: Compared with DGGE, pyrosequencing is more accurate, convenient, and suitable for large samples and high throughput SNP genotyping. Pyrosequencing united bisulfite conversion can be used to detect CpG methylation status precisely. It is feasible to apply rs220030 to parental origin allele determination.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the possible mechanism. Outcome parameters consist of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain edema and lesion volume. Using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, we examined the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (including ERK, JNK, p38) following TBI. To investigate the cell types in which the LXA4 receptor (ALXR) staining was localized, brain sections pulsed with ALXR were subjected to immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against cell type-specific antigens. Our findings show that LXA4 decreases BBB permeability, attenuates brain edema, and reduces TBI-induced lesion volume. In addition, LXA4 inhibits TBI-induced elevation of mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In the injured cortex at 24h post-TBI, the phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) and -JNK (p-JNK), but not -p38 (p-p38) levels were increased. The p-ERK and p-JNK production were attenuated by their respective inhibitors (PD98059 and SP600125), as well as LXA4. Moreover, ALXR was found to label more GFAP positive cells, whereas few CD11b-positive cells were labeled by ALXR within the layers of the injured cortex at 24h post-TBI. The activation of ALXR in astrocytes was partially enhanced by LXA4 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that TBI activates pro-inflammatory cytokines, the MAPK pathways together with ALXR in astrocytes, and these mechanisms may be exploited by pharmacological interventions., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Jumonji Domain Containing 2A (JMJD2A) may be a cancer-associated gene involved in human breast cancer. With a view to investigating expression of JMJD2A in human breast cancer and benign lesion tissues as well as relationship between JMJD2A and tumor related proteins, histological and immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR in infiltrating duct carcinoma and fibroadenoma for JMJD2A and immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR in infiltrating duct carcinoma for tumor related proteins (ARHI, p53, ER, PR and CerbB-2) were performed. Histological examination validated the clinical diagnosis. The JMJD2A positive rate of infiltrating duct carcinoma was significantly higher than fibroadenoma by immunohistochemical analysis. The mean optical density of JMJD2A in infiltrating duct carcinoma was higher than fibroadenoma by western blot. JMJD2A mRNA level in infiltrating duct carcinoma was higher than fibroadenoma by quantitative real-time PCR. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the expression of JMJD2A was associated with ARHI, p53 and ER from immunohistochemical results respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the expression of JMJD2A was associated with ARHI, p53 and ER from quantitative real-time PCR results respectively. Expression of JMJD2A in infiltrating duct carcinoma was higher, and associated with ARHI, p53 and ER. The results may take JMJD2A as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in human breast cancer.

microRNA (miRNA or miR) is a small single stranded non-coding RNA (21-25nt) that regulates gene expression in almost creatures. Currently, plenty of researches on how miRNA affects human cardiovascular disease have been reported. This review highlights recent findings about the role of miRNA in heart tissue and circulation correlated with human cardiovascular disease and explores the application of miRNA in sudden cardiac death in forensic science.

In order to study the functional and structural alterations of the retina in SD rat model after methanol intoxication, 35 rats were divided randomly into five groups administrated with saline, 3-day high dose, 7-day high dose, 3-day low dose and 7-day low dose methanol separately. The retinal function of each group was assessed by flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) 3 and 7 days after methanol poisoning. The microstructure and ultrastructure of the retina were observed at the same time. The high-dose methanol intoxication induced irreversible retinal functional and structural damages 3 days after poisoning, which included prolonged latency and reduced amplitude of the Max-reaction of F-ERG. These injuries were aggravated 7 days after poisoning. Meanwhile, the latency and amplitude of the Cone-reaction of F-ERG were also affected 3 days after poisoning, but there were no further worsening tendency 7 days after poisoning. The retinal histological analysis showed cellular edema, heteromorphy and disarrangement, tissular loosen of the inner nuclear layer and photoreceptors layer. The mitochondrial damage began at the photoreceptors layer and developed further into the inner nuclear layer. The low-dose methanol intoxication only caused transient damage of the retina. Our results showed that the function and structure of the photoreceptor and inner nuclear layer were the primary target of methanol intoxication and that the rod cells were more sensitive to methanol intoxication than the cone cells. The mitochondrial damage developed from outer layer to inner layer of the retina.

Objective: To investigate the application of dinucleotide STR locus in paternity testing., Methods: Dinucleotide STR locus D6S261 was selected and the paternity testing blood samples were amplified using 200 random blood samples, 16 family samples and 193 paternity test samples. Data of the PCR products were collected by 3130XL Genetic Analyzer and the genetic parameters of population were calculated by PowerStats v12., Results: Fifteen alleles and 50 genotypes were found and H, DP, PE and PIC were 0.850, 0.953, 0.695, and 0.820, respectively. The typing results of both family samples and paternity test samples were accord with the law of inheritance, which no mutation was discovered., Conclusion: The genetic polymorphisms of D6S261 show good characteristics with low mutation rate and high stability. It can be an effective method to solve the indetermination caused by mutation in paternity testing if the stutter bands can be decreased.

Objective: To analyze the polymorphism of rs220030, a SNP which is located in the promoter region of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene in the Chinese Han population and to obtain the data of population genetics., Methods: The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was applied to detect the polymorphism of rs220030 in 100 unrelated and healthy individuals from the Shanghai Han population. The genotyping result of this SNP was confirmed by TaqMan assay in some typical samples., Results: DGGE results showed 4 bands for CT heterozygote, and 1 band for CC or TT homozygote, and those results were confirmed by The TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Genotyping results showed 34 individuals with CC, 41 with CT and 25 with TT of rs220030. The allele frequencies for C and T were 0.545 and 0.455, respectively. H was 0.500, PIC was 0.373, DP was 0.654, and PE was 0.186. The distribution of genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium., Conclusion: DGGE is a quick and effective method in the analysis of SNP polymorphism in small population. Statistical parameters of rs220030 for forensic evaluation meet the requirements for forensic identification and paternity testing.

Objective: To explore the relationship between beta-actin mRNA degradation in SD rat's brain, heart and kidney and early postmortem interval (PMI) in order to find new markers for estimating early PMI., Methods: Rats were sacrificed and kept in the place at a temperature of 20 degrees C. The total RNA were extracted from the brain, heart and kidney at different PMI points. Real time RT-PCR was applied to determine beta-actin mRNA levels in total RNA and the results were given in the form of Ct values. Linear relationships between PMI and Ct values were obtained and the functions of linear regression were established., Results: The great decrease of beta-actin mRNA level were observed in the three organs. The degradation rate was obviously higher in 24 hours after death in the heart and kidney. However, there were no significant changes in the brain. The changes of Ct values and PMI showed a good linear relationship., Conclusion: beta-actin mRNA in rat's brain, heart and kidney degrades obviously after death and can be used for estimating early PMI by its degradation rules.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the time-dependent level changes of microRNA and 18S rRNA and the different postmortem interval (PMI) in rat cardiac muscle., Methods: SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and placed at ambient temperature 25 degrees C with a humidity of 50%. Total RNA was extracted from the rat cardiac muscle at different time points after death. The levels of miR-1-2 and 18S rRNA were examined using real-time PCR in rat cardiac muscle. The results were expressed by cycle threshold (Ct) value to explore relationship between PMI and Ct value, and the regression functions were established to estimate PMI., Results: The miR-1-2 level in rat myocardial tissue showed no significant changes within 120 h after death, and then began to decline. The 18S rRNA level increased gradually within 96 h after death, and then declined slowly. The nonlinear relationships were established between Ct value (18S rRNA), deltaCt value (difference between 18S rRNA and miR-1-2) and PMI. The R2 of conics fitting were 0.9487 and 0.8072, respectively., Conclusion: Ct value of 18S rRNA and deltaCt value present a good correlation with PMI, and can be markers for estimating early PMI.

Objective: In order to improve accuracy and reliability of forensic diagnosis of sudden cardiac death, pathogenesis and relationship between the viral myocarditis (VMC) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were investigated., Methods: Improved immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of the CAR in myocardium samples, including 22 deceased with VMC, 20 deceased with DCM and 16 control deceased., Results: The brown staining on the cell membrane of myocardium showed positive result. There was a prominent CAR expression in VMC group and DCM group, which were statistically significant difference compared with control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The CAR expression showed significantly higher in VMC and DCM groups. The viral infection can result in myocardial necrosis and impaired cardiac functions. These abnormalities can trigger a cascade of events that contributed to the progress of VMC to DCM.

Objective: To study the effects of triptolide-medicated serum on secretory function of adrenocortical cells isolated from rats., Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, prednisone group, and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide groups. Rats were administered with normal saline, prednisone and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide respectively by gastrogavage to prepare sera containing drugs. Primary adrenocortical cells were isolated from normal male rats and cultured with sera containing drug for 48 hours. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was observed by immunohistochemical method and number of PCNA-positive cells was counted. Ultrastructure of adrenocortical cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) mRNA., Results: As compared with the control group, content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture and expression of 3beta-HSD mRNA were significantly increased in the triptolide-treated groups, and the numbers of PCNA-positive cells were increased in the medium- and high-dose triptolide groups, however, they were decreased in the prednisone group., Conclusion: Triptolide-medicated serum can increase the secretion of corticosterone in rat adrenocortical cells in vitro.

Objective: To provide reference data for enacting and revising the laws and regulations of the disability expertise., Methods: The epidemiological features of the disabled caused by road traffic accident in Shanghai during 2005 were retrospectively analyzed., Results: The most common injuries were in extremities (53.3%), followed by head (23.3%), spine (9.7%), thorax (5.8%), and abdomen (4.4%). The cumulative incidence rate of disability due to traffic injuries was 414.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, higher for men (505.7/100,000) than women (318.7/100,000). The highest incidence rate of disability was between age 35 and 59 (538.2/100,000). The most disabled was bicyclist, followed by pedestrian., Conclusion: The incidence rate of disability among 35-59 age group was the highest in Shanghai during 2005. It has resulted in loss of labor force with a negative effect on the economic development.